2022年中考英语话题阅读理解训练 公益行为（WORD版含答案）

2022年中考英语话题阅读理解训练 公益行为
It is reported that some developed countries have shipped broken parts of computers to China. Last month Hong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers. TVs and phones sent from Japan.
Things like these are called electronic waste, or e-waste. Dealing with them is not an easy job. Every time an old computer breaks down, it needs to be dealt with safely. What is worse, at present, broken computer parts are usually buried. It may be hundreds of years before they really go in the earth.
Many places in China are polluted by e-waste. Guiyu in Guangdong Province is one of them. This town is named as "the e-waste capital of the world". It has to deal with 1.5 million kilograms of e-waste each year, from which it makes 75 million yuan. But it comes at a cost. Many of the poisons in e-waste find their way into the environment. An environmental group has found the air, the earth and the rivers in Guiyu badly polluted.
Luckily, the Chinese government wants the country to change the situation. This year, China passed a new environmental protection puter companies like Lenovo and Dell will be asked to take back their old computers.
Hopefully, the problem with e-waste will be solved in the near future.
(1) The underlined word "buried" probably means _____ in the passage.
A．焚烧 B．降解 C．回收 D．掩埋
(2) The town of Guiyu in Guangdong Province _____.
A．is the e-capital of the world B．has serious e-waste pollution
C．deals with e-waste safely D．spends much money on e-waste
(3) This year, the Chinese government _____.
A．closed some computer companies
B．asked people to hand in their old computers
C．made a new environmental protection law
D．tried to change people's life
(4) What is the passage mainly about
A．The e-waste problem in China.
B．The cost of burning e-waste.
C．The ways to deal with e-waste.
D．The need to pass a law against e-waste.
At present, too much carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) makes the earth warmer and warmer. To save our planet as well as ourselves, a new lifestyle called low-carbon life becomes popular. Low carbon means low energy and no waste. It is necessary for everybody to learn to live a low-carbon life.
To live a low-carbon life, we'd better save energy as much as possible. Turn off the lights and TV whenever they are not needed. If possible, use cold water to wash clothes or dishes. Take a short shower and try to take a cold one when the weather gets warm. Don't do the cooking with electricity.
To live a low-carbon life, we should eat less meat. Maybe it is a little difficult, but it's really necessary. Everybody knows eating too much meat makes people fat and easy to have heart disease. Also, keeping animals for food produces even more carbon dioxide than all the cars in the world. Being a vegetarian (素食者) can help reduce one and a half tons of carbon dioxide a year.
To live a low-carbon life, we are supposed to do less shopping. When we go shopping, we may drive a car or take other transportation. On the one hand, these machines pollute the air and waste energy. On the other hand, most of us always buy some useless things when going shopping. It is not only a waste of money but also causes trouble to the earth, because making everything will produce carbon dioxide more or less.
There are many other ways to live a low-carbon life, such as recycling things, planting trees and reusing textbooks. If we can keep these good habits in our daily life, the earth will become a safer planet for us to live on.
(1) Low carbon means _____.
A．an old lifestyle B．warm weather
C．low energy and no waste D．no carbon dioxide
(2) We can _____ to save energy in our daily life.
A．use less electricity B．go to sleep with lights on
C．wash clothes with hot water D．drive to work
(3) The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 means _____.
A．eating less meat B．having heart disease
C．keeping animals for food D．eating less vegetables
(4) The reason for doing less shopping is that _____.
A．wasting money causes trouble to people
B．we all like driving to the supermarket
C．the less we shop, the less carbon dioxide will be produced
D．all the things we buy are useless
(5) What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To tell the reason why there is more and more carbon dioxide.
B．To call on people to live a low-carbon life.
C．To introduce why people should live a low-carbon life.
D．To help people understand how dangerous carbon dioxide is.
（2020·温州市鹿城区·模拟）
The world's nights are getting surprisingly brighter. This is bad news for all kinds of creatures, including humans—as light pollution is becoming worse, taking away the darkness of night almost everywhere.
Satellite* observations* made by researchers show Earth's artificially—lit* outdoor area grew by 2% a year from 2012 to 2016. So did night time brightness. Light pollution was even worse than that, according to the German-led team, because satellites cannot observe some of the LED lighting, especially blue light.
"Honestly, I had hoped that with LEDs we were improving the situation, for this new lighting technology has been developed to use less energy. But it turns out quite disappointing," said Kyba, the lead author of the study.
"Asia, Africa and South America, for the most part, have seen an increase in artificial night lighting. The cities in developing nations are brightening quite rapidly. Other bright places include greenhouses in the Netherlands and areas of agriculture. More and more places are fixing outdoor lighting because of its low cost and the growth in communities' wealth," the scientists said.
One of the co-authors, Franz Holker of the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries in Berlin, said things were already in a terrible situation.
"Many people are using light at night without really thinking about the cost," Holker said. "Not just the economic cost, but also the cost that you have to pay for environmental damage."
The effect from the increasing artificial light is obvious, according to the researchers. People's sleep can be marred, which in turn can hurt their health. The life of birds, fish, insects and bats can be harmed. Plants can have longer growing periods. And people may forget about seeing stars or the Milky Way if the light pollution continues.
Kyba and his team suggest avoiding bright lights whenever possible and using more useful ways to shine light on places such as parking lots or city streets. For example, dim, closely spaced lights can provide better visibility than bright lights that are more spread out.
(1) Why is light pollution becoming worse according to the passage
A．Because LED lighting gives off blue light.
B．Because there is increasing artificial lighting.
C．Because people can pay for the electricity bill for home.
D．Because scientists didn't suggest avoiding artificial lighting.
(2) What can we learn from the passage
A．We can use bright lights in city streets.
B．LED lighting can help reduce light pollution.
C．Maybe we can't see the stars because of light pollution.
D．The cities in developing nations don't fix outdoor lighting.
(3) What does the underlined word "marred" probably mean
A．recorded B．controlled C．improved D．influenced
(4) What's the best title of the passage
A．The Disadvantages of LEDs B．Brighter Nights Are Dangerous
C．What Causes Light Pollution D．Ways to Reduce Light Pollution
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
_____ I think factories shouldn't pour waste water into the river. We shouldn't throw trash everywhere. We'd better go out on foot or by bike instead of by car.
_____ There will be more trees and fewer cars. Water will be cleaner and air will be fresher. Animals and plants will live better on the earth together.
_____ There will be a kind of small cars. The small cars will use much less gas. And driving will be safer, as these small cars can drive only 65 kilometers an hour. The small cars will be fine for going around a city, but they will not be useful for long trips.
_____ I want to be a computer programmer when I grow up.
Li Ping wants to be an astronaut. He wants to fly to space like Yang Liwei and Zhai Zhigang. Wei Fang says, "I want to be a robot scientist, so I must work hard at science now."
_____ My name is Robot. I have a round head and I have no hair but an aerial (天线), My master (主人) is a great robot scientist who made me. I usually follow him and help him. I never get tired.
(1)
A．A Story about a Robot. B．The Environment in the Future.
C．The Bad Environment. D．Cars of the Future.
E．Who Is Making Pollution F．How to Stop Pollution.
G．Dreams.
(2)
A．A Story about a Robot. B．The Environment in the Future.
C．The Bad Environment. D．Cars of the Future.
E．Who Is Making Pollution F．How to Stop Pollution.
G．Dreams.
(3)
A．A Story about a Robot. B．The Environment in the Future.
C．The Bad Environment. D．Cars of the Future.
E．Who Is Making Pollution F．How to Stop Pollution.
G．Dreams.
(4)
A．A Story about a Robot. B．The Environment in the Future.
C．The Bad Environment. D．Cars of the Future.
E．Who Is Making Pollution F．How to Stop Pollution.
G．Dreams.
(5)
A．A Story about a Robot. B．The Environment in the Future.
C．The Bad Environment. D．Cars of the Future.
E．Who Is Making Pollution F．How to Stop Pollution.
G．Dreams.
（2020·天津河东区·模拟） A grand international horticultural (园艺) exhibition kicked off on April 29, 2019 Monday in Beijing. Chinese President Xi expressed his hope that the green development concept (理念) embodied (体现) by the Expo park would be spread to "every corner of the world".
The International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 Beijing is the highest-level and largest international fair held in China after the International Horticultural Exhibition held in the southwest city of Kunming in 1999, the 2010 Shanghai World Expo and the first China International Import Expo in 2018.
"The development model of 'killing the hens for eggs' and 'draining (排空) the lake for fish' is at a dead end," Xi said in his speech at the opening ceremony of the Expo. "The future will be illuminated (发光) by eco-friendly development that is in accordance with the rules of nature."
"China's ecological civilization (生态文明) development is on fast track. People will live in a better environment with blue sky, green mountains and clear water," Xi said. "We should protect the ecological environment like protecting our eyes and value it in the same way we value our lives."
"Only with concerted efforts can we effectively (有效) deal with global environment issues such as climate change, marine (海洋) pollution and biological protection and achieve the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable (可持续的) Development goals," he said.
He put forward a five-point suggestion: pursuing (追求) harmony between human and nature, prosperity (繁荣) based on green development, a passion for mature-caring lifestyles, a scientific spirit in ecological governance and joint efforts to deal with environmental challenges.
"The Beijing Horticultural Expo, themed 'Live Green, Live Better', is one of the major international events hosted by China in 2019, which marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. It indicates (标识) that China has changed from a participant (参与者) in global green development to a contributor and leader," said Wu Shunze, an expert with the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. A total of 110 countries and international organizations will attend the 162-day event.
(1) The underlined phrase "kicked off" in the Paragraph 1 means "_____".
A．started B．ended C．celebrated D．joined
(2) From the passage we can know that the International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 Beijing _____.
A．is first hosted by China B．is covered with green park
C．is held in Kunming, Yunnan D．lasts 162 days in total
(3) From the passage, we can learn that President Xi _____.
A．thinks eco-friendly development is less important
B．gives 5 suggestions on ecological environment
C．thinks China's ecological civilization development is slow
D．advises us to kill the hens for eggs to protect environment
(4) "Live Green, Live Better" means that _____.
A．if we live in a green environment, we will live better
B．if we want to live better, we should live in a green room
C．green can change global environmental problems effectively
D．the world in the future must be coloured in green everywhere
(5) The writer of the passage wants to show us _____.
A．the wonderful opening ceremony of the Expo
B．Chinese leadership in global green development
C．the importance of green development concept
D．the future green environment in the expo park
Look for your own way to do something with your kids this year. These ideas will help you and your family get into the activity when it comes to protecting the environment.
Whether (不论) it's at your kid's school, a neighbourhood park, or other places, let your family take part in an activity to protect the environment on Earth Day. Make your friends or people around you join you together.
For kids who love to play in the dirt, gardening is a natural way to do good to the Earth. Get your kids to take part in planting trees, flowers, vegetables or other plants in your yard. If you choose something like a tree, it will grow year after year to make you know your hard work on Earth Day.
Save water to protect the Earth. Ask everyone to turn off water when they brush their teeth or wash their faces and hands. See who can take the fastest showers and still get clean. Use a broom (扫把) rather than water to clean the floor.
Turn off lights when they are not in use. When you're not using lights or electrical appliances (电器) (TVs, computers, air conditioners, etc.), turn them off.
(1) What should a family do on Earth Day
A．Take part in an activity to protect the environment.
B．Plant a tree with other people.
C．Talk to their friends about Earth Day.
D．Provide some activities for their friends.
(2) What does the underlined word "it" refer to
A．The flower. B．The tree. C．The vegetable. D．The dirt.
(3) Which of the following is a natural way to protect the Earth
A．Cooking with a little rice. B．Washing cars with a little water.
C．Planting flowers. D．Taking care of food.
(4) Which of the following can NOT save water
A．Turn off the water when you don't use it.
B．Do your best to take a fast shower.
C．Clean the floor with a broom.
D．Turn off lights when you don't use them.
(5) The writer writes this passage for _____.
A．children B．parents C．teachers D．workers
Taking away a city's rubbish is a big job. Every day trucks come into cities to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we can't eat or use. If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish. In some cities, the rubbish is collected and taken outside of the cities to a dump (堆存处). Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places. To keep nice and keep flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land. Finally, a house or school may be built there, and then you'd never know that this was once an old rubbish dump. In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places. The fire burns everything but the metals. Sometimes the metals can be used again in factories where they slowly change into something called humus (腐殖质), which looks like black earth. It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help them grow.
(1) You can most probably read the passage in _____.
A．a newspaper B．a TV guide C．a history book D．a note book
(2) The underlined word "sewage" in the passage means _____.
A．洗涤 B．染色 C．排污 D．抽水
(3) How should we take care of a used metal box according to the passage
A．By burning it off. B．By putting it in the river.
C．By throwing it away. D．By reusing or recycling it.
(4) The fire burns rubbish and _____.
A．nothing is left B．metal is left
C．they all left D．you can't see anything
(5) According to the passage, we can build houses, schools and so on _____.
A．on the rubbish dump B．on the sand
C．in the river D．on the lake
(6) The main idea of the passage is _____.
A．to let us know taking away rubbish is a big job
B．to explain the need for rubbish collection
C．to tell people to take useful things out of rubbish
D．to introduce different ways to treat rubbish
（2020·济南市济阳县·期末）
One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China. And at 8,844.43 meters high, Mount Qomolangma is the tallest mountain of the Himalayas as well as on Earth. While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish. Every year, visitors and climbers throw away tons of rubbish, such as bottles and plastic bags.
According to the UN, over 140 tons of rubbish has been left on the mountain. To reduce rubbish, China is limiting (限制) the number of people who are allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring.
People cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5,200 meters. They collected about 8.4 metric tons (公吨) of rubbish.
This year, the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan on a new clean-up activity. The local government is also setting up stations to sort (分类), recycle and break down rubbish collected from the mountain. A group of artists will also try to turn the rubbish into art works. They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain.
(1) What problem are parts of Mount Qomolangma facing
A．Noise. B．Rubbish. C．Air pollution. D．Water pollution.
(2) How many people will be allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain during spring
A．140. B．5,200. C．4 million. D．300.
(3) The underlined word "removing" in Paragraph 3 probably means _____.
A．taking away B．giving away C．putting on D．using up
(4) The artists will show their art works in order to _____.
A．teach people to make works of art
B．help people to know about Qomolangma
C．encourage people to clean up Qomolangma
D．remind people not to throw rubbish on Qomolangma
(5) Where could the article come from
A．A notice. B．A story. C．News. D．An ad (广告).
Some days, don't you think, "Wouldn't it be nice if the laundry would just do itself " Self-cleaning clothes may sound crazy. But Australian researchers have found a way to make something like this possible!
A team at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, found a way to put special nanostructures (纳米结构) into clothing, which can then clean the clothes. When sunlight hits the nanostructures, they break down the dirt and stains (污渍) that don't belong on your clothes.
The nanostructures don't break down the actual clothing because cotton and the other clothing materials are too strong to be broken down. According to CNN, the researchers cover the clothing in a solution made of silver and copper (铜) nanostructures. All it takes is 40 minutes of sunlight and your clothes will look as good as new.
So if you spill on yourself during lunch, you can step outside for a walk, and it will be clean by the time you go inside. It not only makes your life easier, but it can also be good for the environment.
According to the US Department of Energy, the average load of laundry uses about 25 gallons (about 94 liters) of water. Water is a very important resource, so using less of it to wash clothes is better for the environment. But one of the scientists at RMIT University knows more needs to be done.
"There's more work to do before we can start throwing out our washing machines," said Dr Rajesh Ramanathan, "but this is a strong foundation (基础)."
So what's the next step Ramanathan wants to either start selling the solution by itself or convincing (说服) clothing makers to treat the clothing with the solution while clothes are being made.
(1) How do the clothing with the nanostructures get cleaned
A．Cotton clothes wash easily.
B．This kind of clothing washes it by itself.
C．The dirt and stains are broken down in the sunlight.
D．Silver and copper help to get off the dirt in the dark.
(2) What do Paragraphs 4—5 talk about
A．What advantages the self-cleaning clothes have.
B．How the self-cleaning clothes work.
C．How the self-cleaning clothes are made.
D．What helps the self-cleaning clothes work.
(3) What does the underlined word "solution" in the last paragraph mean
A．Machines. B．Clothes. C．Silver. D．Design.
(4) What can we learn from the passage
A．Silver and copper sell well.
B．The solution is not put into practice.
C．Clothing makes certainly like the solution.
D．We don't need washing machines any more.
Eleven countries are building a great wall of trees across Africa. It is called the Great Green Wall. The aim is to bring life to the dry lands and help to fight the bad environment.
The wall is 8,000 kilometers long and 15 kilometers wide. It covers from Senegal in the west to Djibouti in the east, on the south of the Sahara Desert (撒哈拉沙漠). So far, Senegal has made the best progress by planting about 11.4 million trees.
Many years ago, there were few trees in that area and the winds used to be very strong. It was harmful to the fields. Also, there was little rain, so few plants could grow and many people went hungry. Since the tree planting project started, the trees have provided food for the local people and increased the wetness (湿度) of the air. Little by little, there appeared green fields for people to grow plants.
The project which began in 2007 is supposed to cost a total of 8 billion dollars. Many countries are trying their best to help to continue the planting. So we will be able to see the whole green wall across Africa in the near future!
(1) Why are the countries building the wall of trees
They want to bring life to the dry lands and help to .
(2) Where is the great wall of trees
It's of the Sahara Desert.
(3) Why couldn't many plants grow in that area many years ago
Because there were few trees, strong winds and .
(4) When did the project begin
It began .
(5) What does the passage mainly talk about
It mainly talks about in Africa.
（2021·天津河北区·模拟） Have you ever heard of Orbis Orbis is a group that helps blind people everywhere. It has built an eye hospital inside a plane and flown it all over the world with an international medical team. Samantha Graham, a fourteen-year-old schoolgirl from England, went with the plane to the Mongolian People's Republic. Samantha tells the story of Eukhtuul, a young Mongolian girl.
"Last year, when Eukhtuul was walking home from school, she was attacked (袭击) by boys with sticks and her eyes were badly hurt. Dr Duffey, an Orbis doctor, said that without an operation she would never see again. I thought about all the everyday things I do that she couldn't, things like reading schoolbooks, watching television, seeing friends, and I realised how fortunate I am."
"The Orbis team agreed to operate on Eukhtuul and was allowed to watch, together with some Mongolian medical students. 'Hopefully, the operation would be successful,' I said to myself. The next day I waited nervously with Eukhtuul while Dr Duffey took off her bandages (绷带). 'In six months your sight (视力) will be back to normal (正常),' he said. Eukhtuul smiled, her mother cried, and I cried too!"
"Now Eukhtuul wants to study hard to become a doctor. Her whole future has changed, thanks to the simple operation from Orbis."
(1) According to Paragraph 1, Orbis' eye hospital is a _____ hospital.
A．new B．big C．mobile D．private
(2) Eukhtuul's sight problem _____.
A．started last year B．started from birth
C．is a result of watching television D．is a result of a sudden illness
(3) The word "fortunate" in the second paragraph means "_____".
A．popular B．worried C．lucky D．hard-working
(4) Samantha cried because _____.
A．Eukhtuul gave her a smile
B．Eukhtuul's operation was a success
C．Dr Duffey would operate on Eukhtuul
D．she was allowed to watch Eukhtuul's operation
(5) What can we learn from the passage
A．The difficulties for blind travelers.
B．The best way of studying medicine.
C．The life of schoolchildren in Mongolia.
D．The international work of some eye doctors.
答案
1. (1) D (2) B (3) C (4) C
2. (1) C (2) A (3) A (4) C (5) B
3. (1) B (2) C (3) D (4) B
4. (1) F (2) B (3) D (4) G (5) A
5. (1) A (2) D (3) B (4) A (5) C
6. (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) B
7. (1) A (2) C (3) D (4) B (5) A (6) D
8. (1) B (2) D (3) A (4) D (5) C
9. (1) C (2) A (3) D (4) B
10. (1) fight the bad environment；stop the bad environment；prevent the bad environment
(2) from Senegal in the west to Djibouti in the east, on the south；on the south
(3) there was little rain；little rain
(4) in 2007
(5) the Great Green Wall；the tree planting project；planting trees；building a great green wall of trees；the project of planting trees；the project of the Great Green Wall；bringing life to the dry lands；environmental protection；protecting the environment；…
11. (1) C (2) A (3) C (4) B (5) D