2022年中考英语真题限时阅读系列 每日一练（5）—议论文（泛读+精读）（含答案解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022年中考真题限时练五
Today, most people in Western cultures expect to eat meals with their own set of silverware（银制餐具）, their own plates, and their own glasses. People use plates to hold their food and drink only from their own glasses. But Europeans didn’t always eat this way. In the 1500s, members of the ruling classes（统治阶级）used knives to cut meat. Since they hardly had their own plates and bowls, they would eat the slice of meat off the tip of the knife. They would use shared spoons to eat soup and would dip bread or their fingers into serving bowls of gravy. There were a few rules for eating behavior. It was considered impolite to taste something from a spoon if it was being passed down to another person. If you had a bone（骨头）left in your hand after eating a chicken leg, you were expected to throw it politely under the table. When some of the Europeans settled （定居） in the North America, they brought this eating style with them. While the new settlers were sharing cups and dipping their fingers into bowls of food, European royalty and nobility（皇室与贵族）were staring to increase their tableware. They were also developing manners to go with their new knives, forks, spoons, plates, and napkins. They started to think of sharing cups or plates as unclean and even impolite. Their new manners made them feel higher than the lower classes. By the 1700s, these new customs had spread to wealthy American settlers. As new landowners, they wanted to have a higher status（身份）than they would have had in Great Britain. They bought their own dishes and silverware and brought them to America. By the late 1800s, mealtime manners had changed for everyone. As the American middle class grew, they needed more tableware to show off their wealth. There was also a complex（复杂的）system of manners by this time. This new emphasis on behavior influenced every aspect of everyday life. And what about the 21st century Do our manners continue to become more complex Maybe yes, maybe no.1. Which of the following supports the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 A. They brought this eating style with them.B. They were starting to increase their tableware.C. They cut meat with knives and ate it with fingers.D. They were supposed to throw the bones under the table.2. Why did the wealthy American settlers buy silverware and dishes A. They wanted to show their higher status.B. They hated to share cups and plates again.C. They hoped to become members of royalty.D. They made more money in America than in Great Britain3. What’s the main idea of the passage A. Mealtime manners are developing all the time.B. Mealtime manners came from the North America.C. Mealtime manners include tableware and table manners.D. Mealtime manners nowadays are much simpler than before. 【词汇积累】settle v. 定居 status n. 地位,身份 complex adj. 复杂的,复合的 emphasis n. 强调,重要性词汇运用
从“词汇积累”中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式完成下列各题。1.The poet gives extra emphasis to the words.2.Later, man began to settle in the places where the food and water.3.The army is an extremely complex organism .4.Wealth in the virtual (虚拟的) world of games is a status symbol!【短语积累】a set of一套... passed down to传给【难句分析】1.It was considered impolite to taste something from a spoon if it was being passed down to another person. 分析：本句是一个以if引导的条件状语从句，从句是被动语态。主句句中, “to taste something from a spoon”是主句中的真正主语，“it”是形式主语，此句是一个被动语态。 “that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species”是宾语。
【汉语译文】今天，西方文化中的大多数人都希望用自己的一套银器（银制餐具）、自己的盘子和自己的眼镜来吃饭。人们用盘子来装食物，只用自己的杯子喝饮料。但欧洲人并不总是这样吃的。在15世纪，统治阶级（统治阶级）的成员用刀来切肉。因为他们几乎没有自己的盘子和碗，他们会吃刀尖的肉。他们会用共用的勺子吃汤，把面包或手指蘸进肉汁里。关于饮食行为有一些规则。如果勺子里的东西被传给别人，就被认为是不礼貌的。如果你吃了一条鸡腿后，手里还剩下一根骨头（骨头），你就应该礼貌地把它扔到桌子底下。当一些欧洲人在北美定居（定居）时，他们也带来了这种饮食方式。当新定居者分享杯子，用手指蘸着碗里食物时，欧洲皇室和贵族（皇室与贵族）正盯着增加他们的餐具。他们也在发展使用新刀、叉、勺子、盘子和餐巾纸的习惯。他们开始认为共用一个杯子或盘子是不干净的，甚至是不礼貌的。他们的新举止使他们感觉比下层阶级更高。到了18世纪，这些新的习俗已经传播到了富有的美国定居者身上。作为新的地主，他们想要拥有一个比他们在英国更高的地位（身份）。他们买了自己的盘子和银器，然后带到了美国。到了19世纪末，每个人的用餐方式都发生了变化。随着美国中产阶级的成长，他们需要更多的餐具来炫耀他们的财富。那时也有一个复杂的（复杂的）礼仪系统。这种对行为的新强调影响了日常生活的各个方面。那21世纪呢？我们的举止会继续变得更加复杂吗？也许是，也许不是。更加复杂吗？也许是，也许不是。 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A【解析】本文主要介绍了西方用餐礼仪的发展历程。【1题详解】推理判断题。“There were a few rules for eating behavior”表示“饮食行为有一些规则”，下文的举例“If you had a bone（骨头）left in your hand after eating a chicken leg, you were expected to throw it politely under the table”是验证了这一句话，把骨头扔在桌底是属于其中一个饮食规则，故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“As new landowners, they wanted to have a higher status（身份）than they would have had in Great Britain. They bought their own dishes and silverware and brought them to America”可知，因为他们想要显示他们更高的地位，故选A。【3题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了西方用餐礼仪的发展历程，故选A。