(共15张PPT)
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Learning About Language
表语从句
【情境探究】
观察下面句子, 并用适当的连词填空
(1)One theory was ____bad air caused the disease.
(2)The other was ____cholera was caused by infection from germs in food or water.
(3)The truth was ____the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by
waste.
(4)What John Snow showed to the world was ____cholera could be overcome.
that
that
that
how
【要义详析】
一、概念
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句, 叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后, 用来说
明主语的身份或特征。
二、连接词的用法
1. that引导的表语从句。
用法: ①无意义 ②不充当句子成分 ③不可省略
*(2021·全国乙卷) The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves
from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.
问题可能是, 在我们的办公室里, 当我们试图集中注意力时, 我们无法阻止自己
卷入别人的谈话中。
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)(2020 全国Ⅱ卷) The good news is ____it’s simple to learn and can be worth the
effort.
(2)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) The bottom line is ____I shouldn’t lie to my kids.
(3)The question is _______technology is going to be our servant or our master.
(4) All I know is _____I read in the papers.
(5) This is ______I don’t agree with you.
that
that
whether
what
where
三、注意事项
1. why和because引导的表语从句的区别。
*I didn’t phone her, and that’s why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话。那就是她生我气的原因。
(强调她生气的这一结果)
*I didn’t phone her, and that’s because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话, 那是因为我生她的气了。
(强调没打电话的原因)
That’s why. . . 意为“那是……的原因”, 强调结果
That’s because . . . 意为“那是因为……”, 强调原因
3. 表语从句中的虚拟语气。
在表语从句中, 表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等, 主句中的主语通常是: advice, suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea等, 从句谓语形式是“should+动词原形”(should可以省略, 但不可换成would)。
*My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早出发。
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. This is ____I had a few days off.
(2)He was late today. This is _______he got up late.
(3)The reason why we didn’t go was ____we were not informed of the information.
(4)My proposal is ____you (should) arrange your assistant to this project.
why
because
that
that
【语法主题应用】
使用本单元所学语法知识(表语从句)翻译下面的语段:
好消息是我们学校要去露营。由于最近的糟糕天气, 问题是我们什么时候
动身。学生们关心的是我们去哪里露营。那是因为我们想去一个风景美丽的地
方。我的建议是我们去附近的峡谷。原因是交通非常方便。最吸引人的是那里
有很多名胜。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
The good news is that our school will go camping. Due to bad weather recently, the problem is when we will set off. Students’ concern is where we will camp. That’s because we want to go to a place with beautiful scenery. My suggestion is that we should go to the valley nearby. The reason is that the traffic is convenient. What’s the most attractive is that there are many famous places of interest.(共24张PPT)
二 Unit 1 Learning About Language
【语用训练】
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. She explained the ________(想法) behind the campaign.
2. Too much _______(蛋白质) in the diet may advance the ageing process.
3. He escaped by sawing through the bars of his ___(牢房).
4. So far they have not found a way to fight the _____(病毒).
5. One of the main _______(发现) of the survey is that this chemical does harm to
people’s health.
6. My ______(最初的)reaction was to decline the offer.
thinking
protein
cell
virus
findings
initial
7. Researchers around the world are working together to develop a new _______(疫
苗).
8. The construction of this __________(框架) took only a few minutes.
9. He believes only __________(理论的) science can create miracles.
10. The snow had melted, but the lake was still frozen _____(坚实的).
vaccine
framework
theoretical
solid
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. The trouble is ____I have lost his address.
2. The question is _______I should go to the cinema with him, or go shopping with
her.
3. That was _____she did this morning on her way to the station.
4. He was injured by a car this morning. This is ____he was absent from school.
6. The question is ____ we can get in touch with him.
that
whether
what
why
because
how
7. His suggestion is that another meeting ______________(hold) to discuss the
problem.
8. The impression he makes on me is ____he is a reliable person.
10. The problem is ____is really fit for the hard job.
(should) be held
that
that
who
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
(2021·济宁高二检测)
British chemist David Evans has become an overnight celebrity on Chinese social media. His chemistry experiments have attracted over 2 million followers in just a few months. Evans is a chemistry professor at the Beijing University of Chemical Technology. The 60-year-old man always wears a white lab coat, a pair of safety goggles(护目镜), and smiles often. Some web users say he looks just like the “grandpa of KFC”.
Evans has posted videos of various experiments. His most popular experiments
have attracted millions of hits on video-sharing apps. Excited children’s cheers and
shouts can be heard in his videos. “I hope my experiments can arouse people’s
interest in science, ” he says.
Evans has been interested in China since childhood. In the early 1970s, before
the reform and opening-up, he viewed it as “a country full of mysteries”. He first
visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing,
Jiangsu Province. He quit his job in the United Kingdom and moved to Beijing in
1996. Many of his friends thought he was crazy. But Evans said they just saw
China’s challenges but not its potential.
Since 2011, Evans has turned to the Internet to popularize science. He learned
short-video apps are also popular in small cities and rural areas. And he realized this
enables him to reach more students, who lack opportunities to perform fun
experiments. But even a one-minute video requires a considerable amount of work.
Still, he thinks it’s worth it to fulfill his responsibility to popularize science.
His experiments always fill schools’ lecture halls with laughter. Some viewers
call him “a Harry Potter-like magician”, but he disagrees. “A magician never tells
the secrets behind his tricks, but a scientist always gives an explanation. ” He sees
himself as a teacher. He performs experiments to spread knowledge, inspire
thinking, remove misunderstandings and show that science can create change. Evans says he looks forward to more “chemical reactions” with China.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位移居中国, 并且在网上发布化学实验短视频的英国化学家在中国的一些事迹。
1. Who is David Evans according to the passage
A. A film celebrity.
B. A chemistry teacher.
C. A manager of KFC.
D. A British magician.
【解析】B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Evans is a chemistry professor at the Beijing University of Chemical Technology. ”(Evans是北京化工大学的化学教授。)可知, David Evans是一位化学老师。故选B。
2. Why did Evans begin to post videos of experiments on the Internet
A. To popularize science.
B. To rise to fame.
C. To apply short-video apps.
D. To make a fortune.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句自2011年以来, 埃文斯开始通过互联网普及科学。以及第四段最后一句他认为履行普及科学的责任是值得的。可知, 埃文斯开始在互联网上发布实验视频, 是为了普及科学。故选A。
3. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3
A. Evans considered the UK to be a country full of mysteries.
B. Evans first visited Chinese mainland in his childhood.
C. Evans went to China for a chemistry meeting in 1987.
D. Evans moved to Beijing with the support of his friends.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句可知他第一次访问中国大陆是在1987年, 在江苏省南京市参加一个化学会议。故选C。
4. What can we infer from the passage
A. Evans knows exactly how a magic works.
B. Evans is a serious scientist and barely smiles.
C. Evans will continue to post videos of experiments in China.
D. Evans’ students like to interrupt his experiments with laughter.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章第二段前两句埃文斯上传了各种实验的视频。他最受欢迎的实验已经在视频分享应用程序上吸引了数百万点击量。以及最后一段最后一句埃文斯说, 他期待与中国发生更多的“化学反应”。可知, 他将继续发布更多的实验视频。故选C。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2021·盐城高二检测)
The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came a great shock to the whole world. To his family, he was “a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy(遗赠)will 1 for many years”.
His parents, both Oxford graduates, placed a high 2 on education and family members were often seen reading books at dinner. 3 known at school as “Einstein”, Hawking was not 4 successful academically. With time, he began to show talents for scientific subjects and decided to read 5 at university. As mathematics was not 6 at Oxford then, Hawking chose physics instead.
Diagnosed with a rare motor neurone disease, Hawking eventually 7 a
wheelchair. Though shocked and bitter, Hawking continued his work in physics
8 . After the loss of his 9 , he communicated through a speech-generating
device, which 10 him to produce A Brief History of Time with the help of an
assistant.
Hawking once 11 how he felt when first informed of his disease, 12
that he would never realize his potential. “But now, 50 years later, I can’t be more
13 my life, ” he said.
Hawking also gained popularity 14 the academic world and appeared in
several TV shows. He was featured in the film The Theory of Everything, which 15 his rise to fame and relationship with his first wife, Jane.
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记类的记叙文, 介绍了传奇物理学家霍金的伟大成就以及人们对他的高度评价。激励人们向他学习, 战胜困难取得成功。
1. A. live on B. hold on
C. hang on D. catch on
【解析】选A。霍金的遗赠会继续存在很长时间。live on以……为生, 继续存在,
活下去; hold on坚持, 继续拥有; hang on握住不放; catch on理解, 明白, 变得流
行。故选A项。
2. A. evaluation B. request
C. value D. standard
【解析】选C。霍金的父母高度重视教育。evaluation评价, 评估; request要求,
请求; value价值, 重要性; standard标准。短语place a high value on高度重视。故
选C项。
3. A. Unless B. When
C. Although D. Because
【解析】选C。尽管在学校被称为“爱因斯坦”, 但是霍金起初在学习上并不成
功。上下文之间是转折关系, 所以使用连词although引导让步状语从句。故选C
项。
4. A. necessarily B. completely
C. particularly D. initially
【解析】选D。尽管在学校被称为“爱因斯坦”, 但是霍金起初在学习上并不成
功。necessarily必要地; completely完全地; particularly尤其, 特别; initially起初,
最初。故选D项。
5. A. physics B. mathematics
C. science D. chemistry
【解析】选A。根据后句Hawking chose physics instead可知霍金后来选择了物
理学。根据常识可知霍金是一名伟大的物理学家。故选A项。
6. A. awesome B. available
C. admirable D. alternative
【解析】选B。那时的牛津大学并没有数学学科, 所以他选择了物理。awesome
令人敬畏的, 可怕的, 极好的; available可利用的, 可得到的; admirable令人羡慕
的; alternative可供选择的。故选B项。
7. A. brought in B. resulted in
C. ended in D. put forward
【解析】选C。被诊断为罕见的运动神经疾病, 霍金最终坐上了轮椅。 brought
in带来, 引进; resulted in导致; ended in以……结束; put forward提出。故选C
项。
8. A. regardless B. otherwise
C. indeed D. furthermore
【解析】选A。尽管很震惊, 也很痛苦, 但霍金继续物理方面的研究工作。
regardless不管, 不顾; otherwise否则, 要不然; indeed实际上; furthermore而且。
故选A项。
9. A. movement B. speech
C. sense D. writing
【解析】选B。根据后句“he communicated through a speech-generating device”可
知他通过发声装置与他人交流, 说明他丧失了语言能力。故选B项。
10. A. allowed B. forced
C. encouraged D. got
【解析】选A。这台装置让他在助手的帮助下完成了《时间简史》。allowed允
许, 让; forced强迫, 迫使; encouraged鼓励; got得到, 理解。故选A项。
11. A. recalled B. fancied
C. addressed D. commented
【解析】选A。霍金回忆了刚刚得知患病消息时的情景。 recalled回忆; fancied
幻想; addressed处理; commented评论。故选A项。
12. A. declaring B. assuming
C. insisting D. arguing
【解析】选B。当霍金得知自己患病的时候, 认为自己无法实现自己的梦想。
本句表示霍金当时对人生的看法。 declaring宣布; assuming认为; insisting坚持;
arguing争论, 辩论。故选B项。
13. A. cautious of B. strict with
C. satisfied with D. fed up with
【解析】选C。本句中can’t和比较级连用表示最高级的含义, 表示霍金对自己
的成就非常满意。be cautious of小心的, 谨慎的; be strict with对……严格; be
satisfied with对……满足; be fed up with厌恶。故选C项。
14. A. within B. around
C. towards D. outside
【解析】选D。根据后句appeared in several TV shows(出现在几个电视节目中)
可知在学术界之外, 霍金也很受欢迎。故选D项。
15. A. analyzed B. confirmed
C. charted D. traced
【解析】选C。这部电影记录了霍金声名鹊起以及和他第一任妻子Jane的关系。 analyzed分析; confirmed确认; chart vt. 记录 n. 图表; traced追踪。故选C项。(共70张PPT)
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Reading and Thinking
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境写出正确的单词
1. cause ______ _________ 引起严重的腹泻
2. become__________ 变得沮丧
3. two ____________theories 两种相互矛盾的理论
4. an ________from ______ 感染了细菌
5. need _____ 需要证据
6. ________deaths 很多人死亡
7. many poor __________ 很多贫困家庭
8. _______him of theft 怀疑他盗窃
severe
diarrhoea
frustrated
contradictory
infection
germs
proof
multiple
households
suspect
9. through this ___________ 通过这种干预
10. ____waste 未经处理的废弃物
11. _____water 纯净水
12. a __________ ________ 大幅降低
13. use of maps and ________ 地图和统计数据的使用
14. _________the way 改变方式
intervention
raw
pure
substantial
decrease
statistics
transform
Ⅱ. 根据语境选择恰当的介、副词填空
1. Many of the local children have died _____the disease.
2. They moved to a larger farm and __time made it over to Francis.
3. If we do not attend __the problem, it will certainly grow.
4. The problem must be solved once and ___all, without leaving any loose end.
5. She had a confused idea of life __general.
6. The government tried to find ___how the disaster happened.
7. ___a result, the bad thing has been turned into a good one.
8. Thanks __mobile libraries, these people can still borrow books.
from
in
to
for
in
out
As
to
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was ________(非
常严重) that more than 500 people died in ten days.
2. _____________(似乎)the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she
______________(让人送水)to her house every day.
3. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed ______(为了)it could not be
used.
因此, 他把水泵的把手拿掉了, 使它不能再用。
so severe
It seemed that
had it delivered
so that
4. The people who drank this water were much more _______(很可能) get cholera
than those who drank pure or boiled water.
5. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed _______________
_____________(科学家研究疾病的方式).
likely to
the way scientists
study diseases
【构词规律】
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1. –ion 常用于动词之后构成名词。
infect v. →infection n. 感染
select v. →________n. 挑选
elect v. →_______n. 选举
collect v. →_________n. 收集
selection
election
collection
2. v. +to构成动词短语, 在句中作谓语。
subscribe to同意; 赞同
______to反对
______to 承认
_________to对……作贡献, 有助于
object
admit
contribute
阅读精析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
【寻技巧·提能力】
记叙文的特点:
(1)英语记叙文以叙述描写为主, 主要叙述人物、事件、地点或过程。
(2)记叙文的特点:
①通常情况下, 记叙文的主题往往潜伏在字里行间, 不直接地表达出来; 文章主
旨要通过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。根据本文的标题John Snow
Defeats King Cholera, 可知本文的主题。
②叙述过程大多按时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序来展开。本文是按照约
翰·斯诺战胜霍乱王的过程展开的。
③高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解题为主。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法, 快速抓住文中叙述的主要内容, 从整体上去把握文章, 进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。通过略读, 了解约翰·斯诺进行研究的过程。
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)According to John Snow’s view, .
A. Queen Victoria suffered a lot from bad health
B. a cure had been found for cholera before his time
C. cholera’s cause had to be discovered in order to control it
D. thousands of terrified people knew what they should do
(2)Which of the following theories did John Snow believe
A. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.
B. People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
C. People got infected with cholera because of polluted air.
D. People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.
(3)After he made further investigations, John Snow found .
A. cholera multiplied in the air
B. people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals
C. the water from the polluted river was to blame
D. flies spread the disease
(4)How did John Snow find out the cause of the disease
A. By living in the area where cholera broke out.
B. By marking a map where all the dead people had lived.
C. By telling the terrified people how to prevent it.
D. By saving the dying people suffering from cholera.
(5)How was “King Cholera” defeated
A. By not polluting the river again.
B. By eating healthy diets.
C. By delivering the water from other rivers.
D. By stopping drinking the polluted water.
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
The cholera’s severity and John Snow’s desire This illness causes (1) ______diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.
As a young doctor, John Snow never lost his (2)______ to destroy cholera.
The two (3)____________ theories about cholera One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an (4)________ from germs in food or water. John Snow agreed to the latter.
John Snow’s
process for
stopping cholera John Snow started his investigation by locating the exact places and stopped the disease in its tracks by (5)_________ the handle of the pump.
severe
desire
contradictory
infection
removing
The causes of cholera The main reason was that the water polluted by (6)_____ was sold by water companies to people who drank this water.
John Snow’s achievement and influence on the future Cholera is a problem but can be (7)_________ due to John Snow.
John Snow changed the way scientists study (8)_______.
John Snow is regarded as the father of modern epidemiology.
waste
prevented
diseases
3. Long sentence analysis.
(1)Cholera(主语) used to be (谓语)one of the most feared diseases in the world,
until a British doctor, John Snow, showed (how it could be overcome)(宾语从句).
(时间状语)
译文: 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一, _____________________________
_________。
(2) As a young doctor(状语), John Snow (主语)became frustrated(谓语) because no
one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(原因状语).
译文: 作为一名年轻的医生, 约翰·斯诺变得沮丧, ___________________________
_______。
直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如
何攻克它
因为没有人知道如何预防或治
疗霍乱
(3)In time(状语), he(主语)rose(谓语) to become a famous doctor, and even
attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth(时间状语).
译文: 最终, 他成了名医, _________________________还照料过她。
(4)Snow (主语)began(谓语) by marking on a map the exact places where all those
(who died)(定语从句) had lived(定语从句).
译文: 斯诺首先在地图上标出了_____________________准确地点。
甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时
所有死者曾经生活过的
Task 3 阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. How did Snow defeat cholera (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)
_______________________________________
___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______
__________________________________________________________________
_________________
____________________________________________________________.
Firstly, he subscribed to the second theory.
Secondly, he began to investigate to collect proof.
Thirdly, he marked on a map the exact places where people who died had
lived.
Fourthly, he looked into the source of the water and found that it came from
the polluted river.
Finally, the source of water was examined and cholera was controlled
2. What do John Snow and Zhong Nanshan have in common (Critical Thinking批
判性思维)
____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
3. What can we learn from Snow when facing epidemic (Creative Thinking创造性
思维)
__________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
They are wise and resolute to overcome difficulties by using scientific methods.
They treat the sick with love and kindness.
When facing an epidemic, we should find the cause of it, cut off the
transmission route of the virus, develop vaccines and find the cure for it.
要点精研·探究学习
【要点精研·探究学习】
1. frustrated adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的
*The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.
恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。
*Several more days went by and the youth’s feelings of frustration increased.
几天过去了, 年轻人的挫折感更强了。
*He found that watching the movie was frustrating because the ending was so bad.
他发现看这部电影是令人沮丧的, 因为结局太悲伤了。
【导图理词】 feel frustrated at/with 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
【小词汇·大文化】
When you are cool, poised and frustrated. 得意时淡然, 失意时泰然。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)My camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I
grew _________(frustrate).
(2)Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and __________(frustrate)
experience.
(3)I was close to tears with __________(frustrate), but I held back.
frustrated
frustrating
frustration
2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期交纳(会费)
*Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种理论。
【词块积累】
(1)subscribe to 同意, 赞同; 订购
(2)subscriber n. 订阅人, 订购者; 定期捐款者
【名师点津】
subscribe to意为“同意, 赞成”时, to为介词, 后常跟view, belief, theory等名词作宾语。
【巧学助记】
Our monitor put forward a suggestion that our class should subscribe to some magazines and the head teacher subscribed to his suggestion.
我们班长提出了我们应该订购一些杂志的建议, 班主任同意了他的建议。
【即学活用】
(1)My main reason ________________New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances
in science.
我订阅《新科学家》主要是为了了解科学的最新进展。
(2)Write away now for the free album offered to ___________________.
请速来信订阅, 每位新订阅者可获取免费画册一本。
for subscribing to
every new subscriber
3. suspect vt. &vi. 怀疑; 疑有; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象
*(2020·天津高考)He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.
他拿出一个特殊的装置, 指向嫌疑人, 然后把它打开。
*Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。
*They all suspected the man with a moustache to be a player.
他们都猜测留着胡子的那个人是个运动员。
【词块积累】
(1)suspect that. . . 怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
suspect sb. to be. . . 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
(2)a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯
the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人
【熟词生义】
Some of the proof they produced was highly suspect.
他们出示的证据中有些相当不可靠。( )
adj. 不可靠的
【名师点津】
有些单词词性不同, 发音不同。作名词时重音在前, 作动词时重音在后, 即
“名前动后”。
【小词汇·大文化】
The suspect is not used, not doubt. 疑则勿用, 用则不疑。
【即学活用】语法填空
committing
suspected
to be
suspected
4. blame vt. 把……归咎于; 责怪; 指责 n. 责备; 指责
*She doesn’t blame anyone for her father’s injury.
她没把她父亲的受伤归咎于任何人。
*Police blamed the accident on dangerous driving.
警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。
*The institute will have to take the blame for the wrong statistics.
这个机构将不得不对错误的统计数字负责。
【词块积累】
(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人
blame sth. on. . . 把某事归咎于……
be to blame(for sth. ) (对某事)负有责任
(2)take the blame for 对……承担责任
put/lay/place the blame for sth. on. . . 把某事归咎于……
【小词汇·大文化】
Bad workmen often blame their tools. 拙匠常怪工具差。(比喻一个人水平不足, 却要怪别的、外界的、客观的因素。)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Tom’s colleague blamed the failure of the business talk ___him.
= Tom’s colleague blamed him ___the failure of the business talk.
on
for
to blame
5. link n. 联系; 纽带 vt. 把……连接起来; 相关联
*Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外, 斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。
*There is convincing proof that skin cancer is linked to exposure to the sun.
有充分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。
【词块积累】
(1)a link between. . . (and. . . ) ……(和……)之间的连接(联系)
(2)link A to/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来
link up (with sb. /sth. ) (与某人/某物)连接, 结合
be linked to/with. . . 与……有联系/有关
【知识延伸】
表示“将……和……连接起来”的短语还有:
connect. . . with/to. . . ; join. . . to
【熟词生义】
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young
man out of the water. ( )
我和一个指导员手挽手, 帮忙把那个年轻人抬出了水面。
link vt. 挽住
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Police suspected there may be a link _______the two murders.
(2)The video cameras are ______(link)to a powerful computer.
(3)The Channel Tunnel links Britain _______ the rest of Europe.
(4)The relationships you are developing now will probably ________(link)to the
ones you value later.
between
linked
with/to
be linked
6. decrease n. 减少; 降低; 减少量 vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少; 减小; 降低
*Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the
threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
通过斯诺的不懈努力, 供水公司开始销售清洁水, 世界各地的霍乱威胁也大幅减
少了。
*There has been a decrease in traffic accidents.
交通事故减少了。
*The charge for transportation is on the decrease because of lower fuel costs.
由于更低的燃料花费, 运输费用在降低。
【词块积累】
(1)decrease(from. . . )to (从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)
decrease by 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decrease in 在……方面减少
(2)a decrease in. . . ……的减少
on the decrease 在减少
【知识延伸】
【小词汇·大文化】
People who don’t want to climb tend to decrease.
不想往上爬的人容易往下降。
【即学活用】根据语境用适当的介词填空
(2)The sales of this product have decreased _____five million __three million.
(3)A local newspaper remarks that crime is ___the decrease.
by
from
to
on
7. thanks to幸亏, 由于
*Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
幸运的是, 由于约翰·斯诺的工作, 我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。
【知识延伸】
表示“因为, 由于”的其他短语:
【即学活用】语法填空
(1) ______(owe)to the help from his comrades, he has made rapid progress.
(2)Thanks __his help, I finished my work on time.
(3)His school work is suffering because __family problems.
(4)On account __his illness, he was never left alone.
Owing
to
of
of
8. transform vt. 使改观; 使改变形态 vi. 改变; 转变
*A new colour scheme will transform your bedroom.
新的色彩调配将使你的卧室焕然一新。
*(2020·浙江高考)I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and
transform them into something new and useful.
我学到了很多关于如何延伸事物的生命并将它们转化为新的和有用的东西。
*China’s plan to transform Hainan into a free trade port is expected to spur local
consumption and enhance competitiveness of duty-free products.
中国计划把海南变成自由贸易港的方案有望刺激当地消费, 提高免税产品的竞
争力。
【词块积累】
transform. . . into. . . 把……变成……
transformation n. 改变; 改观
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The magician transformed the handkerchief ____a bird.
(2)There was a noticeable _____________(transform) in his appearance.
(3)Life in Britain _______________(transform) by the appearance of the steam
engine in the past.
into
transformation
was transformed
9. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that
more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现在两个街道上霍乱传播得如此厉害,
以至于10天之内就有500多人失去了生命。
【句式解构】
(1)so. . . that. . . 意为“如此……以至于……”, 引导结果状语从句, 此结构中so为
副词, 后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为:
(2)such. . . that作“如此……以至于”, 连接一个表示结果的状语从句时, 与so. . . that意思相同, 但用法不同。such后边要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词, 也可以不带), such. . . that的句型结构可分以下三种:
(3)当so或such位于句首时, 主句应用部分倒装形式。
*(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
食物如此美味, 你不需要吃太多就能感到高兴。
【名师点津】
(1)so. . . that引导结果状语从句
(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句, 也可引导结果状语从句。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①(2020·天津高考) It produces a deafening sound __painful that it temporarily
disables a person.
②There were __many cars on the road that I couldn’t get through.
③This is ____an abstract problem that none can understand it without effort.
so
so
such
(2)一句多译
她是一个如此聪明的姑娘, 我们都喜欢她。
①She is ___________________we all like her. (so. . . that)
②She is _____________________we all like her. (such. . . that)
③________________________we all like her. (so. . . that倒装)
④__________________________we all like her. (such. . . that倒装)
so brilliant a girl that
such a brilliant girl that
So brilliant a girl is she that
Such a brilliant girl is she that
【要点拾遗】
1. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的, 不一致的
*In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how
cholera spread.
总的来说, 当时的医生对霍乱是如何传播的有两种相互矛盾的解释。
*(2018·江苏高考)But the information I got was rich and varied, or even
contradictory.
但是我获得的信息是丰富的、多样的甚至相反的。
【词块积累】
be contradictory to 与……矛盾/对立
【即学活用】
(1)The witness to the accident provided some _________________.
这起事故的目击者提供了一些相互矛盾的证据。
(2)The two issues are closely related, but ______________each other as well.
这两个问题息息相关, 却又互相矛盾。
contradictory proof
contradictory to
2. handle n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 vt. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
*Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
因此, 他把水泵的把手拿掉了, 这样水泵就不能用了。
*The police are expert at handling situations like this.
警察处理这类情况很内行。
*The pilot knows how to handle a plane.
飞行员知道如何操作飞机。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)They have the confidence and ability ________(handle) the important matter
well.
(2)The salesgirl is very good at ________(handle) difficult customers, which pleases
the manager very much.
to handle
handling
3. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists
study diseases.
此外, 斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
【句式解构】
本句是主从复合句。scientists study diseases是定语从句, 修饰 the way, 从句省略
了关系词 that 或 in which。
*You could tell she was foreign by the way she dressed.
从她的穿着就可以看出她是外国人。
*5G will surely change the way people work and live.
5G将会改变人们的工作和生活方式。
【名师点津】
(1)way表示“方式; 方法”时, 其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句, 也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉, 此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时, 如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语, 则用关系代词that/which, 作宾语时还可以省略。
(3)way表示“方式; 方法”时, 其后还可接不定式或of doing sth. 的形式。
【即学活用】
(1)However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in _____________
_____.
然而, 在电视和收音机里你会听到人们说话方式的不同。
(2)Something that happens in your daily life will change ____________________
______and the people in it.
日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世人的方式。
the way people
speak
the way you look at the
world
【拓视野·观天下】
1. Republic of Korea’s population fell year-on-year for the first time in 2020, census data showed Sunday, with a record low number of births getting surpassed by deaths to cause a natural decrease.
周日公布的人口普查数据显示, 2020年韩国首次出现人口负增长, 死亡人口数超过新生人口数, 新生人口数创历史新低。
2. Up to 85 percent of the Chinese population will subscribe to mobile services by 2025, while 88 percent of those subscribers will have smartphones.
到2025年, 高达85%的中国人口将订阅移动服务, 而其中88%的用户将拥有智能手机。
3. More than 90 percent of China’s energy is supplied by state-owned enterprises. They need to transform from traditional energy to new energy.
中国90%以上的能源由国有企业供应。他们需要从传统能源转变为新能源。(共43张PPT)
一 Unit 1 Reading and Thinking
【语用训练】
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. If untreated, the illness can become ______(严重的).
2. I have two ____________(相互矛盾的) responses to that question.
3. John brought the absolute _____(证据) that we needed.
4. In the rainforest, we have ________(多种多样的)plants and wild animals.
5. There was no water in the building, just a ______(水泵)in the courtyard.
6. Many _________(家用的)products are potentially harmful.
7. The drug is _________(怀疑)of causing over 200 deaths.
severe
contradictory
proof
multiple
pump
household
suspected
8. We can ______(处理)up to 500 calls an hour at our new offices.
9. It is said that drinking much _____(纯净的) water is good for health.
10. People should ________(减少) the amount of fat they eat.
handle
pure
decrease
Ⅱ. 选词填空
once and for all, subscribe to, be to blame, thanks to, die from, in time, attend to,
in general, find out, as a result of
1. He might get there ______, but I can’t be sure.
2. _________the wife’s care, his health has really picked up.
3. ____________his carelessness, he made a severe mistake.
4. After the accident, the main thing is to ________the injured.
5. We have to handle this matter ______________to avoid trouble.
6. The report reveals that human fault ____________for the accident.
in time
Thanks to
As a result of
attend to
once and for all
was to blame
7. I want you to do everything you can to _______who is responsible.
8. If you ___________this newspaper, you’ll get an extra magazine.
9. Forty thousand children ________the infection of this kind of germs a day.
10. _________, the people who take regular exercise are healthier than those who
don’t.
find out
subscribe to
die from
In general
Ⅲ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文
1. 2020年, 全球突然爆发了(break out)新冠肺炎疫情。
2. 形势非常严峻(severe), 以至于住户(household)不能外出, 只能待在家里。
3. 有证据(proof)表明这种病毒是可以人传染人的。
4. 根据统计(statistics), 全球一亿多人被感染(infect)新冠肺炎。
5. 多亏了(thanks to)无数优秀的科学家们, 一些国家的疫情得到了有效控制。
6. 人们同意(subscribe to)这个观点: 这种病毒是人类共同的敌人, 不能责备
(blame)任何一个国家。
7. 所有的国家都应该转变(transform )态度, 团结起来, 共同抗击疫情。
In 2020, COVID-19 broke out in the whole world. The situation was so severe
that households couldn’t go out and had to stay at home. There is a proof that the
virus can pass from person to person. According to the statistics, more than 100
million people have been infected with COVID-19. Thanks to numerous
outstanding scientists, the epidemic has been effectively controlled in some
countries. People subscribe to the opinion that the virus is the enemy of human
beings and no country can be blamed. All countries should transform their attitude
and work together to fight with the epidemic.
完成句子
1. The song sounds ___________I want to listen to it again and again. (so. . .
that结构)
这首歌曲听起来如此优美, 以至于我想一遍又一遍地听。
2. Tom is going to ________________________this afternoon. (have+宾语+过去分
词)
汤姆打算今天下午修理他的电脑。
3. Her parents made sacrifices _______________have a good education. (so that)
为了让她受到良好的教育, 她的父母做了很多牺牲。
so sweet that
have his computer repaired
so that she could
4. It is obvious that it can enhance people’s consciousness of health, but it is more
_______________over-anxiety. (be likely to)
很明显, 它可以提高人们的健康意识, 但更有可能导致焦虑过度。
5. _________________Tom speaks to his parents. (the way作先行词)
我不喜欢汤姆同他的父母说话的方式。
likely to result in
I don’t like the way
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2021·丽江高二检测)
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may
not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies
listed below, who do you think was the most important woman
of the past 100 years
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.
Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of
community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for
people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the
Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907-1964)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist
today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the danger of
pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes
and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School
in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She
became an Arizona state senator (参议员) in 1981, the first woman to join the US
Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during
her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913-2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks did not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in. ” said Parks.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位伟大又有影响力的女性, 以及她们在各自领域的成就。
1. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm
A. Her lack of proper training in law.
B. Her little work experience in court.
C. The discrimination against women.
D. The poor financial conditions.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Sandra Day O’Connor部分的第一句可知, 因为是女性, 她在律师事务所找不到工作。由此可知, 桑德拉 戴 奥康纳被律师公司拒绝是因为对妇女的歧视。故选C。
2. Who made a great contribution to the equal rights of the citizens
A. Jane Addams.
B. Rachel Carson.
C. Sandra Day O’Connor.
D. Rosa Parks.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks部分可知, 罗莎·帕克斯没有在公共汽车上给白人乘客让座。她的简单行为使自己进了监狱。但这也引发了蒙哥马利的公车抵制运动。它持续了一年多, 拉开了民权运动的序幕。由此可知, 罗莎 帕克斯对美国民权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
3. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text
A. They are highly educated.
B. They are truly creative.
C. They are pioneers.
D. They are peace-lovers.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章内容可知: 珍妮 亚当斯是第一个获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性; 雷切尔 卡森的作品《寂静的春天》提高了人们对污染的危险性和化学物质对人类和世界湖泊和海洋的危害性的认识; 桑德拉 戴 奥康纳是美国首位联邦最高法院女法官; 罗莎 帕克斯在公共汽车上拒绝为白人让座, 拉开了民权运动的序幕。由此推知, 文中提到的几位女性都是先锋人物。故选C。
B
(2021·丽江高二检测)
He Zehui, a Chinese nuclear physicist, accomplished great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist.
Her family is famous for producing three famous women scientists, including her two sisters. She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang—China’s “father of the atomic bomb”. In 1940, she earned a Ph. D. in Engineering.
The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission(铀核裂变),
which drew global attention and earned them worldwide reputations, also marking a
milestone in the development of China’s experimental fission physics. Many
Western media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”.
As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China, Professor
He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics. During the 1950s, she started the
research and development of nuclear emulsions(核乳胶)in China and their research
reached the advanced world level at that time. He and her research group took the
lead in building China’s first nuclear reactor and accelerator. She was awarded the
first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding
achievements in supporting the national program of nuclear weapon development.
Throughout her career, He conquered many obstacles, and was always on the
front lines of China’s science-related work. She published dozens of papers yet
placed little value on personal fame. The world’s top physicists recognized He as a
famous scientist—“ Chinese Madame Curie”.
He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97, nearly 20 years after Qian
Sanqiang. She dedicated herself to science, living a simple life, always nurturing
young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued.
She loved her country and science; to both she is now an icon.
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了“中国的居里夫人”何泽慧及其成就。
4. What is the focus of Paragraph 2 about He Zehui
A. Identity background.
B. Character personalities.
C. Education experiences.
D. Profession competence.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据文章第二段介绍了何泽慧毕业于清华大学物理系, 随后进入柏林工业大学学习……1940年, 她获得了工程学博士学位。可知, 本段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历。故选C。
5. What do we know about Qian Sanqiang
A. He died following his wife in 1991.
B. He won the National Prize of Natural Sciences.
C. He assisted He Zehui to develop fission physics.
D. He is also a remarkable Chinese scientist.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段后半部分(她的成绩超越了她未来的丈夫、中国的“原子弹之父”钱三强, 成为班上的第一名。)和第三段介绍的夫妻俩的成就可知, 其丈夫钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家。故选D。
6. Why is He Zehui acknowledged as “The Chinese Marie Curie”
A. For her great contributions to nuclear physics.
B. For her accomplishment in the atomic bomb.
C. For her continuous achievements in natural science.
D. For her research of nuclear emulsions.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知中国核物理学家何泽慧在物理学上做出了巨大成就, 成为一名杰出的科学家。根据第三段的最后一句可知许多西方媒体称这对夫妇为“中国居里夫人和皮埃尔·居里”。根据第四段的第一句可知作为我国核科学技术的开拓者之一, 何教授对核物理做出了重要贡献。可推知, 因何泽慧对中国的核物理做出了巨大贡献, 西方媒体称其为“中国的居里夫人”。故选A。
7. How can we fittingly describe He Zehui
A. Ambitious, talented, conservative and determined.
B. Unselfish, patriotic, indifferent to fame and devoted to science.
C. Aggressive, imaginative, strong in mind and kind in heart.
D. Knowledgeable, awesome, creative and sociable.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句可知她发表了几十篇论文, 但并不看重个人名声。根据最后一段第二、三句可知她献身于科学, 过着简朴的生活, 总是培养年轻的研究人员, 保持着她一直以来所重视的最高标准。她爱她的国家和科学。可推知, 何泽慧淡泊名利、爱国、乐于助人, 献身于中国的科学事业, 有极高的科研素养, 对中国的核物理的研究和发展做出了极大的贡献。故选B。
【阅读多维训练】
1. 句式仿写
She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for
making outstanding achievements in supporting the national program of nuclear
weapon development.
因在支持国家核武器发展计划方面取得突出成绩, 她被授予国家自然科学奖一
等奖。
句式仿写:
Tu Youyou ____________the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for
__________________________in medicine.
屠呦呦因在医学方面的突出成就被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
was awarded
her outstanding achievements
2. 长难句分析:
She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then
went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her
class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang—China’s “father of the
atomic bomb”.
分析: 本句是一个复合句。句子的主语是She, 谓语是graduated和went, the
Technical University of Berlin是先行词, 其后是定语从句。
译文: 1936年, 她毕业于清华大学, 获得物理学学位, 然后继续在柏林工业大学学
习, _____________________, 成绩超过了她未来的丈夫钱三强——中国的“原子
弹之父”。
在那里她是班上第一名
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
(2021·威海高二检测)
Franklin’s Experiment: How Much Is True
Benjamin Franklin’s famous lightning experiment has introduced
generations of children to science. 1 .
The well-known story is that Franklin flew a kite during a storm
in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People
wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity. 2 . He raised the
kite with a piece of string
tied to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite,
and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. 3 . “This”, he said,
“proved that lightning was a form of electricity”.
For years, schools have taught this story and it has inspired us and taught us
that scientific experiments are important to establish the truth and to contribute
towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place, more than one
scientist has questioned what really happened. 4 . But scientists all agree that if
Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the
electric shock.
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts.
Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and
led him to come up with his theory of gravity.
5 . But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and
we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great
story.
A. Franklin was one of them.
B. The detail about the string and the key is true.
C. It’s true that many discoveries start with an experiment.
D. Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting than the truth.
E. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock.
F. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.
G. This experiment proves beyond any doubt that lightning is an electric
phenomenon.
【文章大意】这是一篇讨论文。文章主要讨论了富兰克林的实验有多少是真的
的故事。
1. 【解析】选F。 根据文章标题“富兰克林的实验: 多少是真的 ”和第四段前两
句“然而, 这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。尽管富兰克林的实验已经
被证明发生过, 但不止一位科学家质疑到底发生了什么。”可知, 富兰克林著名
的闪电实验虽然让孩子们认识到了科学, 但这个故事可能是假的, 故选F。
2. 【解析】选A。 根据前两句“那时, 人们对电很感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否
真的是由电产生的。”再根据后面富兰克林开展了闪电实验, 说明他对电很感兴
趣。A选项“富兰克林就是其中之一。”切题。故选A。
3. 【解析】选E。根据前两句“一把金属钥匙系在绳子上。一道闪电击中了风筝,
电通过绳子传导到了钥匙上。”和下一句“他说, 这证明了闪电是电的一种形
式。”可推断出, 富兰克林通过自己触电来证明电的存在。E选项中的the key和
an electric shock对应上文的the key和A flash of lightning hit。故选E。
4. 【解析】选B。根据前两句“然而, 这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。尽管富兰克林的实验已经被证明发生过, 但不止一位科学家质疑到底发生了什么。”可知, 承接上文, 富兰克林的实验虽不是完全真实, 但确实发生过, 可得出有关绳子和钥匙的内容是真的。故选B。
5. 【解析】选D。由下一句“但是在科学中, 事实应该通过实验和研究来证明, 我们不应该总是相信我们所读或听到的一切, 即使它是一个伟大的故事。”可知, 承接下文, D选项“诚然, 虚构往往比事实更有趣。”切题。上下两句是转折关系, 虚构虽比事实有趣, 但科学要严谨, 应该通过实验和研究来证明。故选D。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
(2021·抚顺高二检测)
Lydia Denton felt very sad when she learned about the incidents, in which many children died in the hot cars because they were accidentally left behind. But no one has come up with a good way to deal with the 1 . The little girl, who would enter the seventh grade, decided to find a 2 .
Two years later, the 12-year-old girl from North Carolina won a $20, 000 prize for her 3 , the Beat The Heat Car Seat, a car seat device measuring the 4 of a car. The device is able to 5 the parents of the danger when the inside of the car 6 reaches 38. 9℃.
Lydia used part of her $20, 000 to continue to 7 her device with the hope
of getting it to market as soon as possible 8 it can be something that will save
lives and something that most people can 9 to get it.
With her 14-year-old brother and 10-year-old sister, Lydia also 10 some
of her prize money. They also helped bring the 11 in the car seat device. Her
brother was really great at coding(编程), and her little sister would 12 them
with some sweets or cakes.
Lydia’s mom, a science teacher, said it was 13 to watch her three kids
cooperate to think out a way to the problem that has 14 for years. “They have
proven that time and time again nothing is 15 . I am really proud of them, ” she added.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了一个小女孩得知许多儿童被留在闷热的汽车里, 因高温而致死时, 她感到非常难过, 决定寻找破解的办法。经过两年的努力, 她凭借自己发明的一种能测量汽车内温度的装置获得了两万美元的奖金。
1. A. discussion B. idea
C. problem D. experience
【解析】选C。当Lydia Denton得知许多儿童因被意外地遗忘在闷热的汽车里
窒息死亡的事件时, 她感到非常难过, 但是还没有人想出好的方法来解决这一问
题。 discussion讨论; idea主意; problem问题; experience经验。故选C。
2. A. process B. solution
C. response D. decision
【解析】选B。没人想出好的办法解决这个问题, 所以Lydia决定自己找解决办
法。 process过程; solution解决办法; response回答; decision决定。故选B。
3. A. education B. suggestion
C. instruction D. invention
【解析】选D。两年后, Lydia Denton因发明了汽车座椅装置而获得了两万美元
的奖金。 education教育; suggestion建议; instruction说明书; invention发明。故
选D。
4. A. temperature B. condition
C. beauty D. quality
【解析】选A。由下文中“reaches 38. 9℃”可知, 此装置能测量车内的温度。
temperature温度; condition条件; beauty美丽; quality质量。故选A。
5. A. convince B. persuade
C. warn D. cure
【解析】选C。设计这个装置是为了检测温度, 所以当车内温度接近38. 9摄氏
度时, 这个装置就会警告父母有危险。 convince说服; persuade劝; warn警告;
cure治愈。故选C。
6. A. never B. almost
C. always D. seldom
【解析】选B。根据“reaches 38. 9℃”及“ the parents of the danger”可推测,
这个装置是在温度达到一个临界值才会报警。 never从不; almost几乎; always
总是; seldom很少。故选B。
7. A. change B. remember
C. describe D. develop
【解析】选D。Lydia想使汽车装置成为既能挽救生命又能买得起的发明, 所以
需要继续研发。 change改变; remember记住; describe描述; develop发展。故选
D。
8. A. so that B. even if
C. as if D. now that
【解析】选A。Lydia用她的部分奖金继续研发她的装置, 希望能尽快投入市场,
这样它就可以挽救一些儿童的生命。 so that以便, 所以; even if即使; as if好像;
now that既然。故选A。
9. A. happen B. help
C. pretend D. afford
【解析】选D。Lydia继续研发, 是为了帮助更多的人, 挽救更多的生命, 使大多
数人都可以买得起。 happen发生; help帮助; pretend假装; afford负担得起。故
选D。
10. A. shared B. exchanged
C. supplied D. collected
【解析】选A。根据With her 14-year-old brother and 10-year-old sister可知Lydia
和她十四岁的哥哥以及十岁的妹妹共同分享了这笔奖金。share with和……分
享。 shared分享; exchanged交换; supplied提供; collected收集。故选A。
11. A. variety B. improvement
C. production D. advantage
【解析】选B。根据下文可知, 哥哥和妹妹他们也在帮助Lydia改进这个汽车座
椅装置。 variety多样性, 变化; improvement改进; production生产; advantage优
点。故选B。
12. A. present B. leave
C. serve D. charge
【解析】选C。她的妹妹会帮忙端上一些糖果或蛋糕。 present提出; leave离开;
serve服务, 端上; charge充电。故选C。
13. A. relaxing B. embarrassing
C. inspiring D. boring
【解析】选C。这个问题已经存在多年, 未被解决。现在被三个孩子解决了, 所
以很鼓舞人心。 relaxing令人放松的; embarrassing使人尴尬的; inspiring鼓舞人
心的; boring无聊的。由“think out a way to the problem that has for
years. ”可知选C。
14. A. disappeared B. existed
C. applied D. recovered
【解析】选B。根据上文可知这是存在了很多年的难题。 disappeared消失;
existed存在; applied应用; recovered恢复。故选B。
15. A. impossible B. traditional
C. perfect D. necessary
【解析】选A。虽然问题存在多年, 但终被解决, 所以说没什么事是不能被解决的, 一切皆有可能。 impossible不可能的; traditional传统的; perfect完美的; necessary必要的。故选A。(共98张PPT)
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Using Language
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. ____different ________of you 投射你不同的影子
2. all the colours of the ________ 彩虹的各种颜色
3. _____the coffee 倒咖啡
4. a ________floor 混凝土地面
5. China’s _________science 中国航天科学
6. ________youth 爱国青年
7. Railway __________Engineering 铁路机械工程
8. _______major 航空专业
cast
shadows
rainbow
pour
concrete
aerospace
patriotic
Mechanical
aviation
9. ______the country 保卫国家
10. American ___and rocket technology 美国飞机和火箭技术
11. a graduate ________ 研究生助理
12. space and ______programme 太空和导弹计划
13. under Qian’s _________ 在钱学森的领导下
14. _____back to Qian’s research 可以追溯到钱学森的研究
15. an ___________and creative scientist 一位杰出的有创造力的科学家
16. the most famous and _____scientist 最著名和最有天赋的科学家
17. _______thought 抽象思维
defend
jet
assistant
missile
leadership
trace
outstanding
gifted
abstract
18. the ______state theory 稳态理论
19. the steady state _______ 稳态概念
20. ___________with telescopes 使用望远镜的天文学家
21. besides being ________ 除了出色之外
22. ___________ adv. 此外
23. admit his _____ 承认他的错误
24. a ____in personal interest 个人兴趣的转变
25. a _____imagination 生动的想象
steady
concept
astronomers
brilliant
furthermore
faults
shift
vivid
Ⅱ. 根据提示用恰当的短语填空
1. We shall maintain our ________(关注) the needs of the customer.
2. Churches are often built ____________(以……的形式) a cross.
3. Modern farming methods can ________________(对……有影响) the
environment.
4. People can’t know the exact time when COVID-19 _________(爆发) in the
world.
5. He was placed ___________(负责) the department.
6. I am willing to __________________(接受挑战) of carrying out the project.
focus on
in the form of
have an impact on
broke out
in charge of
take on the challenge
7. His fear of snakes _____________(追溯到) an experience in his childhood.
8. Thomas __________(患病)with chickenpox at the weekend.
9. As a schoolgirl, she had ________________(梦想)becoming an actress.
10. _________(重要的是), we’ll develop economy to make our country rich.
11. Several of the members have ____________(提出)suggestions of their own.
traced back to
came down
dreamed of/about
Above all
come up with
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语意思提示补全句子
1. Perhaps no other scientist has _____________________(影响最大)China’s
aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
2. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of ___
_____developing China’s rocket science _______(不但……而且) its space and
missile programme.
3. ___________(当被问到) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”, his reply
was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other
people make. ”
had a greater impact on
not
only
but also
When asked
4. Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, ________(随
后)by the first generation of Long March rockets.
5. __________________________(一旦计算修正), it showed that the big bang
theory-and not the steady state theory-was true.
6. Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what
______(他说的) or did.
followed
Once the maths was corrected
he said
阅读精析·合作学习
Task 1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
Task 2 文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)Why did Qian Xuesen transfer to aviation
A. He liked to be a pilot after graduation.
B. He realized that China needed a strong air force.
C. He wanted to go to Shanghai.
D. He disliked railway mechanical engineering.
(2)Why did he come back to China
A. He wanted to serve his country.
B. He met with difficulties in America.
C. He was a hero in China.
D. He missed his family.
(3)What inspired his scientific research
A. Reading widely. B. Shenzhou rocket.
C. Interest in science. D. Deep appreciation for art.
(4)What proved Hawking’s work on the big bang theory
A. Communicating with Fred Hoyle.
B. Observing the stars.
C. Telescopes used by astronomers.
D. Two main theories.
(5)What helped him in his fight against the disease
A. Cleverness. B. Dreams. C. Determination. D. Mistakes.
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
The father of China’s aerospace
Personal
information of Qian Xuesen *Born in Hangzhou in 1911
*Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
*In 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to (1) _______.
*In 1935, Qian went to the United States to pursue his (2) ________studies.
*Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and (3) ______technology.
*As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s.
aviation
graduate
rocket
The father of China’s aerospace
Personal
information of Qian Xuesen *In the 1940s, Qian and several other people (4) ________the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
*In (5) _____, Qian returned to China.
*Under his leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles.
In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made (6) _______.
*On 31 October 2009, he died.
A world of pure thought
Stepen Hawking *He was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in (7) _______.
*He came down with a disease and lost the use of most of his (8) _______.
*In 1964, he first achieved fame.
*He insisted the big (9) _____theory.
*The qualities made him a genius:
brilliant, brave, determined, willing to admit his (10) _____.
founded
1955
satellite
physics
muscles
bang
faults
2. Long sentence analysis.
(1)[Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great
scientific thought and scientific spirit (过去分词短语作状语)”(who was patriotic
and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion)] (who引导的定语
从句修饰先行词a man), Qian was an extremely well-respected man(主句主干).
译文: 钱学森备受人们的尊敬, 《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有
“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人, 并且他_________, _________, 成就斐然。
热爱祖国
甘于奉献
(2)However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932(时间状语从句), __________
_____________________________________(主句)because he realised[that China
needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country][动词realise的
宾语从句]. 原因状语从句
译文: 然而, _______________________, 钱学森决定转学航空专业, 因为他认识到
中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
在1932年淞沪会战爆发后
Qian made
the decision to switch his major to aviation
要点精研·探究学习
1. pour vt. 倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料); 涌出; (雨)倾盆而下
*A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you
put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.
非牛顿流体很奇怪, 因为你可以像倒液体一样把它倒出来, 但是如果你对它施加
任何压力, 它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove.
我把油倒进锅中, 然后打开了炉子。
*When the fire broke out, many customers poured out of the supermarket.
当火灾爆发时, 很多顾客从超市里涌了出来。
【词块积累】
pour out 涌出; 倒出
pour in 涌入
pour into 朝……里面倒
【小词汇·大文化】
Pour water into a sieve. 竹篮子打水一场空。(比喻白费力气, 没有效果, 劳而无功)
【即学活用】写出黑体单词的词义
(1) He got up and poured himself another drink. ( )
(2) Blood was pouring from his broken nose. ( )
(3)It was still pouring outside. ( )
(4)Food donations have poured in from all over the country. ( )
倒
涌出
(雨)倾盆而下
涌入
2. break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始; 爆发
*After the epidemic broke out, the whole country united together and overcame it.
疫情爆发后, 全国人民团结在一起, 并且战胜了它。
*Many people broke through the poverty barrier in 2020 with the assistance of our government.
2020年在我们政府的帮助下很多人摆脱了贫困的障碍。
*Your health will break down if you don’t pay attention to regular exercise.
如果你不注意定期锻炼, 你的身体会垮掉。
【导图理词】
【名师点津】如此“发生”
break out, take place, happen, occur都有“发生”之意, 都不能用于进行时态, 也不能用于被动语态。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Her friends came to help her when the war broke ___.
(2)(2020·天津高考) The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break _____the
invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
(3)A neighbour asked for the music to be turned down and the party broke ___.
(4)At last, those doctors broke _______in their fight against heart disease.
(5)The burglar broke __and stole my money.
out
down
up
through
in
3. defend vt. 保卫; 防守; 辩解; 防御; 保护
*(2020·天津高考) “Small does not mean weak, sir, ” she defended herself.
“小并不意味着软弱, 先生, ”她为自己辩解。
*People should try their best to defend the environment against pollution.
人们应该尽最大努力保护环境免受污染。
*The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country.
士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。
【词块积累】
(1)defend oneself 自卫; 为……辩护
defend against 抵御
defend sb. from/against 保护某人免受……
(2)defence n. 防御; 保卫
in defence (of) 保卫(……)
【小词汇·大文化】
Like to keep our promise to defend your honor. 遵守诺言就像捍卫你的荣誉一样。(建议世人要严格遵守诺言)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He has employed one of the UK’s top lawyers ________(defend) him.
(2)The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland _______any invasion.
(3)She spoke bravely __defence of freedom of speech.
(4)The wall was built to defend the road from ____________(wash)away by the
sea.
to defend
against
in
being washed
4. assistant n. 助理; 助手; 售货员
*She’s always palming the worst jobs off on her assistant.
她总是哄骗她的助手做最苦的差事。
【词块积累】
(1)assistance n. 援助; 帮助
come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
(2)assist vt. 帮助; 协助; 援助
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①We will assist you in _______(find) somewhere to live.
②The family decided to assist me ____my chores.
③I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept _________
(assist)from.
(2)一句多译
我乐意帮助你学习普通话。
I am willing to _____________your Mandarin learning.
=I am willing to ________________your Mandarin.
=I am willing to __________________your Mandarin.
finding
with
assistance
assist you with
assist you to learn
assist you in learning
5. in charge of主管; 掌管
*The company is in the charge of Tom while the boss is away.
=Tom is in charge of the company while the boss is away.
=Tom takes charge of the company while the boss is away.
汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。
*The shopkeeper charges 20 yuan for the pump.
店主就这个打气筒要了20元。
*The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels.
警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。
【词块积累】
(1)in charge (of . . . ) 主管/掌管/负责(……)
in the charge of 在……掌管之下; 由……主管, 负责
take charge of . . . 负责/掌管……
free of charge 免费
(2)charge (sb. ) for sth. 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事
【名师点津】
in charge of往往以人作主语, 指“某人负责(主管)某事”; in the charge of往往以物作主语, 指“某物由某人主管”。类似的还有: in control of“控制”, in the control of“由……控制”; in possession of“拥有”, in the possession of“被……拥有”。
【小词汇·大文化】
You are not in charge of the universe; you are in charge of yourself。你并不掌管整个宇宙, 但你得掌管你自己。(建议人们要学会自律, 管好自己)
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①As long as you’ve paid in advance, we won’t charge you ___delivery.
②The man who had taken charge __the company was charged ____taking drugs.
③To our delight, this class is in ___charge of an experienced teacher.
(2)一句多译
我们都希望你负责这次校园艺术节的组织。
We all hope you will ____________________________of the school art festival. (in
charge of)
=We all hope you will ___________________________of the school art festival.
(take charge of)
for
of
with
the
be in charge of the organization
take charge of the organization
6. come down患(病); 染上(小病)
*Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.
自从得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病后, 他的世界就变成了一个抽象的思想世界。
*Can you tell me how the accident came about
你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗
【导图理词】
【即学活用】用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)I come _____with flu and am unable to go to work.
(2)That terrible accident came _____when we went to New York last year.
(3)It’s a friendly place—people come ___to you in the street and start talking.
(4)His book on English learning will come ___next month.
down
about
up
out
7. above all最重要的是; 尤其是
*Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是, 霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
*After all, 15 minutes of exercise is better than nothing.
毕竟, 锻炼15分钟比不锻炼好。
*All in all, things worked out for the better.
不管怎么说, 一切都在好转。
【词块积累】
first of all “第一, 首先”, 强调排列顺序
after all 毕竟; 终究
in all 共计, 总共
(not)at all 一点也(不), 完全(不)
all in all 总的来说
【即学活用】
(1) ________(总的来说), every road leads to Rome, but I do believe hard work pays
off.
(2)If you want to speak good English, you should _________(首先) listen to good
English as often as possible.
(3) ________(毕竟), many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental
decline until after age.
All in all
first of all
After all
8. fault n. 弱点; 过错
*The police arrived at the scene and concluded that the driver was at fault.
警方到达现场, 断定这是司机的责任。
*You are too ready to find fault with other people.
你太喜欢挑别人的毛病了。
【词块积累】
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错; 有责任
find fault with 挑剔, 挑……的毛病
【易混辨析】fault与mistake
易混词 辨析 一言辨异
fault 多指性格上的弱点或行为上的过失, 强调因过失应负的责任 It’s your own fault to make such a mistake. 犯了这样的错误是你自己的过失。
mistake 多指因缺乏正确理解而造成的行动上或认识上的错误
【小词汇·大文化】
One man’s fault is other man’s lesson. 前车之鉴。(比喻先前的失败, 可以作为以后的教训。)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1) Why should I say sorry when it’s not ___(I)fault
(2)I think the owners are __fault for not warning us.
(3)There is no perfect person. Don’t always find fault ____him.
my
at
with
9. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative
scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and
drawing. 然而, 使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对其
他事物的浓厚兴趣, 比如音乐和绘画。
【句式解构】本句是一个主从复合句。what引导的是主语从句, 其中含有
make+宾语+宾语补足语结构。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)It’s her friendliness and the sense of responsibility that make me
admire her.
正是她的友好和责任感让我敬佩她。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)But we find it difficult to make the plot adapted complete and attractive enough.
但是我们发现很难让改编的情节足够完整, 足够有吸引力。
*You should also make it a habit to take your watch with you. 你也应该养成带表的习惯。
*She had to shout to make herself heard.
她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。
【名师点津】
(1)make+宾语+宾语补足语结构中, 宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、不带to的不定式或过去分词。
(2)如果宾语本身比较复杂, 可用“make it(形式宾语)+名词/形容词+to do(that)从句(真正的宾语) ”结构。
(3)make sb. do的被动形式为sb. be made to do。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1) Try to make __a rule to speak in the new language as much as possible.
(2)I’m not very good at French, but I can make myself __________(understand).
(3) The boy was made _______(work) twenty hours a day.
(4) The news that our China succeeded in launching Chang’e 5 made us
______(excite).
it
understood
to work
excited
【要点拾遗】
1. gifted adj. 有天赋的; 天才的; 天资聪慧的
*Each person is special and gifted with unique talents.
每个人都是特别的, 都被赋予了独特的才能。
*You have to have a gift for learning languages.
你必须要有学习语言的天赋。
【词块积累】
be gifted in(doing)sth. 在(做)……方面有天赋
be gifted with sth. 天生具备……
have a gift/talent for 有……的天赋
【即学活用】单句语法填空
(1)He was gifted ____a charming smile.
(2)Even _____children fail to progress without good teaching.
(3)He is the __________(gift) research assistant I’ve ever had.
with
gifted
most gifted
2. abstract adj. 抽象的; 理性的 n. (文献等的)摘要
*Beauty is an abstract concept.
美是一个抽象概念。
*In the abstract, these rays are harmful to people’s health.
从理论上说, 这些射线对人们的健康是有害的。
*There is a section at the end of the magazine that includes abstracts of recent articles.
杂志的最后一部分收录了近期文章的摘要。
【词块积累】
in the abstract抽象地, 从理论上说
【即学活用】
(1) Einstein’s Theory of Relativity is ______________(如此抽象以至于)most of us
cannot understand it.
(2) I think we shouldn’t talk about it _____________(抽象地). Let’s be concrete.
(3)We have been discussing the problem _______________________(用十分不切实
际的方式).
so abstract that
in the abstract
in a very abstract manner
3. steady adj. 稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的
*This year we’ve seen a steady rise in prices.
今年我们看到了物价的持续增长。
*He urged local officials to act according to the new development philosophy for
making steady progress.
他敦促地方官员按照新的发展理念行事, 以便取得稳步进展。
*He was firm and steady unlike others she knew.
他坚定可靠, 和她认识的其他人不一样。
*Debt was increasing steadily. 债务在持续增加。
【词块积累】
(1)hold/remain steady 保持平稳
a steady relationship 稳定的关系
(2)steadily 稳定地
【即学活用】
(1)They were expecting the jobless rate ____________.
他们预计失业率会保持稳定。
(2)The company’s exports _________________________.
公司的出口量一直稳步增长。
(3)We are making _____________________.
我们虽然缓慢但是在稳步前进。
to hold steady
have been increasing steadily
slow but steady progress
4. vivid adj. 生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的
*He gave a vivid account of his life as a pilot.
他生动地描述了他当领航员的生活。
*He had a vivid picture of her in his mind.
他头脑中对她有清晰的印象。
【即学活用】
(1)He ______________________________(生动地描述了) this event as if he had
been there.
(2)I’m not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he __________
___________(有活跃的想象力).
gave a vivid account/description of
had a vivid
imagination
5. We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.
我们中国人能做出和别人一样的东西。
【句式解构】
the same 后有时用 that引导定语从句, 表示“同一个, 就是那一个”。
*This is the same cell phone that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢的那部手机。
*Rick hasn’t changed. He looks exactly the same as he did at school. 里克一点儿
没变, 他看起来和上学时一模一样。
【易混辨析】
This is the same book as I read yesterday.
这本书和我昨天读的那本是一样的。
This is the same book that I read yesterday.
这就是我昨天读的那本书。
the same. . . as. . . 表示“与……一样……”, 即同类异物
the same. . . that. . . 表示“同一个”
【即学活用】
(1)He is ________________we met yesterday.
他就是我们昨天见到的那个人。
(2)My stand on this is just __________it was four years ago.
我对这个问题的立场和四年前一样。
(3)Driving a boat is not __________driving a car.
驾船和开车不是一回事。
the same man that
the same as
the same as
如何写一篇关于科学精神的评论文章
【文体感知】
评论科学精神是新课程标准中的写作要求之一, 要求对人物外貌、个性、
主要事迹及贡献进行描述和说明。
基本框架:
首先, 对人物进行简要的介绍, 比如生平、事件、职业等。
其次, 挑选出人物一生中比较重要的事迹进行描写, 要尽可能地详细, 因为这影
响人们对他/她的整体评价。
最后, 对人物进行客观的评价, 包括其人格、贡献以及闪光点的评价。
读写结合 表达升级
【典题演练】
请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家潘建伟。
1. 1970年3月生, 浙江东阳人。1999年获奥地利维也纳大学实验物
理博士学位。潘建伟教授主要从事量子通信等方面的研究。
2. 他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家, 并且取得了一系列有
重要意义的研究成果。他获得“改革先锋”等称号。
3. 他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇, 一心做研究, 保持与名利的距离。他站在世界
的最前沿, 和宇宙对话, 做前无古人的事业。
参考词汇: 量子通信quantum communication; 维也纳Vienna
【谋篇布局】
【遣词造句】
·完成句子
1. 潘建伟1970年3月生, 浙江东阳人。
Pan Jianwei ___________Dongyang, Zhejiang Province in March 1970.
2. 1999年获奥地利维也纳大学实验物理博士学位。
In 1999, he ________________________in experimental physics from the
University of Vienna, Austria.
3. 潘建伟教授主要从事量子通信等方面的研究。
Professor Pan Jianwei is ________________the research of quantum
communication.
was born in
received his doctor’s degree
mainly engaged in
4. 他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家。
He is an ______________________scientist in this field.
5. 他取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果。
He has achieved a series of _______________________.
6. 他获得了“改革先锋”等称号。
He received ___________“pioneer of reform”.
7. 他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇, 一心做研究, 保持与名利的距离。
He keeps childlike curiosity about the world, devotes himself to research, and _____
________________fame and fortune.
internationally influential
significant research results
such titles as
keeps
his distance from
8. 他站在世界的最前沿, 和宇宙对话, 做前无古人的事业。
He _______________________________, talks to the universe, and does things that
no one has done before.
stands in the front row of the world
·句式升级
9. 用so. . . that改写句3和句4。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
10. 用现在分词改写句8。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________
Professor Pan Jianwei is so engaged in the research of quantum communication
that he is an internationally influential scientist in this field.
He stands in the front row of the world, talking to the universe, and doing
things that no one has done before.
【完美成篇】
Pan Jianwei was born in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province in March 1970. In
1999, he received his doctor’s degree in experimental physics from the
University of Vienna, Austria. Professor Pan Jianwei is so engaged in the
research of quantum communication that he is an internationally influential
scientist in this field and has achieved a series of significant research results.
He received such titles as “pioneer of reform”. He keeps childlike curiosity
about the world, devotes himself to research, and keeps his distance from fame
and fortune. He stands in the front row of the world, talking to the universe,
and doing things that no one has done before.
【话题拓展】
1. 话题词汇
(1)serve the people heart and soul
全心全意为人民服务
(2)share sorrow as well as happiness with sb.
与某人同甘共苦
(3)live a happy life
过着幸福的生活
(4)be enthusiastic about. . .
对……有热情
(5)be qualified for
适合; 胜任
(6)think highly of
对……高度评价
(7)have a gift/talent for
对……有天赋
(8)be strict with
对……严格要求
(9)make great contributions to
对……做出巨大贡献
(10)devote oneself to
致力于; 献身于
(11)make a difference
有影响; 有重要作用
(12)be gifted at
对……有天赋
(13)be good at
擅长……
2. 话题句式
(1)介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩:
①During her career life, she obtained 132 championships, including 4 Olympic
championships.
在她的职业生涯中, 她获得了132个冠军, 包括四个奥林匹克冠军。
②When he was still a boy, he showed great interest in literature.
当他还是个孩子的时候, 他就对文学表现出了极大的兴趣。
③He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers.
他/她擅长英语口语甚至更擅长使用电脑。
④Her story tells us that we should value what we have, and try our best to
overcome any difficulty in life.
她的故事告诉我们: 我们应该重视我们所拥有的, 努力克服生活中的任何困难。
(2)介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价:
①He became famous for his new theory.
他因他的新理论而出名。
②The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.
人们把他作为一位激励人的领导而爱戴他。
③We regard him as our model.
我们把他视为我们的榜样。
④Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.
雷锋因为他的共产主义精神而受到表扬。
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达(谈论科学体验)
1. Matter on the Sun can exist only in the form of gas.
太阳上的物质只能以气体的形式存在。
2. This occurred when a spaceship went into space.
这发生在宇宙飞船进入太空的时候。
3. How light is reflected is what we’ve always wanted to discover.
光线是如何反射的是我们一直想要发现的。
4. Scientists have been trying to unravel the mysteries of the existence of other
planets.
科学家们一直试图揭开其他行星的存在之谜。
主题活动 话题实践
5. The scientific experience is fun, exciting and educational.
科学体验是有趣的、令人兴奋的且有教育意义的。
6. This demonstrates there are actually many galaxies in the universe larger than the
solar system.
这表明宇宙中实际上有许多星系比太阳系还要大。
7. Through this, we know that human observation equipment and methods are
constantly improving.
通过这一点, 我们知道人类的观测设备和方法在不断地改进。
8. This experiment shows the universe is expanding.
这个实验表明宇宙正在膨胀。
9. This evidence proves the actual size of the universe is by no means certain.
这一证据证明, 宇宙的实际大小绝对不是确定无疑的。
10. If you have the chance to experience it, it will become a wonderful memory for you.
如果你有机会去体验它, 它会成为你美好的回忆。
Ⅱ. 话题情境交流
班会上, 同学们就参观科学博物馆时的体验进行热烈的讨论。
Wang Jian: It was amazing to experience such things in the museum. I never think 1.
____________________________(它能以固体的形式存在).
Li Hong: I feel the same way. When I stood on the stage and touched the pole, my
hair stood on end soon. I tried several times. 2. _____________________________
it(每次我这样做的时候, 都会发生这样的事).
Hui Fang: Almost everything is fresh to us. 3. ______________________________
___________________________(通过这一次, 我们知道我们还有许多事物要去
了解).
it can exist in the form of a solid
It occurred again every time I did
Through this, we know that there
are many things for us to learn
Li Daqing: I think we should often go to the museum. Only in this way can we know how light is reflected, what the strange thing means and so on.
Jane Eyre(excerpt)
The red-room was a square chamber, very seldom slept in, I might say never,
indeed, unless when a chance influx of visitors at Gateshead Hall rendered it
necessary to turn to account all the accommodation it contained: yet it was one of
the largest and stateliest chambers in the mansion. A bed supported on massive
pillars of mahogany, hung with curtains of deep red damask, stood out like a
tabernacle in the centre; the two large windows, with their blinds always drawn
down, were half shrouded in festoons and falls of similar drapery; the carpet was
red; the table at the foot of the bed was covered with a crimson cloth; the walls
名著悦读 素养培优
were a soft fawn colour with a blush of pink in it; the wardrobe, the toilet-table, the
chairs were of darkly polished old mahogany. Out of these deep surrounding shades
rose high, and glared white, the piled-up mattresses and pillows of the bed, spread
with a snowy Marseilles counterpane. Scarcely less prominent was an ample
cushioned easy-chair near the head of the bed, also white, with a footstool before it;
and looking, as I thought, like a pale throne.
This room was chill, because it seldom had a fire; it was silent, because
remote from the nursery and kitchen; solemn, because it was known to be so
seldom entered. The house-maid alone came here on Saturdays, to wipe from the
mirrors and the furniture a week’s quiet dust: and Mrs Reed herself, at far intervals, visited it to review the contents of a certain secret drawer in the wardrobe, where were stored divers parchments, her jewel-casket, and a miniature of her deceased husband; and in those last words lies the secret of the red-room—the spell which kept it so lonely in spite of its grandeur.
Mr Reed had been dead nine years: it was in this chamber he breathed his last; here he lay in state; hence his coffin was borne by the undertaker’s men; and, since that day, a sense of dreary consecration had guarded it from frequent intrusion.
My seat, to which Bessie and the bitter Miss Abbot had left me riveted, was a
low ottoman near the marble chimney-piece; the bed rose before me; to my right
hand there was the high, dark wardrobe, with subdued, broken reflections varying
the gloss of its panels; to my left were the muffled windows; a great looking-glass
between them repeated the vacant majesty of the bed and room. I was not quite sure
whether they had locked the door; and when I dared move, I got up and went to see.
Alas! yes: no jail was ever more secure. Returning, I had to cross before the
looking-glass; my fascinated glance involuntarily explored the depth it revealed.
All looked colder and darker in that visionary hollow than in reality: and the strange
little figure there gazing at me, with a white face and arms specking the gloom, and
glittering eyes of fear moving where all else was still, had the effect of a real spirit:
I thought it like one of the tiny phantoms, half fairy, half imp, Bessie’s evening
stories represented as coming out of lone, ferny dells in moors, and appearing
before the eyes of belated travellers. I returned to my stool.
Superstition was with me at that moment; but it was not yet her hour for
complete victory: my blood was still warm; the mood of the revolted slave was
still bracing me with its bitter vigour; I had to stem a rapid rush of retrospective
thought before I quailed to the dismal present.
【导读】 英国女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特创作的长篇小说《简·爱》发表于1847年, 是一部具有自传色彩的作品。作品讲述一位小时候父母双亡变成孤儿的英国女子在各种磨难中不断追求自由与尊严、坚持自我, 最终获得幸福的故事。小说引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历, 歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见, 成功塑造了一个敢于反抗、敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。
【词海拾贝】
1. accommodation n. 住处
2. dreary adj. 沉闷的, 枯燥的
3. intrusion n. 扰乱; 侵犯
4. rivet v. 吸引住
5. reflection n. 反射, 映像, 沉思
6. vacant adj. 空的
7. reveal vt. 揭露
8. visionary adj. 有眼力的
9. superstition n. 迷信, 迷信观点
10. revolt vt. 反抗
【素养笔记】
1. (语言能力)When was the red-room used
________________________________________
2. Why was the room quiet
______________________________________________
3. (文化意识)Which word can be used to describe the red-room
A. Busy. B. Colourful.
C. Stressful. D. Simple.
答案: ______
It was used when there were too many visitors.
Because it was remote from the nursery and kitchen.
C
4. (思维品质)What kind of feeling does this part try to convey
________________
读后感悟:
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Dreadful and cold.
译文:
《简·爱》(节选)
红房子是间空余的卧房, 难得有人在里面过夜。其实也许可以说, 从来没有。除非盖茨黑德府上偶尔涌进一大群客人时, 才有必要动用全部房间。但府里的卧室, 数它最宽敞、最壮观了。一张红木床赫然立于房间正中, 粗大的床柱上, 罩着深红色锦缎帐子, 活像一个会堂。两扇终日窗帘紧闭的大窗, 半掩在清一色织物制成的流苏之中。地毯是红的, 床脚边的桌子上铺着深红色的台布, 墙呈柔和的浅黄褐色, 略带粉红。大橱、梳妆台和椅子都是乌黑发亮的红木做的。床上高高地叠着褥垫和枕头, 上面铺着雪白的马赛布床罩, 在周围深色调
陈设的映衬下, 白得炫目。几乎同样显眼的是床头边一把铺着坐垫的大安乐椅,
一样的白色, 前面还放着一只脚凳, 在我看来, 它像一个苍白的宝座。
房子里很少生火, 所以很冷; 因为远离保育室和厨房, 所以很静; 又因为谁都
知道很少有人进去, 所以显得庄严肃穆。只有女佣每逢星期六到这里来, 把一周
内静悄悄落在镜子上和家具上的灰尘抹去。还有里德太太本人, 隔好久才来一
次, 查看大橱里某个秘密抽屉里的东西。这里存放着各类羊皮文件、她的首饰
盒, 以及她已故丈夫的肖像。上面提到的最后几句话, 给红房子带来了一种神秘
感, 一种魔力, 因而它虽然富丽堂皇, 却显得分外凄清。
里德先生去世已经九年了, 他就是在这间房子里咽气的, 他的遗体在这里让
人瞻仰, 他的棺材由殡葬工人从这里抬走。从那天起, 这里便始终弥漫着一种阴
森森的祭奠氛围, 所以不常有人闯进来。
贝茜和刻薄的艾博特小姐让我一动不动地坐着的, 是一条软垫矮凳, 摆在靠
近大理石壁炉的地方。我面前是高耸的床, 我右面是黑漆漆的高大的橱子, 橱子
上柔和、斑驳的反光, 使镶板的光泽摇曳变幻。我左面是关得严严实实的窗子,
两扇窗子中间有一面大镜子, 映照出床和房间的空旷和肃穆。我吃不准他们锁
了门没有, 等到敢于走动时, 便起来看个究竟。哎呀! 不错, 比牢房锁得还紧呢。
返回原地时, 我必须经过大镜子跟前。我的目光被吸引住了, 禁不住探究起镜中
的世界来。在虚幻的影像中, 一切都显得比现实中更冷落、更阴沉。那个陌生
的小家伙瞅着我, 白白的脸上和胳膊上都蒙上了斑驳的阴影, 在一切都凝滞时, 唯有那双明亮恐惧的眼睛在闪动, 看上去真像一个幽灵。我觉得她像那种半仙半魔的小精灵, 恰如贝茜在夜晚的故事中所描绘的那样, 从沼泽地带山蕨丛生的荒谷中冒出来, 现身于迟归的旅行者眼前。我回到了我的矮凳上。
这时候我迷信起来了, 但并没有到完全任凭摆布的程度, 我依然热血沸腾, 反抗的奴隶的那种苦涩情绪依然激励着我。往事如潮, 在我脑海中奔涌, 如果我不加以遏制, 我就会向阴暗的现实屈服。(共43张PPT)
三 Unit 1 Using Language
【语用训练】
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. My job is somewhere between a secretary and a personal ________(助手).
2. She could _____(追踪)her family tree back to the 16th century.
3. Stephen Hawking was known as an ___________(突出的)physicist.
4. We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is _______(抽象的).
5. It was a difficult _______(概念) to grasp, but I soon understood it.
6. It’s hoped that the ________(望远镜) will enable scientists to see deeper into
the universe than ever before.
assistant
trace
outstanding
abstract
concept
telescope
7. Never expect him to come up with a ________(绝妙的) idea.
8. The task is urgent; __________________(而且), there’s not much time.
9. My father was very upset. He thought it was his _____(过失).
10. She tried to ____(转移)her weight from one foot to the other.
brilliant
besides/furthermore
fault
shift
Ⅱ. 选词填空
in charge of, come down, above all, break out, switch. . . to, focus on, be familiar
with, take on, trace back to, dream of
1. The Chinese people celebrate the activity of the Labor Day and can ____________
1918.
2. No other organisation was able or willing to _______the job.
3. The talks will ________economic development of the region.
4. A fire _________last night, which caused a lot of damage.
5. _________, I have learned that smile is the key to solving any problem.
trace back to
take on
focus on
broke out
Above all
6. She ________ from full-time work __part-time work after her child was born.
7. The teacher, who has taught for over 30 years, is ___________the school work.
switched
to
in charge of
came down
is familiar with
dreamed of
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. There is no doubt that private cars will ____________________the economic
growth.
毫无疑问, 私家车对经济的增长起到很大的作用。(have an impact on)
have a great impact on
2. For one thing, it not only helps to build up our physical health, _______helps us
learn more efficiently in turn.
一方面, 它不仅有助于我们强身健体, 而且反过来有助于我们更高效地学习。
(not only. . . but also )
3. _____________________________, I heard my name called.
我独自走在街上时, 听到有人叫我的名字。(状语从句的省略)
4. ______________the size of the earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
与整个地球相比, 最大的海洋似乎一点也不大。(过去分词作状语)
but also
While walking alone on the street
Compared with
5. ______________________, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
一旦受损, 农田需要很多年才能恢复。
6. You should be more guarded in ____________to reporters.
你对记者说话应更谨慎些。
Once the damage is done
what you say
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2021·银川高二检测)
For decades, China had wanted a Nobel Prize in science. Tu Youyou, a researcher who helped to develop a malaria medicine, finally won for the country that honor.
In fact, Tu is not the only scientist in China who is catching the world’s attention. In 2016, the Nature journal published a list of the top 10 science stars in China. Gao Caixia and Cui Weicheng are two of them.
Gao Caixia has been devoted to genetic engineering for her whole career. She is
known for using CRISPR-Cas9, the revolutionary gene-editing technique that is
sweeping through biology labs around the world in crops.
At first, Gao was unwilling to take up gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9
because her lab at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Genetics and
Developmental Biology in Beijing had already created mutations(变异)in 82 genes
using an older type of technology. But after thinking carefully about it, she decided
to give it a try.
After a year of hard work, her lab finally succeeded. Gao worked on genetic
engineering in wheat, a crop that is famous for being difficult to work with. Now
she is considered one of the best in the world at engineering wheat.
Cui Weicheng is the developer of China’s record-setting Jiaolong submersible
(潜水器). He is now a professor at West Lake University. In 2012, Cui
rode inside China’s Jiaolong submersible and reached a depth of more than 7, 000
meters in the pacific.
Thanks to Jiaolong and the 57-year-old developer, China is now one of only a
few nations that can explore the deep-sea. Jiaolong can travel deeper than any other
manned research submersible currently in use, which shows China’s increasing
ambition and leadership in deep-sea research.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了《自然》杂志发布了中国十大科学明星名单。高彩霞和崔维成就是其中的两位。
1. Why is Tu Youyou mentioned at the beginning of the passage
A. To show one of China’s long-held dreams.
B. To stress the importance of the Nobel Prize.
C. To praise Tu Youyou for her contributions.
D. To introduce more top Chinese scientists.
【解析】选D。 细节理解题。本段引用屠呦呦的目的是引出另外的中国科学家。D项“为了介绍更多中国顶尖科学家”为正确答案。故答案为D。
2. Why did Gao Caixia work on wheat
A. Because she failed in her attempt to study other crops.
B. Because she was expert at wheat engineering.
C. Because wheat is hard to be genetically engineered.
D. Because wheat is the most widely planted crop in China.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知起初, 高不愿意使用CRISPR-Cas9进行基因编辑, 因为她所在实验室——中国科学院遗传学和发育生物学研究所已经使用一个旧的技术创建82个基因突变。但仔细考虑之后, 她决定试一试。C项“因为小麦很难被基因改造”为正确选项。故答案为C。
3. What is Cui Weicheng’s biggest contribution to China
A. He teaches about sea at a university.
B. He developed Jiaolong submersible.
C. He is devoted to genetic engineering.
D. He reached the bottom of the ocean.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Cui Weicheng is the developer of China’s record-setting Jiaolong submersible”以及最后一段崔维成的发明对中国的影响来看, B项“他研制了蛟龙潜水器”为正确答案。故答案为B。
4. What is the best title for the passage
A. China’s Science Stars
B. China’s Nobel Prize Dream
C. Gao Caixia-China’s Crop Engineer
D. Cui Weicheng-China’s Deep Diver
【解析】选A。标题归纳题。本文讲述了中国高彩霞和崔维成两位科学家及其成就。故A项“中国的科学明星”为正确答案。 B项: 中国的诺贝尔奖梦(主题扩大); C项: 高彩霞——中国的农作物工程师 (以偏概全); D项: 崔维成——中国的深水潜水员(以偏概全)。故答案为A。
B
(2021·邯郸高二检测)
Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient
times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize in science, one
of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never
married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women
recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her
father collected fossils(化石)in their village on the south coast of Great Britain.
Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of
years.
When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the
almost complete skeletons (骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth.
She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her
fossils to get money to support her family.
In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to
study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland.
She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre
Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel
Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first
person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie
Curie was one of the few women at the time that became famous as a scientist.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以Mary Anning和Marie
Curie为代表的女性科学家的故事。
5. What does the author think of women scientists according to Paragraph 1
A. They go through difficulties to be successful.
B. They cannot get the highest honors in the world.
C. They had better pay more attention to their families.
D. They have more opportunities to become successful.
【解析】选A。 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists. ”可知, 在作者看来, 女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。故选A项。
6. Why did Mary fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils
A. She didn’t want to be known to anyone.
B. They weren’t worth studying.
C. Nobody recognized them.
D. She sold them for money.
【解析】选D。 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知, 她当时并没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D项。
7. What can we know about Marie Curie
A. She finished her college education in Poland.
B. She was the first woman to win two Nobel Prizes.
C. She won the first Nobel Prize before getting married.
D. She and her husband won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段倒数第二、三句可知, 1903年, 居里夫妇和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。1911年, 居里夫人成为第一个获得第二个诺贝尔奖的人, 这次是在化学领域。因此可知, 她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B项。
8. What’s the text mainly about
A. Ancient discoveries of scientists.
B. Some stories of women scientists.
C. Successful marriages of women scientists.
D. Some women scientists winning the Nobel Prize.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章为总分结构, 第一段提及了本文的中心话题。文章主要讲述了女性科学家的故事。故选B项。
C
Stephen Hawking was regarded as one of the most brilliant
physicists in history. His work on the origins and structure of the
universe, from the Big Bang to black holes, changed the field
greatly. His best-selling books also appealed to a number of readers.
Stephen Hawking had a challenging life. He was born in England on Jan. 8,
1942—300 years to the day after the death of the astronomer Galileo Galilei. He
attended University College, Oxford, where he studied physics, despite his father’s
urging to focus on medicine. Hawking went on to Cambridge to research cosmology.
In early 1963, just before his 21st birthday, Hawking suffered from a serious
disease, more commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. He was not expected to
live more than two pleting his doctor’s degree did not appear likely. Yet,
Hawking had overcome the great difficulty, not only attaining his Ph. D. but also
building new roads into the understanding of the universe in the decades since.
Hawking continued at Cambridge after his graduation, serving as a research
fellow and later as a professional fellow. In 1974, he was inducted(正式就职)into
the Royal Society, a worldwide fellowship of scientists. In 1979, he was appointed
Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the most famous academic chair
in the world.
As the disease spread, Hawking became less mobile and began using a
wheelchair. Talking grew more challenging and, in 1985, an emergency
tracheotomy(气管切开术)caused his total loss of speech. A speech-generating
device was constructed at Cambridge, combined with a software program,
servingas his electronic voice and allowing Hawking to select his words by moving
the muscles in his cheek. Hawking died on March 14, 2018.
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了杰出的物理学家霍金以及他的
一些事情。
9. What greatly influenced the field Stephen Hawking studied
A. Stephen Hawking’s best-selling books.
B. His research on the Big Bang and black holes.
C. Stephen Hawking’s talent.
D. The origins and structure of the universe.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知他对宇宙起源和结构的研究, 从大爆炸到黑洞, 极大地改变了这个领域。由此可推知, 斯蒂芬·霍金对大爆炸和黑洞的研究极大地影响了研究的这个领域。故选B。
10. What does the underlined word “cosmology” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. A study about universe.
B. A subject of medicine.
C. A research on time.
D. A project in Cambridge.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知他对宇宙起源和结构的研究, 从大爆炸到黑洞, 极大地改变了这个领域。由此可知画线词的意思是“对宇宙的研究”。故选A。
11. What happened to Stephen Hawking in early 1963
A. He became world famous.
B. He achieved his doctor’s degree.
C. He was badly affected by a serious disease.
D. He built new roads into the understanding of the universe.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知1963年初, 就在霍金21岁生日前夕, 他患上了一种严重的疾病, 即众所周知的卢伽雷氏症。故选C。
12. How did Stephen Hawking express himself finally
A. By using body language.
B. With the help of an operation.
C. By using a speech-generating device.
D. With the help of some people.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中A speech-generating device was constructed at Cambridge, combined with a software program, serving as his electronic voice and allowing Hawking to select his words by moving the muscles in his cheek. 可知, 斯蒂芬·霍金最后通过使用语音产生装置来表达。故选C。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
Sweet wormwood(青蒿)is a common plant in China, but it has the power to
cure the deadly disease 1 (call) malaria(疟疾). Tu Youyou 2 (be)the woman
who uses the plant’s special power to save millions of lives. The Chinese scientist
won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.
On October 5th, Tu 3 (award) the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan. Tu
is the first native Chinese person 4 (receive)a Nobel Prize in natural science. Tu
was modest about receiving the award, “It’s a success of the whole research
team. ”She also think 5 is scientist’s duty to fight for the health of all humans.
When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine 6 could
fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s, things were hard. The team didn’t have
advanced equipment then. Tu used to test medicines by eating them herself. Her
team searched old medicine books at hand and tested over 2, 000 traditional 7___
(recipe).
Finally, Tu found artemisinin(青蒿素)in sweet wormwood in 1971. She spent
the next decades 8 (try) to improve the medicine. According to World Health
Organization, about 200 million people suffer 9 malaria around the world, and
about half a million die each year. Artemisinin is still the most 10
(effect)treatment against malaria known today in the world.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家, 她带领她的团队发现了青蒿素, 从而挽救了数百万人的生命。
1. 【解析】called。考查非谓语动词。分析可知disease 和call之间是被动关系,
故填called。
2. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“who uses the plant’s
special power”可知, 该句应用一般现在时。又因主语为 Tu Youyou, 所以谓语动
词用单数。故填is。
3. 【解析】was awarded。考查时态和语态。根据句中时间状语“On October
5th”可知, 用一般过去时。主语Tu与动词award之间为被动关系, 所以用被动语
态。故填was awarded。
4. 【解析】to receive。考查动词不定式。当名词前有序数词修饰时, 要用动词
不定式作后置定语。根据该句中的“the first native Chinese person”可以判断, 该
句应用动词不定式作 person的后置定语。故填to receive。
5. 【解析】it。考查it的用法。分析该句结构可知, 动词不定式短语“to fight for
the health of all humans”作真正的主语, it作形式主语。故填it。
6. 【解析】which /that。考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知, 该句为定语从句,
先行词为 medicine, 设空处在从句中作主语, 指物, 所以用 which或that引导该定
语从句。故填which /that。
7. 【解析】recipes。考查名词的数。名词recipe为可数名词, 根据前面的数词
2, 000可知, 用复数形式。故填recipes。
8. 【解析】trying。考查非谓语动词。 spend time doing sth. 为固定搭配, 意为“花费时间做某事”, 所以用v. -ing形式。故填trying。
9. 【解析】from。考查介词。句意: 根据世界卫生组织的数据, 全世界大约有2亿人患有疟疾, 每年大约有50万人死于疟疾。 suffer from为固定搭配, 意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。故填from。
10. 【解析】effective。考查形容词。句意: 青蒿素仍然是当今世界已知的最有效的治疗疟疾的药物。根据定冠词the, 并结合句意可知, 这里用形容词形式。故填effective。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
(2021·台州高二检测)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Jim发邮件询问你敬佩的科学家。请你回复邮件, 内容包括:
1. 人物简介;
2. 敬佩的原因。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dear Jim,
In response to your letter inquiring about the scientists I admire, I’m more than
delighted to brief you on the one I respect most - Zhong Nanshan.
Born in Nanjing in October 1936, Zhong Nanshan is a leading model of society
as well as an academic acknowledged universally. Without his exquisite medical
skills and dogged persistence, China couldn’t have made groundbreaking
achievements in the battle against the deadly COVID-19. Such is Zhong Nanshan,
who is definitely worthy of my heartfelt admiration and respect.
How about yours Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
(2021·温州高二检测)
假定你是李华, 你想写封邮件邀请你校留学生Robert 和你们全班同学在周六一起去Green Village感受美丽乡村。请根据以下内容完成这封邮件:
1. 乡村介绍;
2. 活动安排;
3. 往返时间、方式。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Robert,
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Robert,
I’m Li Hua. I’m writing to invite you to visit Green Village, a charming village
in this area. Here’s a look at it.
Green Village, whose villagers are friendly, is surrounded by green fields and
thick forests. We’re going to spend two hours exploring the local museum to learn
about the long history of the village. After that, we shall travel through the village
by ourselves.
We plan to meet at the school gate at 9 a. m. this Saturday and come back in the afternoon by bus. If you will join, please email me soon.
Yours,
Li Hua(共12张PPT)
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
【导语】The Inventor是由Manic Drive这支来自加拿大多伦多的福音摇滚乐队演唱的。乐队成立于1996年, 早期以“One Cross”之名和众多音乐团体在欧美各国展开演唱之旅, 并有多张音乐专辑和EP面世。
注: 听音填空
The Inventor
Here I am
Just another common peculiar man
A scared apprentice
All dressed up in dark past tenths
Disrupt my daydream
①________________
And let me in
Open up that door
Full of hope
Full of curiosity
②____________
Life spent without reasoning
Fix my darkness
With nothing else but your candlelight
A new beginning
③__________
A life still questioning
Empty in life
A new end
A tasteful remedy
Could you tell me your name
Oh, Great Inventor
Would it be the same if I knew
Could you show me your plan
No, I can’t understand
④____________
Years it’s been
You made time travel with
What you do
no machinery
Your work your art so innovating
Contraptions of new life
To aid the thieves that killed the lamb
Stand here waiting
【词海拾贝】
译文:
《发明家》
我在这里
只是另一个常见的古怪人
一个恐惧的学徒
带着黑暗过去的一线生机
破坏我的白日梦
打开那扇门
让我进来
充满希望
充满好奇心
空虚的生活
没有理性的生活
修复我的黑暗
唯用你的烛光
一个新的开始
一个新的结束
生活仍在质疑
一个高雅的解决方法
你能告诉我你的名字吗
哦, 伟大的发明家
如果我知道, 它会是一样的吗
你能告诉我你的计划吗
不, 我不能理解
你做了什么
多年过去了
你徒步与时间赛跑
你的创作你的艺术如此新颖
新生命的发明
去帮助那些杀死羔羊的小偷们
站在这里等待
