(共31张PPT)
非谓语动词
2022年中考英语第二轮复习
知识导图
不定式的句法功能
考点 1
动词不定式
功能 用法 例句
作主语 谓语动词用第三人称单数;为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语。 To do morning exercises is good for our health.→It's good for our health to do morning exercises.
作宾语 位于及物动词后面。 Tom promised to come at nine o'clock.
新知导入
功能 用法 例句
作状语 表目的。 When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
表结果。 Paul is too excited to say anything.
表原因。 I'm sorry to hear that your mother is ill in hospital.
功能 用法 例句
作宾语补足语 与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系,宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作 We invited him to make a speech at the meeting.
功能 用法 例句
作表语 位于系动词之后。 A good way to train the brain is to do some math exercises every day.
[人教九(全)Unit 1 P7]
作定语 位于所修饰的名词之后。 Joining a summer camp is a great chance to spend free time with your friends.
拓展
(1)常见接动词不定式作宾语的动词
wish希望 offer提供 decide决定
help帮助 learn学习 agree赞成
refuse拒绝 hope希望 want想要
expect期望 promise答应 plan打算
manage设法做成 afford承担得起(后果)
prepare准备
(2)常见接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词
allow允许 order命令 teach教
ask要求 want想要 invite邀请
wish希望 encourage鼓励 tell告诉
warn警告 advise建议 expect期望
(3)使用动词不定式的主要句型
句型 例句
It's one's turn to do sth.
意为“轮到某人做某事了”。 It's my turn to tell a story.
It's time to do sth.=It's time for sth. 意为“是该做……的时候了”。 It's time to enjoy the rice noodles![人教八(上)Unit 8 P63]
sb.+ be + adj. + to do sth.
意为“某人因……而……”。 I'm sorry to keep you waiting so long.
句型 例句
It is+adj.+of/for sb. to do sth.
意为“某人做某事真是太……了/
对某人来说做某事是……的” It is important for us to develop a green lifestyle.
[译林牛津八(下)Unit 8 P119]
find/think/feel it+adj.+to do sth.意为“发现/认为/感到做某事是……的” Brad found it hard to understand American idioms.
(4)常见省略to的动词不定式的固定句型
①had better (not) do sth.
②would rather do sth.
③prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
④Why not do sth. =Why don't you do sth.
经典范例
(2021·上海松江·一模)
It is not a good idea _________ a picnic on windy days.
A.have B.to have C.having D.had
【典例1】
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在刮风的日子野餐不是个好主意。考查动词不定式作主语。have举行,动词原形;to have不定式;having现在分词或动名词;had过去式。动词短语have a picnic意为“举行野餐”;句型“It’s+形容词+to do…”意为“做某事怎么样”,其中it是形式主语,“to do”是句子真正的主语。本句逻辑上的真主语为to have a picnic “去野餐”,故选B。
B
课堂练习
经典范例
(2021·吉林九台·一模)
________ is hard for me ________ the work in such a short time.
A.It, to finishing B.It, finish C.It, to finish D.It, finishing
【典例2】
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我很难在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。
考查非谓语动词。根据短语“It is +adj. for sb. to do sth.(做某事对某人来说怎么样)”可知,第一空应填It作形式主语,第二空应填不定式作真正的主语。故选C。
C
经典范例
(2022·上海金山·一模)
The officer refused ________ the man enter the hall because he didn’t wear a mask.
A.let B.to let C.lets D.letting
【典例3】
【答案】B
【详解】句意:警官拒绝让那人进入大厅,因为他没有戴口罩。考查动词不定式作宾语。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”,固定搭配,动词不定式作宾语。故选B。
B
经典范例
(2022·上海黄浦·一模)
At the meeting, all countries promised _________ greenhouse effect by using less fossil fuel.
A.reduce B.to reduce C.reducing D.to reducing
【典例4】
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在这次会议上,所有国家都承诺通过减少使用化石燃料来减少温室效应。
考查动词不定式。promise to do sth.表示“承诺做某事”,此处使用动词不定式作宾语。故选B。
B
经典范例
(2021·江苏玄武·二模)
Spending the holiday in nearby places has become a trend this year as local governments
encourage people ________ too far.
A.travelling B.not travelling C.travel D.not to travel
【典例5】
【答案】D
【详解】句意:由于地方政府鼓励人们不要到太远的地方旅游,所以在附近的地方度假已经成为今年的一种趋势。
考查非谓语动词。固定搭配:encourage sb. (not) to do sth.“鼓励某人(不)做某事”,动词不定式作宾补。故选D。
D
经典范例
(2021·重庆巴南·一模)
Our teachers ask us ________ masks in public to protect ourselves from COVID-19.
A.wear B.to wear C.not to wear D.not wearing
【典例6】
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们的老师要求我们在公共场合戴口罩,以保护自己免受COVID-19病毒的侵害。考查非谓语动词。wear动词原形;to wear动词不定式;not to wear动词不定式的否定形式;not wearing不搭配。要求某人干某事:ask sb. to do sth.,固定短语。故选B。
B
经典范例
(2021·山东东明·模拟预测)
—Could you tell me ________ my English
—By listening and speaking more.
A.what to improve B.where to improve C.how to improve
【典例7】
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我怎样提高英语水平吗?——多听多说。考查非谓语动词。what“什么”;how“怎样”;根据“By listening and speaking more.”可知,上文是说如何提高英语,此处用how+不定式短语,how to improve my English“如何提高我的英语”,故选C。
C
动名词的句法功能
考点 2
动名词
功能 用法 例句
作主语 谓语动词用单数形式,表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作 Seeing is believing.
作
宾
语 动宾 表示一般的习惯,抽象行为或经常性的动作。 I really enjoyed walking around the town.
介宾 Thank you for telling me about the news.
功能 用法 例句
作表语 用以说明主语的内容。多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语 My hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is my hobby.
作定语 放在名词前,说明该名词的性能或用途,不表动作 There is a washing machine over there.
拓展
finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,be busy,practice,have fun,have trouble/problem(in),spend...(in),feel like,be used to(习惯于),give up,keep on,consider,suggest,can’t help
完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’t help,feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)
(2)常见既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词作宾语的动词
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
remember to do sth.记得要去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(未做)
stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
need doing sth.需要做某事(被动含义)
need to do sth.需要去做另一件事(主动含义)
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try to do sth.尽力做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
start doing sth.开始做某事(同一件事)
start to do sth.开始做某事(另一件事)
经典范例
(2021·辽宁营口·中考真题)
The lecture(讲座)is worth ________. Please tell John ________ late.
A.attend; not be B.to attend; to be C.attended; to being D.attending; not to be
【典例1】
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这个讲座值得参加。请告诉约翰不要迟到。
考查非谓语动词。固定搭配:be worth doing sth.,表示“值得做某事”,第一空应用动名词形式attending,表示“参加”,在句中作宾语;固定搭配:tell sb. (not) to do sth.,表示“告诉某人(不)要做某事”,根据“The lecture is worth...”可知,此处指告诉约翰不要迟到,第二空应为not to be。故选D。
D
课堂练习
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我父母习惯于晚饭后散步。考查非谓语。be used to do sth被用来做某事;be used to doing sth习惯于做某事,结合语境,此处应用动名词形式,表示习惯于散步,故选C。
经典范例
(2021·广西梧州·中考真题)
My parents are used to ________ after supper.
A.walk B.walks C.walking D.walked
【典例2】
C
经典范例
(2021·山东·青岛市九年级)
Sue, remember ________ off the lights when you ________ the living room.
A.turning; leaving B.to turn; leave C.turning; left D.to turn; leaving
【典例3】
【答案】B
【详解】句意:苏,离开客厅时记得关灯。
考查非谓语动词及谓语动词。remember to do sth记得去做某事(未做);remember doing sth记得做过某事(已做)。第二空在句中作谓语,排除AD,动作还未发生,不用一般过去时,排除C,故选B。
B
综合提升
1. (2021重庆A卷)The villagers plan ________ a new bridge over the river.
A. build B. building C. to build D. built
2. (2021苏州)During our holidays, we should avoid ________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.
A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying
3. (2021遂宁改编)My parents don't allow me ________ my phone on school days.
A. to use B. use C. using D. used
C
D
A
4. If you have any trouble ________ these words, you can repeat them over and over again.
A. pronounces B. pronounce
C. to pronounce D. pronouncing
5. Our teacher asks us not ________ to turn off the lights when we leave the classroom.
A. forget B. to forget C. forgetting D. forgot
D
B
6. We should try to face the difficulties instead of ________ away from them.
A. run B. runs C. running D. to run
7. Jason's parents encourage him ________ his hobby by taking part in activities.
A. develop B. developed C. to develop D. developing
8. In order to be more independent, I decide ________ cooking from my mom.
A. learn B. learned C. to learn D. learning
C
C
C
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