2022年中考英语真题限时阅读系列 每日一练（8）—（泛读+精读）（含答案解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022年中考真题限时练八
“Colour” and “color”, “favourite” and “favorite”, “honour” and “honor”…Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u” Is it because they are lazy Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was started by Noah Webster(1758-1843). He was a teacher who reformed English to make American identity stronger. Linguists（语言学家）celebrate his birthday on October 16 every year.After the Revolutionary War(1775-1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British dictionaries.He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like what they sounded. He used “subway” instead of British word “underground”. Some other examples are “soccer” and “football”, “fall” and “autumn”.Webster wasn’t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining preposterous (unreasonable), he wrote: “A republican government in the hands of female is preposterous.”Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70, 000-word dictionary with his American-style spelling in 1828. He also added local words.His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new country achieve unity（统一）and cultural independence at a time when most people cared about political freedom.“He was the creator of our language and the creator of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a book about Webster. “He at last brought us together through our language.”1. Why do Americans spell some words without a “u” A. Because the Americans are very lazy.B. Because the American English developed when people used it.C. Because the American government reformed the spelling of words.D. Because a linguist named Noah Webster started the reform in spelling.2. Which is NOT true about Webster’s dictionary A. It has local words in it.B. It is a 70,000-word dictionary.C. All the words are spelled without “u”.D. Its words are in American-style spelling.3. What does the underlined phrase “rely on” in Paragraph 3 mean A. 依赖 B. 信任C. 容忍 D. 放弃4. What do people think of Webster’s dictionary A. It is the only dictionary that Americans still use today.B. It helped to bring Americans together besides its cultural influence.C. It has no influence on the development of American English.D. It helped to make American English more useful than British English.5. What’s the main idea of the passage A. The development of the British English.B. American English is better than British English.C. Noah Webster added local words to the dictionary.D. Noah Webster wrote an American English dictionary and reformed English. 【词汇积累】reform v. 出版，刊登；发表；公布identity n. 身份；个性；一致define v. 阐明；限定；给…下定义preposterous adj. 反常的；荒谬可笑的词汇运用
从“词汇积累”中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式完成下列各题。1.I had guessed the identity of her lover.2.How do you define laziness 3.The result of the competition is preposterous.4.We are going to reform this law.【短语积累】in fact事实上，实际上rather than而不是rely on依靠，依赖change...into...改变...变成...instead of而不是in the hands of 在…掌握中；交托给；由…处理[负责]；被…控制work on从事于，致力于【难句分析】1.He was a teacher who reformed English to make American identity stronger. 分析：本句主语he, was是系动词，a teacher是表语。其中who reformed English to make American identity stronger是定语从句，修饰a teacher。 动词不定式to make American identity stronger做目的状语。2.And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like what they sounded. 分析：本句动词不定式to learn English做目的状语。其中by spelling words more like what they sounded是以by引导的方式状语从句。
【译文】颜色”和“颜色”、“最喜欢”和“最喜欢”、“荣誉”和“荣誉”……你有没有想过为什么美国人在拼写这些词时没有“u”？是因为他们很懒惰吗？当然不是。事实上，这种拼写上的差异是由诺亚·韦伯斯特（1758-1843）开始研究的。他是一名教师，他改革了英语（改革），使美国人的身份（特征）更强大。语言学家（语言学家）每年都在10月16日庆祝他的生日。在独立战争（1775-1783）后，韦伯斯特认为美国人应该有自己的字典，而不是依赖英国的字典。他放弃了英国人的“u”。他把“中心”改成了“中心”，让孩子们学习英语，拼写单词更像它们的发音。他用的是“地铁”，而不是英语中的“地铁”。其他一些例子是“足球”和“足球”、“秋天”和“秋天”。韦伯斯特并不羞于表达他的观点。在定义（定义）荒谬（不合理）时，他写道：“一个掌握在女性手中的共和政府是荒谬的。”韦伯斯特花了28年的时间，在1828年用他的美国式拼写完成了这个7万字的词典。他还添加了当地的词汇。他的字典在学校里被广泛使用。语言学家认为，在大多数人都关心政治自由的时候，它帮助一个新国家实现了团结（统一）和文化独立。“他是我们语言的创造者和美国身份的创造者，”约书亚·肯德尔说，他正在写一本关于韦伯斯特的书。“他终于通过我们的语言把我们走到一起。” 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D【解析】文章介绍了Noah Webster编制字典，研究美式英语，希望美式英语有自己的特点以及他对美国的影响。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“In fact, the difference in spelling was started by Noah Webster(1758-1843). He was a teacher who reformed（改革）English to make American identity（特征）stronger.”可知，是因为一位名叫诺亚·韦伯斯特的语言学家开始了拼写改革。故选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据“He dropped the British “u” in some words.”可知，是有些单词中没有u，而不是所有的单词中都没有u，故选C。【3题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British dictionaries.”可知，韦伯斯特认为美国人应该有自己的字典，而不是依赖于英国的字典。所以短语“rely on”指的是“依靠，依赖”，故选A。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据“Linguists believed it helped a new country achieve unity（统一）and cultural independence at a time when most people cared about political freedom.”可知，语言学家认为，在大多数人关心政治自由的时候，它帮助一个新国家实现了统一和文化独立。故选B。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据“Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was started by Noah Webster(1758-1843). He was a teacher who reformed（改革）English to make American identity（特征）stronger. Linguists（语言学家）celebrate his birthday on October 16 every year.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍了语言学家诺亚·韦伯斯特写了一本美国英语词典，改革了英语的情况，故选D。