2022年英语中考语法专题_被动语态（word版，含答案）

被动语态
概念：
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
二、使用范围：
①不知道或不必指出动作的执行者
These books are written for children. / We were asked to sing a song.
②强调动作的承受者，这时可带有by引起的短语。
More trees must be planted by us next year.
A new machine was invented by Uncle Wang last month.
③当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态
The whole village was washed away by the flood.
④表示客观的说明常用“It’s +过去分词”句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.
这类句型有：
It’s said that …. 据说……
It’s reported that…. 据报道……
It’s believed that…. 大家相信……
三、被动语态的构成方式：be+p.p.(过去分词)
四、各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 am / is / are + P.P. （1）Do they speak French （2）They don’t use the room . （1）Is French spoken by them （2）The room isn’t used by them .
一般过去时 was / were + p.p. （1）The hunter killed a tiger . （2）He wrote many stories last year . （1）A tiger was killed by the hunter . （2）Many stories was written by him last year .
现在进行时 am / is / are +being +p.p. （1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car . （1）A new bridge is being built by these workers . （2）His car is being mended by him .
★过去进行时 was / were + being + p.p. （1）He was selling books . （2）They were discussing the plan at that time . （1）Books were being built by him . （2）The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
现在完成时 have / has + been + p. p. （1）She has learned many English words . （2）He has finished the work . （1）Many English words have been learned by her . （2）The work has been finished by him .
★过去完成时 had + been + p.p. （1）They has solved the problem . （2）We had told him the news by then . （1）The problem had been solved by them . （2）The news had been told to him by us .
一般将来时 shall / will be + p.p. be going to be+ p.p. （1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour . （1）A plan will be made by me . （2）The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour .
★过去将来时 would be + p.p. was/ were going to be + p.p. （1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . （1）He told me the room would be painted by them . （2）A play was going to be put by them the next week .
情态动词 can / may / must / should + be + p.p. （1）We should hand in our homework . （2）You must answer the question in English . （1）Our homework should be handed in by us . （2）The question must be answered in English by you .
五、主动语态的句子变成被动语态的句子的方法：
1) 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
2) 把谓语动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语而变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3) 原主动句的主语如需要则放在介词by后面(注意代词以它的宾格形式出现)，构成介词短语放在谓语动词后，如不需要则可省略。
4) 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
We Visited that factory last summer 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factory was visited （by us） last summer 被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
被动语态注意事项：
1、有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有使役动词（let, make, have）和感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, notice)。可简记为：一感，二听，三让，四看。 例如：
I saw him climb up the hill. →He was seen to climb up the hill.
We heard him sing in his room just now. →He was heard to sing in his room just now.
2、有些动词可以接两个宾语（间宾和直宾），变为被动语态时，只将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语不变。主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for或to，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。要求用to的常见动词有：give/pass/lend/send/show/teach/tell/bring/take/leave/throw...
要求用for的常见动词有：make/buy/do/get/order/cook/sing/find...
例如：
1）We gave him some books.
→He was given some books (by us). 或 Some books were given to him (by us).
He gave me a book.
→A book was given to me by him. 或 I was given a book by him.
He showed me a ticket.
→A ticket was shown to me by him. 或 I was showed a ticket by him.
My father bought me a new bike.
→A new bike was bought for me by my father. 或 I was bought a new bike by my father.
3、一些短语动词用于被动语态时，应当看作一个整体，而不要漏掉其中的介词或副词。如： look after, laugh at, take care of, listen to, take off, look at, look up…
We can’t laugh at him. → He can’t be laughed at by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
4、主动语态中如有“宾语+宾补”，又叫复合宾语，变为被动语态时，只将宾语变为被动句的主语，补语位置保持不变，也不能变成主语。但是，叫法上则是主语补足语了。例如：
They asked him to take the medicine. →He was asked to take the medicine.
We found him working in the fields. →He was found working in the fields.
七、不使用被动语态的几种情况：
1、不及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。这类动词或动词短语如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，end(结束)，last(持续)等。例如：
What was happened to him？(错误)
What happened to him？ (正确)
2、系动词（包括感官动词）无被动语态（keep除外），用主动形式表示被动意义。如：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn。例如：
The flower smells sweet.
The dish tastes delicious.
The cloth feels very soft.
3、当write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook, open, close, lock, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
His book doesn’t sell well. 他的书不好销。
This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。
The parcel carries easily. 包裹容易搬运。
注：该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用。
4、want, need, require, worth等词后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。这种结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义。例如：
The children need looking after. =The children need to be looked after.
The table wants cleaning. =The table wants to be cleaned.
【中考题型展示】
1. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week . （天津市）
A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
2. To make our city more beautiful , rubbish into the river . （重庆市）
A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown
C. can’t throw D. may not throw
3. You may go fishing if your work . （河北省）
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done
4. The trees must three times a week . （长沙市）
A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters
5. — I won’t come to the party unless Sue , too . （江西省）
— You mean if Sue comes you’ll come
A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited
6. I like my new bike . It very well . （江西省）
A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden
7. Mr. Chen has a loud voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom .
(台湾省）
A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard
8. — It’s time to do your homework , Jack .
— Yes , Mum . I’ll turn off the TV as soon as the programme . （广州市）
A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end
9. You to the meeting , why didn’t you go （山西省）
A. be invited B. will be invited C. were invited D. are invited
10. A lot of trees along the river last year . （四川省）
A. planted B. are planted C. were planted
【实战模拟】
一、选择填空
1. The rivers smells terrible People must dirty things into it .
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw D. stop form throwing
2. Paper first invented in China .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. — Do you like the flower — Yes , it sweet .
A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells
4. It snowed heavily last night . The ground thick snow .
A. was covered with B. was filled with
C. was made of D. covered with
5. The light in the room before you leave .
A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off
6. the kind of question often in your class , Ann
A. Does , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , ask
7. The bridge in three weeks .
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds
8. The old men and the children must in our country .
A. take good care B. be taken good care
C. take good care of D. be taken good care of
9. Paul doesn’t have to be made . He always works hard .
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
10. The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the class .
A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at
11. We that the English test next Monday .
A. are told , gives B. tell , will give
C. are told , will be given D. told , is going to be given
12. Great changes place in China since 1978 .
A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took
13. the red pencil-box by your father last week
A. Has , bought B. Was , bought C. Does , buy D. Did , buy
14. Mary many songs at the party .
A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing
15. trees usually in April
A. Have , planted B. Are , planted C. Do , plant D. Were , planted
16. When we got there, the broken road repaired .
A. is being B. was being C. has been D. /
17. The windows of the room once a week .
A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning
18. In 1620 , about half the USA forests .
A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with
19. The young tree the stick .
A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with
20. A present me by my friend on my birthday .
A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to
21. By was the book
A. who , wrote B. whom , write C. whom , written D. whom , writing
22. Films about crime and violence（暴力与犯罪） by young children .
A. should not see B. should be not seen
C. should not be seen D. should be seen
23. In warm weather fruit and meat long .
A. can’t be kept B. don’t keep C. is not kept D. aren’t keeping
24. Half of the world’s telephone calls in English .
A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made
25. That building now .
A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds
26. The trees in our school every Friday afternoon .
A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water
27. More “ Great Green Walls ” must all over the world .
A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built
28. His school bag by a woman ten minutes ago .
A. took away B. was taken away C. was taken off D. is taken
29. It that she very clever .
A. was said , is B. was said , were C. is said , is D. is said , is being
30. Yesterday a visitor something about his hometown .
A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked
31. — Do you like this kind of paper — Yes, it very nice .
A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels
32. These books well .
A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell
33. The boy lost on his way home yesterday .
A. got B. is C. gets D. has
34. Though the coat is a bit large now, it me very soon .
A. will be fit B. will fit C. fit D. fits
35. Football everywhere in the world .
A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays
36. Everybody here was a present .
A. gave B. given C. To give D. Giving
37. A new factory in our city last year .
A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building
38. All trees must well when it is dry .
A. be watered B. are watered C. water D. be watering
39. This shirt silk .
A. must be made in B. make by C. must be made of D. must be made by
40. These books good care of .
A. must taken B. must take C. have to take D. must be taken
41. Stamps by people for sending letters .
A. use B. in using C. used D. are used
42. More trees next year .
A. will be planted B. will plant C. have planted D. are planting
43. — When the People’s Republic of China
— On October 1，1949 .
A. did …found B. was …found C. was … founded D. is … founded
44. Today, too many trees are still in the world .
A. cutting down B. cut down C. being cut down D. cutted
45. This kind of machine Japan .
A. is made by B. is made from C. is made in D. is made of
46. The teacher says that the man will .
A. be well taken care B. well look after C. take care well D. be well looked after
47. — I think the shop .
— No , It’s open . It at six .
A. is close … close B. is closed … closes C. closed … closes D. is closed
48. I was astonished（吃惊）to hear that the colour TV set 5 , 000 yuan .
A. has cost B. cost C. costed D. was cost
49. Great changes place since he came here .
A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. has taken
50. He was seen something from the shop .
A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed
二、将下列句子改为被动语态
1. Uncle Tom grows tomatoes in the field every year.
Tomatoes _________ _________ by Uncle Tom in the field every year.
2. They built that bridge five years ago.
That bridge _________ _________ five years ago.
3. Our teacher often gives us some good advice.
Some good advice _________ often _________ _________ us.
4. We must do something to protect the wild animals.
Something must _________ _________ to protect the wild animals.
5. We built another new bridge over the Huangpu River last year.
Another new bridge _________ _________ over the Huangpu River last year.
6. Who cleaned the classroom for us last Friday
By_________ _________ the classroom cleaned for us last Friday
7. We will read this science book very carefully.
This science book _________ _________ read very carefully.
8. They have built another new building there.
Another new building _________ _________ built there.
9. We should keep our flat clean and tidy.
Our flat should _________ _________ clean and tidy.
10. We can see plastic bags full of fruits.
Plastic bags full of fruits can _________ _________ .
11. Parents should allow their children to choose their own clothes.
Their children should _________ _________ to choose their own clothes.
12. Mary is drawing a beautiful picture.
A beautiful picture _________ _________ _________ by Mary.
三、根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。
去年我们学校建了一个新的游泳池。
Last year, a new swimming pool _________ _________ in our school.
2. 我门学校正在举行运动会。
The sports meeting _________ _________ _________ in our school.
3. 许多科学家将会被邀请参加下个月的会议。
Many scientists_________ _________ _________ _________attend the meeting next month.
4. 他被迫离开了他的家乡。
He _________ _________ _________ leave his hometown.
5. 人们常常听到他唱这首歌。
He _________ _________ _________ _________ sing the song.
6. 病人在这里得到了很好的照顾。
The sick _________ _________ good _________ _________ here.
7. 那个报道已被证明为不真实。
The report _________ _________ _________ _________be false.
8. 必须阻止中国的人口增长。
China's population must _________ _________ _________ _________ .
9. 人们应该被允许表达自我。
People should _________ _________ _________express themselves.
10. 我已经买了一些书给他。
Some books _________ already _________ _________ _________ him by me.
11. 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。
This is the magazine which _________ _________ _________ _________ by post .
12. 不能嘲笑有困难的人。
People _________ _________ mustn’t_________ _________ _________.
参考答案
一、选择填空
1—5 BCDAD 6—10 BCDBD 11—15 CBBDB 16—20 BCBAB
21—25 CCAAC 26—30 ADBCA 31—35 DDABA 36—40 BCACD
41—45 DACCC 46—50 DBBBB
二、将下列句子改为被动语态
1. are grown 2. was built 3. is given to 4. be done 5. was built 6. whom was
7. will be 8. has been 9. be kept 10. be seen 11. be allowed 12. is being drawn
三、根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。
1. was built 2. is being held 3. will be invited to 4. was made to
5. is often heard to 6. were taken care of 7. has been proved to
8. be stopped from growing 9. be allowed to 10. have been bought for
11. was sent to me 12. in trouble be laughed at