山东省滨州市中考二轮复习语法专项（简单句与主谓一致）知识点+当堂检测+冲刺闯关（word版，含答案）

专题十二、简单句与主谓一致强化
疑问句
1.一般疑问句
一般疑问句是把be动词、助动词、情态动词置于句首,直接用yes或no来回答的
问句。 Are you good at math 你擅长数学吗 Can you swim 你会游泳吗
2.特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是把疑问代词what,who,whom,whose,which,疑问副词when,where,
how,why和疑问词组how many,how much,how old,how long,how often,how
soon,how far等放在句首提问的句子,不能用yes或no来回答。
3.选择疑问句
选择疑问句是说话者提供两种或两种以上的情况要求对方选择一种情况回答的 问句。
(1)一般选择疑问句结构:一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句(后一般疑问句常用省略结 构,省去意义上与前一般疑问句相同的部分)。
—Do you like swimming or skating —I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。
(2)特殊选择疑问句结构:特殊疑问句+A+or+B。
Which do you prefer,cold drinks or hot 你更喜欢冷饮还是热饮
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句是附着在陈述句之后,对陈述部分所述事实或观点提出疑问的句子。
附加反意疑问部分要与前面的陈述部分用逗号隔开,句末用问号。如果陈述部分
是肯定结构,附加反意疑问部分就用否定结构,反之亦然。此问句可用yes或no来
回答。附加反意疑问部分的主语要用代词,并与陈述部分主语一致,谓语动词在
人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致。
祈使句
祈使句句式 肯定形式 否定形式
Do型:(please)动词原形+其他 (Please)Sit down!(请)坐下! Don’t stand up!不要站起来!
Be型:be+表语 Be quiet! 安静! Don’t be late for class!上课不要迟到!
Let型:let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Let’s have another try. 让我们再试一下。 Don’t let the boy draw here. =Let the boy not draw here.不要让那个男孩在这儿乱画。
No型:no+名词/动名词 No parking! 禁止停车! No littering! 禁止丢垃圾!
感叹句
通常用what或how引导,用来表示强烈的感情。
1.以How开头的感叹句
(1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他! How heavy the rain is!这么大的雨呀!
(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
How kind a girl she is! 她是一个多么善良的女孩啊!
2.以What开头的感叹句
(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What a smart boy he is! 多么聪明的一个男孩啊!
(2)What+形容词+名词复数形式(+主语+谓语)!
What tall trees they are!多么高的树啊!
(3)What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What delicious food you’ve made! 你做了多么好吃的食物啊!
主谓一致
1.语法一致原则
1.主语是单数名词或代词时,谓语动词用单数;主语是复数名词或代词时,谓语动词用复数。 My brother is very tall.我弟弟很高。 They like English very much.
2.and或both...and...连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。
Mike and Jack are good friends. 迈克和杰克是好朋友。
Both my sister and I are tall.我妹妹和我都很高。
3.当主语后面跟有 with,without,together with,along with,except,besides,but,as well as,like,including,rather than等词或短语时,谓语动词与前面 的主语保持一致(即就远原则)。 The boy together with his parents works hard.
4.动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
To learn English well is not easy. 把英语学好不容易。
Running is good for us.跑步对我们有益。
5.由either,neither,each,one,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,somebody,anybody, everybody, something,anything,nothing,everything等作主语或修饰
主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 Either of the answers is OK.
Everyone is here.每个人都在这里。
2.意义一致原则
1.表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、重量等的短语作主语时,常表示一个整体概念,谓语动词通常用单数 Ten years is a long time.
2.集体名词如 family,class,group等作主语表示整体时用单数,表示集体中的具体成员时用复数。 His family is a big family. His family are watching TV.
3.某些名词如 people(people 指“民族”时除外),police等,形式上是单数但意义上是复数,作主语时谓语动词要用复数。 How many people are there in your family
The police haven’t caught the thief yet.
4.maths,physics,politics等科目名称和news 本身不表示复数意义,作主语时谓语动词用单数。 I think maths is an interesting subject. 我认为数学是一门有趣的学科。
5.trousers,shoes,glasses,pants等为复数名词,作主语时谓语动词用复数。但当它们前面有 pair of,kind of等修饰时,则根据 pair和kind的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数形式。 His trousers are too long. This pair of shoes is mine.
6.“the+形容词”表示一类人和“the+姓氏的复数形式”表示夫妇或一家人作主语 时,谓语动词用复数。 The old need more help.
The Greens are leaving for Shanghai next week.
7.分数、百分比及 some,half of,part of,lots of,the rest of等后接不可数名词或单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;接复数名词时,谓语动词用复数。
Two thirds of the work has been finished. 工作已完成三分之二。
3.就近原则
1.在there be句型和以here开头的句子中,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
There is a book and three dictionaries on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和三本字典。
2.either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also,or,not...but...等结构连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
Neither he nor I am going to Beijing. 他和我都不去北京。
当堂检测
1. Ben, 　　climb the tree.It is very dangerous. (2021青海)
A.doesn’t B.not C.don’t D.isn’t
2. Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow.If you don’t go, 　　　. (2021温州)
A.so do I B.neither do I C.neither will I D.so I do
3. Look at the photo of the Smiths.　　　 happy they are! (2021昆明)
A.How B.What C.How a D.What a
4.—　　　 do you go to the school library —Twice a week.(2021宿迁)
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How much
5.—　 　 　 nice day it is today! Let’s go out to play.—That’s a good idea.
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
6.—Ivy, 　　　 hard you are working! (2021重庆)
—My mother always says that the more hard-working we are, the luckier we will be. A.how B.what C.what a D.what an
7.—Yuan Longping,the father of hybrid rice,passed away on May 22.
—　　　 sad news! His death is a huge loss for our country.(2021广元)
A.How B.What a C.What D. How a
8. Climbing hills 　　　 good for our health. (2021盐城)
A.was B.were C.is D.are
9.—What 　　　 the number of the students in your school (2021贺州)
—About two thousand.A number of them 　　　 from England.
A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are
10. Neither my father nor my mother 　　 rock music. They think that it’s too 　　.
A.like; noise B.likes; noise C.likes; noisy D. like ; noisy
11.Both Mike and his sister Lucy　　　 good at Chinese. (2021海南改编)
A.is B.am C.are D.be
12.Not only my parents but also my sister 　　　 crazy about this TV play. (2021抚顺) A.is B.are C.have D.has
13.—There 　　　a basketball game against Class Two this Sunday. .(2021乐山)
—I see.I will come and cheer you on
A.will have B.is going to be C.is going to have D. are going to be
14.The number of people in the city　　　about seven million now. (2021益阳)
A.are B.has C.is D.have
中考冲刺闯关
21.—Have you seen the movie Wolf Warriors II
—Yes. This is educational film and it has become one of most popular films in the world.
A. a; / B. a; the C. an; the D. /; the
22.—More and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera.
—That’s true. It’s an important part of Chinese　　　.
A. culture B. invention C. custom D. influence
23.—Nick, I lost my pen and I couldn’t find　　　 anywhere.
—There are many pens in that box. Just take　　　.
A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one
24. I could　　　 control my feelings at the moment. The song brought back so many childhood memories. A. hardly B. really C. clearly D. nearly
25.— I swim here —I’m sorry. Children 　　　 swim alone here. It’s very dangerous.
A. Must; can’t B. May; must C. Can; mustn’t D. Can’t; can
26.—　　　 convenient it is to live in China!—Yes, we’ve got WeChat, shared bikes, Alipay, etc.
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
27.You are talented young adults 　　　 are full of hope for the future.
A. which B. when C. who D. where
28.People now in many big cities have to　　　 early to avoid the heavy traffic in the morning.
A. set out B. put out C. take out D. give out
29.—What do you think of your junior high school life
—I think it is enjoyable, 　　　 I sometimes have some trouble in study.
A. if B. though C. while D. until
30.—Home is 　　　 place wherever you go.—Yes. There’s no place like home.
A. warm B. warmer C. warmest D. the warmest
31.Don’t stay inside　　　 such a sunny morning. Let’s go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers. A. on B. in C. from D. at
32. Nowadays, farmers leave their hometown to search for work in the cities.
A. million of B. two millions C. millions of D. two millions of
33.—I’ve made little progress in math during this term.—Don’t worry. .
A. It’s never too old to learn B. Rome was not built in a day
C. Well begun is half done D. The early bird catches the worm
34.—Dad, can you tell me　　　 I miss her very much.—Next month, dear.
A. when my mum will come back B. when will my mum come back
C. how my mum goes to work D. where will my mum go
35.—Would you please come to my birthday party with me tonight
—　　　. I suppose we will have a wonderful night!
A. No way B. Have a good time C. Not exactly D. My pleasure
练习题答案
1-5 CCABB 6-10 ACCAC 11-14 CABC
中考冲刺闯关
21－25 CABAC 26－30 DCABD 31－35 ACBAD