人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit4 Space Exploration重点单词趣味解读及练习3课件36张PPT

(共36张PPT)
版本：新人教
单元：必修三 Unit 4 (Listening and Speaking — Reading and Thinking)
单
词
课
堂
1. astronaut astro- (star, outer space 星辰、外太空) + naut (sailor 水手) → 外太空的水手 → 宇航员
2. procedure pro- (forward 向前) + ced (to go 行走) + -ure (名词后缀：表示方式) → 前行的方式 → 步骤；手续；程序
3. mental 词源同 mind，词根 men (to think)
词块：physical and mental health
派生词：mentally
4. rocket 名词动词化：飞速上升；飞驰
5. vehicle 正式用语
隐喻：具体的“交通工具” → 抽象的“手段 / 工具”
6. universe uni- (one 一) + verse (to turn 转) → 转为一体的 → 宇宙
用法：与 the 连用
派生词：universal
本单元词汇梳理
7. determine de- (off 向下) + termine (to mark the end or boundary
划界限) → 明确；确定
正式用语
词块：determine to do sth
词族：determine, determined, determination
8. launch 词源义“投掷 (长矛)”，引申词义“发射；发动” (可联系嫦娥五号)
9. mankind 合成词 man + kind
10. transmit trans- (cross 横过) + mit (to send 送) → 输送；传送
11. data 词块：collect / gather data, data bank, big data
12. disappointed disappoint + -ed (分词形容词)
disappoint: dis- (不、非、使相反) + appoint (指定、任命) → 没有指定、任命 → 使失望
词族: disappoint, disappointed, disappointing, disappointment
13. desire 词源：from the stars（星辰）。古代的占星术是通过星辰移位来推测世事变迁，期望星辰按理想的状态运行，引申为“渴望”。
词块: satisfy one’s desire to do sth, a desire for, desire to do sth
14. carry on carry on doing sth, carry on with sth
15. ongoing 合成词 on + going，也可以写作 on-going
16. independent 词块：be independent of sb
派生词：independently, independence
17. spacecraft space (太空) + craft (船只、飞行器) → 航天器；宇宙飞船，单复数同形
18. spacewalk space (太空) + walk (行走) → 太空行走
19. signal sign (mark 记号) + -al (名词后缀) → 信号；暗号
名词动词化：发信号；表明
重难点词
精讲
disappointed
词族
分词形容词
desire
搭配义
辨析义
determine & determined
一词多义
搭配义
launch
一词多义
英语释义
signal
搭配义
合成词
分词形容词
determine
Your attitude determines your altitude.
你的态度决定你的高度。
determine 和 decide 在程度上和正式上有区别
vt 确定；查明 (establish)：
Investigators are still trying to determine what caused the fire.
vt 支配；影响：
It is your efforts, not your intelligence that determine your success. 2008 湖北
Demand determines supply.
vt & vi 决定；决心 to decide firmly：
I determine to make more efforts to improve my English.
She determined that nothing should be changed in her report.
We determined on an early start.
determine v [正式用语]
de- (off 向下) + termine (to mark the end or boundary 划界限) → 明确；确定
分词形容词
determined adj
有决心的；意志坚定的：
My father was determined that none of his children would be denied an education. 2015 福建改
(be) determined to do sth:
Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to be just as good. 2013 浙江
坚决的；坚定的：
She gave me a determined look — the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind.
determination n [U] 决定；决心；果断
【温故】
（必修一 Unit 3 ）
carry out the plan with determination
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.
launch
2020年11月24日4时30分，我国在中国文昌航天发射场，用长征五号遥五运载火箭成功发射探月工程嫦娥五号探测器（China launched the Chang’e 5 lunar probe at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, aboard the heavy-lift carrier rocket Long March-5）。
12月17日，嫦娥五号返回舱安全着陆，带回了近2公斤的月球样品，首次实现了我国地外天体采样返回。
据词源考证，launch来自 lance“长矛”，原指“掷出长矛”，词源义及基本义为“投掷”。
launch vt
使（船）下水；发射：
China’s first cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-Ⅰ was
launched into space on April 20, 2017.
发动；创办 to start sth big or important：
He decided to launch a new brand of sportswear, competing
with global giants like Nike and Adidas.
把……投放市场 to make a new product available for
sale for the first time：
They held a special party to launch the new book.
n [C] [常用单数] 发射；（新产品的）投放市场；（新书的）发行：
the launch of the first artificial satellite
launch 语义网络图
“投掷”船或火箭
使（船）下水；发射
把……投放市场
发射
v
把产品“投掷”到市场
“投掷”活动等
发动；创办
n
发起
投掷
launch
（基本义）
（新产品的）投放市场；（新书的）发行
disappoint vt 使失望：
disappoint sb’s expectations
I’m sorry to disappoint you, but I can’t come after all.
disappointed
disappointed是disappoint的过去分词形容词。
dis-（不、非、使相反）+ appoint（指定、任命）→ 没有指定、任命 → 使失望
disappointed adj 失望的；沮丧的：
One by one, the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed looks on their faces. 2013 山东
She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.
I’m disappointed in you — I really thought I could trust you!
We were deeply / terribly disappointed to find the museum was closed.
My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didn’t last a tiny bit longer. 2009 湖北
disappointing adj 令人失望的；令人扫兴的：
a disappointing exam result
分词形容词
表示人的感受
表示人 / 物给人带来的感受
disappointment n
[U] 失望；沮丧：
She couldn’t hide her disappointment when he didn’t turn up.
I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. 2018 天津
[C] 令人失望的人；令人扫兴的事情：
The performance was a big disappointment to us.
词族：disappoint, disappointed, disappointing, disappointment
抽象名词具体化
类似“to one’s + 情感类抽象名词”的结构有：to one’s surprise / relief 等
n [C] & [U] 渴望；欲望：
Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. 2019 天津
I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed. 2012 天津
She had little desire for power.
Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”
desire
词源：from the stars（星辰）。古代的占星术是通过星辰移位来推测世事变迁，期望星辰按理想的状态运行，引申为“渴望”。
vt［不用于进行时］［正式用语］渴望；期望：
He is truly rich who desires nothing.
desire to do sth:
He desired to win the game.
desirable adj［正式用语］值得做的；值得拥有的；理想的
辨析 desire, wish, want
三者都含有“想”“希望”之意。
desire 较正式，可代替 wish 和 want，强调主观愿望的热切，有“渴盼”的意思。
● He got the book he desired.
wish 语气比 desire 弱，一般用于难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，强调主观愿望，有“希望、愿、想”之意。
● I wish I could have a new car.
want 多用于口语和普通场合，有“想、要、需要”之意。
● She wants me to go with her.
● All I want is the truth.
signal
traffic signals
交通信号灯
a danger signal
危险信号
signal
手机信号
signal
n [C] 信号；暗号 (sign)；信号灯：
This was a signal for him to continue.
digital TV signals
vi & vt 发信号；示意；vt 表明；标志着：
He signalled wildly for help, but nobody noticed.
The bell signalled that school was over.
signal：sign (mark 记号) + -al (名词后缀) → 信号；暗号
sign 同族词
sign
signal n 信号；暗号
signature n 署名；签名
signify v 表示；说明 ；预示
……
significance
n 重要性；（意义）重大
significant
adj 重要的；显著的
合成名词
说出下列合成名词的汉语释义。
space + walk → spacewalk n _______________
space + craft → spacecraft n _______________
man + kind → mankind n _______________
smart + phone → smartphone n _______________
heart + break → heartbreak n _______________
earth + quake → earthquake n _______________
fire + work → firework n _______________
chair + man → chairman n _______________
太空行走
航天器；宇宙飞船
人类
智能手机
心碎；悲伤
地震
烟火；烟花
主席；董事长
近、现代英语中有大量的合成名词，其意思可以通过构成该合成词的单个词的意思推导出来。
分词形容词
用括号内单词的正确形式完成下列词块，体会分词形容词。
1. 意志坚定的人 a ______________ (determine) person
2. 老牌公司 an ______________ (establish) company
3. 高级学习者 ______________ (advance) learners
4. 人口老龄化 a(n) ______________ (age) population
5. 褪去的颜色 ______________ (fade) colour
6. 破坏性的影响 the ______________ (damage) effects
7. 退休医生 a ______________ (retire) doctor
retired
established
faded
advanced
ag(e)ing
damaging
determined
很多动词的 -ed形式和 -ing 形式已经成为独立词条，称作分词形容词。 其中有一类分词形容词，如动词的___________形式表示动作已完成；动词的___________形式表示动作正在进行。
-ed
-ing
合成形容词
说出下列合成形容词的汉语释义。
out + going → outgoing adj _______________
best + selling → bestselling adj _______________
good + looking → good-looking adj _______________
hard + working → hard-working adj _______________
out + standing → outstanding adj _______________
easy + going → easy-going adj _______________
on + going → ongoing adj _______________
in + coming → incoming adj _______________
外向的
畅销的
好看的 / 漂亮的
工作努力的
优秀的 / 杰出的
随和的
持续进行的
（短信、邮件等） 进来的
“形容词 / 副词 + 动词-ing”可构成合成形容词。“形容词 + 动词-ing 形式”类合成形容词实际上是由系表结构转化而来的；“副词 + 动词-ing” 类合成形容词往往是由“不及物动词 + 副词”转化而来的。
1. Your attitude determines your altitude.
2. It is your efforts, not your intelligence that determine your success. 2008 湖北
3. I determine to make more efforts to improve my English.
4. Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to be just as good. 2013 浙江
5. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. 2019 天津
6. I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed. 2012 天津
本单元金句汇总
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Our social positions determine the way we are dressed. __________
2. It is difficult to determine the exact cause of the illness. __________
3. The date of the court case has not yet been determined. __________
4. How hard the swimmers work now will determine how they perform in the Olympics. __________
决定
决定
确定
确定
determine
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She’s sure to get the job she wants – she’s a very ___________ (determine) person.
2. Jane was determined not ___________ (go) against her father’s wishes and accept his advice.
3. He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain and a ___________ (determine) to achieve.（2009 陕西）
4. Black holes can not be seen directly, so ___________ (determine) the number of them is very difficult.
determined
to go
determination
determining
三、根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
It is not what you are given but how you make use of it that _______________________（决定你是谁）.（2012 湖北）
2. Realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy _________________________________（决心停止玩游戏）.
3. If we ___________________________________（有勇气和决心）, we will finally get the sunshine we want.（2010 北京书面表达）
determines who you are
is determined to stop playing games
have the courage and determination
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. They plan to launch the rocket next year. ___________
2. The organisation has launched a campaign to raise $150,000.
___________
3. The company hopes to launch the new product by next October.
___________
4. When Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called GooseHead.（2010 山东） ___________
5. Double-click on an icon（图标）to launch an application.
___________
发射
发起
推出
创办 / 创建
launch
启动
一、在空白处填入disappoint的正确形式。
1. The next day, we got a _______________ message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.（2015 天津）
2. Our facial expressions convey（表达）our emotions, such as anger, joy, or _______________.（2010 江西）
3. She was very _______________ when she found that all the windows were plain and rather dirty.（2013 辽宁）
二、根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but ____________________（令我失望的是）we were defeated. （2018 天津）
2. The people felt lonely and _________________________（对……失望）their new life in the city.（2013 安徽）
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
disappointed
to my disappointment
(were) disappointed with
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
From the earliest ages, children desire _________ (help) others, to share information and to work together to achieve common goals.（2016 江苏改）
二、翻译句子。
1. 她对权力没有什么欲望。
__________________________________________________________
2. 阅读满足了我想继续学习的强烈渴望。
__________________________________________________________
desire
to help
She had little desire for power.
Reading satisfies my strong desire to keep learning.
signal
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a signal for everyone to stand up.（2009 湖北改） _________________
2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than that on the small ones.（2013 四川） _________________
3. In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs.（2015 湖北改） _________________
4. He has, by quitting the job, signalled his unhappiness with the government’s decision. _________________
信号
示意
信号灯
表明
谢
谢
观
赏