人教版2019必修第一册Unit4Natural disasters Restrictive Clause定语从句课件(33张ppt)

(共33张PPT)
Restrictive Clause
定语从句（一）
定语？
从句？
定语从句？
究竟是个啥子哟？
修饰名词或代词的词，短语或句子叫定语。
定语可前置，也可后置。(短前长后)
定语
a beautiful girl
an apple tree
a reading room
a book on the desk
an interesting book
a boy running in the street
a broken heart
a boy called Tom
the first student to enter the classroom
I know a boy who is cool.
可作定语的有:
形容词， 名词， 动名词， 介词短语，
分词(短语)，动词不定式，定语从句
Luffy is a cool boy.
Luffy is a boy with a hat.
Luffy is a boy who is cool.
一.定语从句的概念：
定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词 ;
修饰限制或补充说明名词或主句全部内容 ；
通常处于被修饰的那个名词（即：先行词）之后，由关系词引导。
关系词的功能： 引导定语从句，把主句和定语从句连接起来。
指代先行词。
在定语从句中充当成分。
( . . . n) + (关系词 + 残缺成分的句子).
1. 连接主从句
2. 关系词指代先行词
3. 关系词在定语从句中充当成分
主句
……引导的从句
关系词（根据其在定语从句中充当的成分）
关系代词：
关系副词:
关系词的分类：
二.考点：关系词的选择
方法：判断定语从句缺啥
定语从句中缺少主，宾，表，定语，
则从关系代词that, which, who, whom , whose中选。
如果定语从句缺少状语，就从关系副词when, where, why中选。
关系词在定语从句中
充当的成分
关系词
指人还是指物
状语
关系代词
关系副词
(of whom)
(of which)
I know the girl ________is reading the book.
我认识那个正在看书的女孩。
who/that
The work ________ is finished is very important.
被完成的工作很重要。
that/which
She is the girl _________ I teach.
她是我教的那个女孩。
(whom/that)
This is the book _________ I want to read.
这是我想读的那本书。
(that/which)
He is not the person ___ he used to be .
他已经不是过去的那个他了。
that
The Chinese nation is not the nation ___ it used to be.
中华民族不再是过去的那个民族了。
that
This is the scientist ________ achievements are well-known.
=This is the scientist, __________the achievements are well-known.
=This is the scientist, the achievements ___________ are well-known.
(这就是那位成就显著的科学家。)
whose
of whom
of whom
This is the house _______ window faces south.
=This is the house, the window _________ faces south.
=This is the house, ________ the window faces south.
（这就是那座窗户朝南的房子。）
whose
of which
of which
I forgot the day ___________ I met you.
我忘记了我和你相遇的那天。
when (=on which)
This is the reason ____________ he left.
这就是他离开的原因。
why (=for which )
This is the hotel _____________ they stayed .
这是他们待过的酒店。
where (=in which)
Where 引导定从补充：
如果先行词为表示抽象地点的名词（stage, state, condition, point, situation, circumstance等）
且在定从中作地点状语，用where引导定语从句。
where(=in which)
We reached a point/situation ____________ we need a change.
我们到了一个需要改变的地步。
I remember the days _______ we spent together on the farm.
(我记得我们在农场一起度过的日子。)
The reason _____ he told me yesterday is a lie.
(他告诉的那个原因是一个谎言。)
His father works in a factory ________ makes cars.
(他爸爸在一家生产汽车的厂里工作。)
(that/which)
(that/which)
(that/which)
三. 定语从句中应注意的事项
1. 关于that/which/who的选择问题
2. 定语从句中的主谓一致
1. 关于that/which/who的选择问题
A.当先行词指事/物时,定语从句用关系代词that，不用which的情况：
1.当先行词为不定代词all, everything, anything, something, nothing等。
She told me everything that she knew.
2. 先行词被the only, the very,(恰恰，正好)，the right,
all, some, any, little, few, every, no, much, 等词修饰时。
This is the very bus (that) that I am waiting for.
3.先行词被形容词最高级，序数词修饰，或本身就是最高级，序数词时。
This is the best film that has been shown in the city.
We will never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us.
5.主句there be 句型中主语是物，且关系词替代there be 句型中的主语
在定语从句中作主语时。
There is a table that is available.
4.先行词既有人又有物时。
I know the persons and things (that) they are talking about.
B.当先行词指事/物时，定从的关系代词用which不用that的情况
1.引导非限制性定从
He made a mistake, which made his teacher angry.
2.定从中，动词短语的介词提前时，用介词+which
This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.
c. 只用who不用that引导定从的情况
1.先行词是指人的不定代词时
Anyone who finishes his or her homework is allowed to have a rest.
2.主句there be 句型中主语是人，且关系词替代there be 句型中的主语
在定语从句中作主语时。
There is a man who is playing basketball.
1.关系代词在从句中作主语，应根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。
He is the only one of the students that ______ (know) English. (the only one 为先行词)
(他是这些学生中了解英语的唯一一个。)
He is one of the students who _______ (know) English.（students为先行词）
(他是这些了解英语的学生中的一个。)
2. 定语从句中的主谓一致
knows
know
Exercises:
1.The building _______ wall is white is my house.
2.I know the boy _______ you are looking for.
3.The student ______ the teacher praised is our monitor(班长).
4.The season ______ comes after spring is summer.
5.This is the hotel _____ we visited last Saturday.
6.The boy with _____ John spoke is my brother.
7. I said all _____ I wanted to say.
8. Is there anything _____ I can do for you
whose
whom
whom
that
that
whom
that
that
THANKS
THE PROFESSIONAL POWERPOINT TEMPLATE
关系代词as引导的定语从句
关系代词as (指物/一整句话)引导定从的位置灵活，可位于句首/中/尾。
Taiwan, as you know, is a part of China.
Taiwan is a part of China, as you know.
As you know, Taiwan is a part of China.
as作替代“Taiwan is a part of China”这一整个句子
作定语从句中动词know的宾语。
As is known to all, China is a great country.
as作替代China is a great country.这一整个句子作定语从句中is的主语。
关系代词as 和which引导非限制性定语从句
同: 先行词为整个主句或主句的一个词，as/which指代先行词在定从
中作主语，宾语，此时，as 或which 均不可省略，有时两者可以互换。
China is a great country, which/as is known to us all.
异：as引导的定从位置灵活，可放句首，句中或句尾，
而which引导的定从只能放句中或句尾。
As is known to us all, China is a great country.
下列情况通常用which而不用as
当非限制性定从为否定句时
He pretended not to know me, which I did not understand.
(2)主句和从句间有逻辑的因果关系时
Tom was late for school again and again,
which made his teacher very angry.
as 引导限定性定语从句，常用于以下句式。
such+名词+as… 像……一样的，像……之类的
the same+名词+as… 和……同样的
We have found such materials as are used in the factory. (as 作主语)
I have the same book as he has. (as 作宾语) (我的书和他的书是两本。)
区别：I have the same book that he has. (that作宾语) （我和他的书是同一本。）
Restrictive Clause（Ⅱ）
“介词+关系代词(whom/which)”引导定从
“介词+关系代词(whom/which)”引导的定语从句中介词的选择
1. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。
I remember the day on which we met for the first time. (on the day)
I remember the days during which we studied. (during the days)
2. 根据定从中谓动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯。
This is the car for which he paid 10,000 dollars. (pay money for sth)
The teacher gave a sentence about which the students were confused. (be confused about)
3. 根据句子意思来确定介词。
He is the worker with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
(他就是那位我哥哥与之工作了10年的工人。)
THANKS
THE PROFESSIONAL POWERPOINT TEMPLATE