知识图谱
人称、物主、反身代词
知识精讲
一、代词的概念
1. 定义：代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
2. 分类：英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词等。
二、人称代词
1. 人称代词定义：表示“我，你，他，她，它，我们，你们，他们”的词叫做人称代词。人称代词分主格和宾格两类，有单、复数之分。 如：
We are the best. 我们是最棒的。
Please give us more time to finish it.请给我们更多的时间来完成它。
2. 人称代词形式：
人称 代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 I we you you he she it they
宾格 me us you you him her it them
3. 人称代词的用法：
1). 主格：做主语。如：
You are good students. 你们是好学生。
2). 宾格：做宾语。
I love you. 我爱你。如：
She is looking at you. 她正在看你。
3). 人称代词的语序：
当几个人称代词并列充当主语时，
单数形式（二、三、一）
You, he and I
复数形式（一、二、三）
We, you and they
第三人称男女两性并用时，男先女后
He and she
4). it 的用法：
(1). 指前文提到过的事物。如：
This isn’t my book. It’s Dufu’s.这不是我的书。它是杜福的。
(2). 指代时间/季节/天气/距离。如：
Which season is it 现在是什么季节？
It’s spring now. 现在是春天。
What’s the weather like today 今天天气怎样？
It’s hot. 今天很热。
How far is it 那里有多远？
It’s 10 kilometers. 10千米。
(3). 特殊句型
It’s time to do sth. 该做......的时间了
如：It’s time to go to bed. 该睡觉了。
It’s good for sb. to do sth.做......对......有好处
如：It’s good for you to read more books. 多读书对你有好处。
It’s necessary to do sth.做......是必要的
如：It’s necessary to learn English well. 学好英语很有必要。
三、物主代词
1. 物主代词的定义：
表示所属关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词用在名词前，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，使用时后面不能再加名词。
例句：This is my schoolbag. 这是我的书包。
That is his bike. = That is his. 这是他的自行车。
2. 物主代词的形式：
物主 代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性 my our your your his her its their
名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
3. 物主代词的用法：
1). 形容词性物主代词置于名词前，起修饰作用，表示“某人的”。如：
My name is Chris. 我的名字是克丽丝。
What’s your name 你的名字是什么？
His shirt is blue. 他的衬衫是蓝色的。
I like her handbag. 我喜欢她的手提包。
This is an elephant. Its nose is very long. 这是一只大象。它的鼻子很长。
Welcome to our school! 欢迎来到我们学校！
Their teacher is Mr. White. 他们的老师是怀特先生。
2). 名词性物主代词起名词的作用，表示“某人的……”，但是后面不能跟名词。
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。如：
This is her book. Where is yours 这是她的书。你的（书）呢？
These are our bags. Those are theirs. 这些是我们的包。那些是他们的（包）。
四、反身代词
1. 反身代词的定义：
表示“我（们）自己”、“你（们）自己”、“他/她/它（们）自己”的代词称为反身代词。在句中作宾语、同位语、表语等。如：
I’m not myself today. 我今天不大舒服。（作表语）
I myself made a mistake. 我犯了一个错误。（作I 同位语）
2.反身代词的形式：
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves
3. 含反身代词的常见搭配
1). by oneself 靠自己，独自
例：I clean the classroom all by myself. 我全靠自己打扫了教室。
2). enjoy oneself 过得愉快
例：The children are enjoying themselves. 孩子们正玩的很愉快。
3). help oneself (to) 请自便
例：Help yourself to some cakes, Jack. 请随便吃些蛋糕，杰克。
4). teach oneself 自学
例：I teach myself English. 我自学英语。
小结
人称 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
人称代词
例题1、 完成表格
例题2、 _________ is friendly.
We all like _________.
A.She,Her B.She,she C.Her，she D.Her,her
例题3、 Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. _________ made me feel happy and warm.
A.It B.Nothing C.They D.He
随练1、 用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. _________ is my aunt. We often visit _________. (she)
2. China is a developing country. _________ is in the east of Asia. (its)
3. ---What day is _________ today --- _________ is Thursday. (its)
4. These new houses are so nice. _________ are very expensive. (them)
5. I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t _________. (I)
6. The teacher wants you to return that book of _________. (he)
7. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _________ are coming to see us. (they)
8. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _________. (we)
随练2、 We bought _________ a present, but _________ didn’t like it.
A. they, them B. them, they
C. themselves, their D. theirs, they
物主代词
例题1、 完成表格
例题2、 _________ schoolbag is heavier than _________.
A. You, I B. Your, my
C. Your, mine D. Yours, mine
随练1、 Jim’s watch is much newer than _________.
A. hers B. she
C. her D. herself
随练2、 _________ piano is too old, but she still liked playing it.
A. She B. She’s C. Hers D. Her
反身代词
例题1、 完成表格
例题2、 The old lady lives alone. She has to look after _________ at home.
A. myself B. her C. herself D. she
随练1、 1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little. But he doesn’t enjoy _________.
A. he B. him
C. his D. himself
随练2、 Lily was 9 years old. _________ was old enough to go to school _________.
A. She, she B. She, herself
C. Her, herself D. Her. she
随练3、 ——Who taught you English last year
——Nobody taught me . I taught _________.
A. me B. myself C. mine D. I
随练4、 That bike is _________
A. he B. him C. his D. it
随练5、 I can’t mend my shoe _________. Can you mend it for _________
A. myself, me B. myself, I
C. me, I D. I, me
不定代词
知识精讲
一、不定代词的定义：
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。
二、一般不定代词及用法
1. some/ any
含义：“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
区别：
1). some用于陈肯句；any用于疑问句或否定句。例：
I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples.
我能看见一些花，但看不到任何苹果。
2). some用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能；any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能，意为“任何”。
Would you like some coffee
你要些咖啡吗？
You may come at any time.
你可以在任何时候来。
2. many/ much
“许多” 区别 例句
many +可数名词 How many people are there at the meeting
much +不可数名词 How much time do we have
注意：“many”和“much”前可用so, too等词进行修饰。如：
There are too many mistakes in your diary.
你的日志里有太多错误。
So many people are waiting for the bus.
有太多人在等公交车。
Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do.
对不起，我恐怕不能跟你走。我有太多作业要做了。
3. few/ a few/ little/ a little
修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 含义
few little 否定含义，几乎没有
a few a little 肯定含义，还有一点
例：
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
4. both, either, neither, all, every, none
使用范围 单词 中文释义 例句
两个人或物 both 两者都 Both of the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
either 两者中任何一个 Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
neither 两者都不 Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。
三者及以上 all 所有的，全部 All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
any 任何一个 Any of you can go with me. 你们任何一个人都可以跟我走。
none 都不 I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
5. other, the other, another, others, the others
易混淆词 范围 含义
other 泛指 其他的
the other (one…,the other…) = 2 另一个
another ≥ 3 另一个
others = other+名词复数 剩余非全部 其他的
the others 剩余全部 其他的
例：
I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red.
我有两支铅笔。一支是黄的，另一支是红的。
I don’t like this green pencil. Please give me another one.
我不喜欢这支绿铅笔。请给我再来一支。
In our class, some students like playing football, others (=other students) like playing basketball.
在我们班，一些同学喜欢踢足球，另一些喜欢打篮球。
There are seven people in Running Man. One of them is a woman, and the others are men.
跑男团有7个人。其中一个是女士，其他都是男士。
三、复合不定代词及用法
1. 复合不定代词的构成：复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。
构成部分 body （人） one （人） thing （事或物）
some somebody 某人 someone 某人 something 某事（物）
any anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人 anything 任何事（物）
no nobody 没有人 no one 没有人 nothing 没有事（物）
every everybody 每个人 everyone 每个人 everything 每个事（物）
注意：形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else要置于复合不定代词之后。如：
something important一些重要的事
There’s nothing else in the fridge. 冰箱里没有其他的东西了。
2. some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中；any-类的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。
Can I have something to drink, please 请问我可以喝点东西吗？
He doesn’t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。
3. any-类的复合不定代词与not连用，相当于no-类的复合不定代词。
There is not anything(= nothing) in that box. 那个盒子里没有什么东西。
4. no one可以用于回答who引导的疑问句。回答how many引导的疑问句，用none。
---Who knows the answer to the question 谁知道这个问题的答案？
---No one. 没有人知道。
5. every-类的复合不定代词与not连用，表示部分否定。
Not everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜欢看电视。
Not everything is like what you said. 不是一切都像你说的那样。
6. -one类和-body类的复合不定代词之后可以加上’s构成所有格。
He just found someone’s wallet. 他刚刚发现别人的钱包。
三点剖析
一、重难点：
1. 在否定句中not...any的意义相当于no。如：
There isn’t any (= is no) water in the bottle.
这个瓶子里一点水都没有。
2. some用于可数名词单数前，表示“某个”。
Some careless man has taken my umbrella.
某个粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨伞。
二、易错点：
1. 在征求意见的疑问句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some。
Would you like some dessert 你要吃些甜点吗？
2. both和all与not连用时表示部分否定，意为“并非……都……”。如：
Both my parents are not doctors. 并非我的父母都是医生。
3. every 和each
1). every指三个以上的人或物（含三个），each指两个以上的人或物（含两个）。
2). every只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词，可以和of连用。every或each作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Every student has to take one. 大家都能拿一个。
Each student can spend 10 yuan. 每个学生能花10元钱。
Each of his children goes to a different school.
他的每个孩子都在不同的学校读书。
一般不定代词
例题1、 选择括号内所给不定代词填空。
I have many apples. I can give you _________. ( any, some )
例题2、 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. ---Can you speak Japanese or English ---_________, I can only speak Chinese.
2. There are forty pupils in Class Two. _________ of them are Young Pioneers.
随练1、 选用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The game is so boring. _________ people want to play it.
2. You can borrow my new iPad, but you mustn’t lend it to _________.
3. Since _________ is here, let’s start the interview.
4. My uncle and aunt are _________ good at boating.
5. The teacher gave the students three apples _________.
随练2、 Mr. Brown has two sons, and _________of them are doctors.
A. all B. both C. every D. each
随练3、 There is _________ rice here. We should go shopping now.
A. few B. a few
C. little D. a little
随练4、 ---I invited four headmasters and _________ can come.
---That’s great.
A. all B. both C. any D. none
随练5、 There are two foreign teachers in our school. One is from England, _________is from Australia.
A. another B. other
C. the other D. others
随练6、 _________ is looking for you. I have asked him to wait outside.
A. Somebody B. Nobody
C. Anybody D. Everybody
复合不定代词
例题1、 ________is in the classroom. They are all on the playground.
A.Everybody B.Somebody
C.Anybody D.Nobody
例题2、 Please be quiet. I have _________ important to tell you.
A.something B.anything
C.nothing D.everything
指示、疑问代词
知识精讲
一、指示代词
1. 指示代词的定义：
表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语等。例句:
This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。（作主语）
My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。（作表语）
I like this better than that. 比起那个我更喜欢这个。（作宾语）
There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。（作介词宾语）
2. 指示代词的形式：
单数 复数
近指 this these
远指 that those
3. 指示代词的用法：
1). this意为“这个”，these意为“这些”。它们都用来指代在时间或空间上较近的人或事物。如：Is this your iPad 这是你的iPad吗？
These are my sisters. 这些是我的姐妹们。
2). that意为“那个”，those意为“那些”。它们都用来指代在时间或空间上较远的人或事物。如：Is that your schoolbag 那是你的书包吗？
Those are my friends. 那些是我的朋友们。
二、疑问代词
1. 基本用法
英语中的疑问代词主要有what（什么），which（哪一个），who/ whom（谁），whose（谁的），其中，what一般指物，有时也可用来问人的职业；who, whom, whose一般指人；which既可用来问人又可用来问物。如：
What did you do last night 昨晚你做了什么
Who/ Whom are you waiting for 你在等谁呢？
Which subject do you like best 你最喜欢哪一科
Whose dictionary is this 这是谁的词典？
注：who和whom都指人，做主语只能用who，作宾语who和whom均可。
2. which 与 what
which通常指在一个比较小或比较明确的范围内选择，其后可接表示特定范围的of短语；what通常指在一个比较宽泛或不明确的范围内选择，可接else表示“其他的”。如：
What dresses do you prefer 你喜欢什么样的衣服？
What else do you want 你还要别的什么？
Which of these two dresses do you prefer 这两套衣服你喜欢哪一套
三点剖析
重难点：
1. 在疑问句的回答中，用it代替this或that；用they代替these或those。如：
---What’s this 这是什么？
---It’s a whistle. 它是一只口哨。
---Are these your books 这些是你的书吗？
---No, they aren’t. 不，它们不是。
2. this可以用来介绍某人。
Hello, Tom. This is Mike. 你好，汤姆。这是麦克。
3. 用于电话用语中，this指自己，that指对方。
This is Lily speaking. Who’s that 我是莉莉。你是哪位？
指示代词
例题1、
—Mike,_______are my parents and this is my sister. Glad to meet you.
—Glad to meet you, Mike.
A.this B.that C.these D.those
例题2、
—Look! Do you know ______ man under the tree
—Sorry. It’s too far to see ______ clearly.
A. this; him
B. that; his
C. this; her
D. that; him
疑问代词
例题1、 根据对话内容，用适当的疑问代词填空。
---_________ do you prefer, tea or milk
--- I prefer tea.
例题2、
—______ won the 100th gold at the Olympics for China
— Zhang Yining, she’s from Beijing.
A. Who B. What C. When D. Where
随练1、 There is a BMW parking in our neighborhood. Do you know ______ it is
A.what B.who C.whom D.whose
随练2、
—_______ is your favorite movie
—X-Man, of course.
A.How B.Who C.Whose D.What
随练3、
—______ schoolbag is this
—I guess it’s Lily’s.
A.Which B.Whose C.What D.Who
随练4、
—_______this in the picture
—It’s a quilt.
A.What B.What’s C.Where’s D.How’s
随练5、 ---_________ is her aunt
--- She is a nurse.
随练6、 ---Could you tell me_________ train is leaving for Xi’an
---No.41.
随练7、 ---_________ are you going to be when you grow up
---I want to be a dentist.
拓展
1、 用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. I ate all _________ sandwiches yesterday. (I) Can I have one of _________ (you)
2. George has lost _________ (his) pen. Ask Mary if she will lend him _________. (she)
3. Jack has a dog and so have I. _________ (he) dog and _________ (I) had a fight.
4. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t _________ (them)
5. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. _________ brother lives with _________ and helps _________ with _________ lessons. (she)
6. Mike is my classmate. _________ is good at English. (his)
7. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _________ (she)
8. What’s the weather like today _________ is cloudy. (its)
2、 ---Who’s singing over there
---_________ is Sandy’s sister.
A. That B. It C. She D. This
3、 My uncle bought a new bike for _________.
A. theirs B. they C. me D. I
4、 ---Here’s a postcard for you, Jim!
---Oh, _________ is from my friend, Mary.
A. he B. it C. she D. it’s
5、 Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to _________.
A. he B. his C. her D. him
6、 ---Will anyone go on a trip with him
---Not _________.
A. I B. me C. mine D. he
7、 The scarf is _________, she made it _________.
A. herself, her B. herself, hers
C. hers, herself D. her, herself
8、 I like watching _________ in the mirror.
A. me B. I C. my D. myself
9、 Luckily, he didn’t hurt _________ terribly yesterday.
A. him B. themselves
C. himself D. they
10、 Help _________ to some fish, children.
A. yourself B. your
C. yours D. yourselves
11、 _________of my parents prefer to playing golf on Saturdays.
A. Both B. All C. Either D. Each
12、 I’ve got two cousins. One is a lawyer, _________ is an engineer.
A. other B. the other
C. others D. another
13、 ---Can you speak Spanish, Jackson
---Yes, but only_________.
A. few B. little
C. a few D. a little
14、 I don’t like the color of this skirt. Could you please show me _________ one
A. other B. others
C. the other D. another
15、 --- I’d like _________of these two T-shirts.
---Sorry. You can only buy one of them.
A. all B. none C. some D. both
16、 There is _________ coffee in the cup. Let’s go and get some.
A. few B. much C. many D. little
17、 选择括号内所给不定代词填空。
1. _________ of you can have one orange, children. ( every, each )
2. The clock has three hands. One is short, _________ two are long. ( the other, another )
3. She is off work today. She has _________ to do. ( something, nothing )
4. Is there _________ salad in the fridge ( any, some )
5. If you have _________ questions, you can ask me at any time. ( any, some )
6. Listen carefully. I have _________ important to inform you. ( something, anything )
7. If you need a dictionary, I can lend you _________. ( some, one )
8. Look! _________ is dancing in the hall. ( Someone, Anyone )
9. Would you like _________ more soup ( some, any )
10. Could you lend me _________ money ( some, any )
11. _________ of them is going abroad. ( Both, Neither )
12. _________ of us is afraid of difficulties. ( None, No one )
13. There is _________ juice in the bottle. I can drink it. ( little, a little )
14. He has _________ friends. He always stays at home. ( few, a few )
15. Lily’s parents are _________ teachers. ( all, both )
16. The cup is broken. Give me _________ one. ( the other, another )
18、 We couldn’t buy that beautiful glass because_________ of us had money with us.
A. none B. no one C. nothing D. all
19、 Pay attention, children. I’m going to show you_________ interesting.
A. something B. nothing
C. anything D. everything
20、 I’m the only child in my family. I don’t have _________ brothers or sisters.
A. some B. someone C. any D. anyone
21、 ---There’s _________ wrong with your laptop. You can still use it.
---But it is too old.
A. something B. nothing
C. everything D. anything
22、 ---_________is over there
---That’s Betty.
A.When B.Where C.Who D.What
23、 —Whose books are______
—They are Steven’s
A. this B. these C. that D. is解析版
人称代词
例题1、 完成表格
【答案】 I you he it us you her them
【解析】 考查学生对人称代词的掌握。
例题2、 _________ is friendly.
We all like _________.
A.She,Her B.She,she C.Her，she D.Her,her
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查人称代词。第一句是作主语，用主格She；第二句中作宾语，用宾格her。
例题3、 Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. _________ made me feel happy and warm.
A.It B.Nothing C.They D.He
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查代词。指代前文中提到的事情，用it。故选A。
随练1、 用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. _________ is my aunt. We often visit _________. (she)
2. China is a developing country. _________ is in the east of Asia. (its)
3. ---What day is _________ today --- _________ is Thursday. (its)
4. These new houses are so nice. _________ are very expensive. (them)
5. I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t _________. (I)
6. The teacher wants you to return that book of _________. (he)
7. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _________ are coming to see us. (they)
8. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _________. (we)
【答案】 1. She; her 2. It 3. it; It 4. They 5. mine 6. his 7. theirs 8. ours
【解析】 考查学生对人称代词、物主代词的掌握。
随练2、 We bought _________ a present, but _________ didn’t like it.
A. they, them B. them, they
C. themselves, their D. theirs, they
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查人称代词。第一个空作宾语用宾格，第二个空做主语用主格。故选B。
物主代词
例题1、 完成表格
【答案】 our your his its mine ours yours his hers theirs
【解析】 考查学生对物主代词的掌握。
例题2、 _________ schoolbag is heavier than _________.
A. You, I B. Your, my
C. Your, mine D. Yours, mine
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查物主代词。第一个空后有名词，名词前用形容词性物主代词；第二个空后没有名词，用名词性物主代词。故选C。
随练1、 Jim’s watch is much newer than _________.
A. hers B. she
C. her D. herself
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查物主代词。表示“她的手表”用名词性物主代词。故选A。
随练2、 _________ piano is too old, but she still liked playing it.
A. She B. She’s C. Hers D. Her
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查物主代词。“她的”钢琴用形容词性物主代词。故选D。
反身代词
例题1、 完成表格
【答案】 略
【解析】 考查学生对反身代词的掌握。
例题2、 The old lady lives alone. She has to look after _________ at home.
A. myself B. her C. herself D. she
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查反身代词。根据句意，照顾自己，用herself，故选C。
随练1、 1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little. But he doesn’t enjoy _________.
A. he B. him
C. his D. himself
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查反身代词及惯用法。enjoy oneself过得愉快。故选D。
随练2、 Lily was 9 years old. _________ was old enough to go to school _________.
A. She, she B. She, herself
C. Her, herself D. Her. she
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查人称代词和反身代词。第一个空做主语用主格，第二个空强调可以自己去上学用反身代词。故选B。
随练3、 ——Who taught you English last year
——Nobody taught me . I taught _________.
A. me B. myself C. mine D. I
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查反身代词及惯用法。teach oneself自学。故选A。
随练4、 That bike is _________
A. he B. him C. his D. it
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查物主代词。表示“他的自行车”用名词性物主代词。故选C。
随练5、 I can’t mend my shoe _________. Can you mend it for _________
A. myself, me B. myself, I
C. me, I D. I, me
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查人称代词和反身代词。第一个空意为“自己”修鞋用反身代词，第二个空作宾语用宾格。故选A。
不定代词
知识精讲
一、不定代词的定义：
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。
二、一般不定代词及用法
1. some/ any
含义：“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
区别：
1). some用于陈肯句；any用于疑问句或否定句。例：
I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples.
我能看见一些花，但看不到任何苹果。
2). some用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能；any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能，意为“任何”。
Would you like some coffee
你要些咖啡吗？
You may come at any time.
你可以在任何时候来。
2. many/ much
“许多” 区别 例句
many +可数名词 How many people are there at the meeting
much +不可数名词 How much time do we have
注意：“many”和“much”前可用so, too等词进行修饰。如：
There are too many mistakes in your diary.
你的日志里有太多错误。
So many people are waiting for the bus.
有太多人在等公交车。
Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do.
对不起，我恐怕不能跟你走。我有太多作业要做了。
3. few/ a few/ little/ a little
修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 含义
few little 否定含义，几乎没有
a few a little 肯定含义，还有一点
例：
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
4. both, either, neither, all, every, none
使用范围 单词 中文释义 例句
两个人或物 both 两者都 Both of the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
either 两者中任何一个 Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
neither 两者都不 Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。
三者及以上 all 所有的，全部 All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
any 任何一个 Any of you can go with me. 你们任何一个人都可以跟我走。
none 都不 I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
5. other, the other, another, others, the others
易混淆词 范围 含义
other 泛指 其他的
the other (one…,the other…) = 2 另一个
another ≥ 3 另一个
others = other+名词复数 剩余非全部 其他的
the others 剩余全部 其他的
例：
I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red.
我有两支铅笔。一支是黄的，另一支是红的。
I don’t like this green pencil. Please give me another one.
我不喜欢这支绿铅笔。请给我再来一支。
In our class, some students like playing football, others (=other students) like playing basketball.
在我们班，一些同学喜欢踢足球，另一些喜欢打篮球。
There are seven people in Running Man. One of them is a woman, and the others are men.
跑男团有7个人。其中一个是女士，其他都是男士。
三、复合不定代词及用法
1. 复合不定代词的构成：复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。
构成部分 body （人） one （人） thing （事或物）
some somebody 某人 someone 某人 something 某事（物）
any anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人 anything 任何事（物）
no nobody 没有人 no one 没有人 nothing 没有事（物）
every everybody 每个人 everyone 每个人 everything 每个事（物）
注意：形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else要置于复合不定代词之后。如：
something important一些重要的事
There’s nothing else in the fridge. 冰箱里没有其他的东西了。
2. some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中；any-类的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。
Can I have something to drink, please 请问我可以喝点东西吗？
He doesn’t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。
3. any-类的复合不定代词与not连用，相当于no-类的复合不定代词。
There is not anything(= nothing) in that box. 那个盒子里没有什么东西。
4. no one可以用于回答who引导的疑问句。回答how many引导的疑问句，用none。
---Who knows the answer to the question 谁知道这个问题的答案？
---No one. 没有人知道。
5. every-类的复合不定代词与not连用，表示部分否定。
Not everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜欢看电视。
Not everything is like what you said. 不是一切都像你说的那样。
6. -one类和-body类的复合不定代词之后可以加上’s构成所有格。
He just found someone’s wallet. 他刚刚发现别人的钱包。
三点剖析
一、重难点：
1. 在否定句中not...any的意义相当于no。如：
There isn’t any (= is no) water in the bottle.
这个瓶子里一点水都没有。
2. some用于可数名词单数前，表示“某个”。
Some careless man has taken my umbrella.
某个粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨伞。
二、易错点：
1. 在征求意见的疑问句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some。
Would you like some dessert 你要吃些甜点吗？
2. both和all与not连用时表示部分否定，意为“并非……都……”。如：
Both my parents are not doctors. 并非我的父母都是医生。
3. every 和each
1). every指三个以上的人或物（含三个），each指两个以上的人或物（含两个）。
2). every只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词，可以和of连用。every或each作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Every student has to take one. 大家都能拿一个。
Each student can spend 10 yuan. 每个学生能花10元钱。
Each of his children goes to a different school.
他的每个孩子都在不同的学校读书。
一般不定代词
例题1、 选择括号内所给不定代词填空。
I have many apples. I can give you _________. ( any, some )
【答案】 some
【解析】 考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。句意：我有很多苹果。我可以给你一些。陈述句，表示“一些”，故选some。
例题2、 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. ---Can you speak Japanese or English ---_________, I can only speak Chinese.
2. There are forty pupils in Class Two. _________ of them are Young Pioneers.
【答案】 1. Neither 2. All
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握。
随练1、 选用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The game is so boring. _________ people want to play it.
2. You can borrow my new iPad, but you mustn’t lend it to _________.
3. Since _________ is here, let’s start the interview.
4. My uncle and aunt are _________ good at boating.
5. The teacher gave the students three apples _________.
【答案】 1. Few 2. others 3. everybody 4. both 5. each
【解析】 本题考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。
随练2、 Mr. Brown has two sons, and _________of them are doctors.
A. all B. both C. every D. each
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。无every of用法，先排除 C，each of 强调个体，谓语动词常为单数；all通常指代三者以上；根据题意只有both符合要求，指代的是“两者都”，故选B。
随练3、 There is _________ rice here. We should go shopping now.
A. few B. a few
C. little D. a little
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。根据rice及句意属于否定可知，故选C。
随练4、 ---I invited four headmasters and _________ can come.
---That’s great.
A. all B. both C. any D. none
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。句中four teachers可知用all，故选A。
随练5、 There are two foreign teachers in our school. One is from England, _________is from Australia.
A. another B. other
C. the other D. others
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词中的固定搭配。one…the other…“一个……另一个……”。故选C。
随练6、 _________ is looking for you. I have asked him to wait outside.
A. Somebody B. Nobody
C. Anybody D. Everybody
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查不定代词。由句意可知应选somebody表“某人”含义，nobody（没有人），anybody（任何人，everybody（每人）均不符。故选A。
复合不定代词
例题1、 ________is in the classroom. They are all on the playground.
A.Everybody B.Somebody
C.Anybody D.Nobody
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。由后句“他们都在操场上”可知，前句为“没有人在教室”，故选D。
例题2、 Please be quiet. I have _________ important to tell you.
A.something B.anything
C.nothing D.everything
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。根据句意，“请安静”可知是有一些重要的事要说。something“一些”，故选A。
指示、疑问代词
知识精讲
一、指示代词
1. 指示代词的定义：
表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语等。例句:
This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。（作主语）
My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。（作表语）
I like this better than that. 比起那个我更喜欢这个。（作宾语）
There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。（作介词宾语）
2. 指示代词的形式：
单数 复数
近指 this these
远指 that those
3. 指示代词的用法：
1). this意为“这个”，these意为“这些”。它们都用来指代在时间或空间上较近的人或事物。如：Is this your iPad 这是你的iPad吗？
These are my sisters. 这些是我的姐妹们。
2). that意为“那个”，those意为“那些”。它们都用来指代在时间或空间上较远的人或事物。如：Is that your schoolbag 那是你的书包吗？
Those are my friends. 那些是我的朋友们。
二、疑问代词
1. 基本用法
英语中的疑问代词主要有what（什么），which（哪一个），who/ whom（谁），whose（谁的），其中，what一般指物，有时也可用来问人的职业；who, whom, whose一般指人；which既可用来问人又可用来问物。如：
What did you do last night 昨晚你做了什么
Who/ Whom are you waiting for 你在等谁呢？
Which subject do you like best 你最喜欢哪一科
Whose dictionary is this 这是谁的词典？
注：who和whom都指人，做主语只能用who，作宾语who和whom均可。
2. which 与 what
which通常指在一个比较小或比较明确的范围内选择，其后可接表示特定范围的of短语；what通常指在一个比较宽泛或不明确的范围内选择，可接else表示“其他的”。如：
What dresses do you prefer 你喜欢什么样的衣服？
What else do you want 你还要别的什么？
Which of these two dresses do you prefer 这两套衣服你喜欢哪一套
三点剖析
重难点：
1. 在疑问句的回答中，用it代替this或that；用they代替these或those。如：
---What’s this 这是什么？
---It’s a whistle. 它是一只口哨。
---Are these your books 这些是你的书吗？
---No, they aren’t. 不，它们不是。
2. this可以用来介绍某人。
Hello, Tom. This is Mike. 你好，汤姆。这是麦克。
3. 用于电话用语中，this指自己，that指对方。
This is Lily speaking. Who’s that 我是莉莉。你是哪位？
指示代词
例题1、
—Mike,_______are my parents and this is my sister. Glad to meet you.
—Glad to meet you, Mike.
A.this B.that C.these D.those
【答案】 C
【解析】 代词，根据系动词are及当面介绍某人可知选项C正确。
例题2、
—Look! Do you know ______ man under the tree
—Sorry. It’s too far to see ______ clearly.
A. this; him
B. that; his
C. this; her
D. that; him
【答案】
【解析】 考查代词。距离说话人较远的使用that，动词后跟宾格him。
疑问代词
例题1、 根据对话内容，用适当的疑问代词填空。
---_________ do you prefer, tea or milk
--- I prefer tea.
【答案】 Which
【解析】 考查学生对疑问代词掌握。根据后文句意“茶或牛奶”，可知前句说的是你更喜欢“哪一个”，故填which。
例题2、
—______ won the 100th gold at the Olympics for China
— Zhang Yining, she’s from Beijing.
A. Who B. What C. When D. Where
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文语境可以得出用疑问代词who
随练1、 There is a BMW parking in our neighborhood. Do you know ______ it is
A.what B.who C.whom D.whose
【答案】 D
【解析】 代词，根据句意可知。
随练2、
—_______ is your favorite movie
—X-Man, of course.
A.How B.Who C.Whose D.What
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查特殊疑问词。根据答语：当然是X-Men。我们可以推断出问句应该是在问，你最喜欢的电影是什么？What做主语。
随练3、
—______ schoolbag is this
—I guess it’s Lily’s.
A.Which B.Whose C.What D.Who
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查连接词。根据答语知道是it’s Lily’s，whose表“谁的”。
随练4、
—_______this in the picture
—It’s a quilt.
A.What B.What’s C.Where’s D.How’s
【答案】 B
【解析】 疑问句，根据回答方式可知属于询问“什么”的疑问句，故选项B正确。
随练5、 ---_________ is her aunt
--- She is a nurse.
【答案】 What
【解析】 考查学生对疑问代词掌握。根据后文句意“她是一名护士”，可知前句说的是你姑姑是做“什么”的，故填What。
随练6、 ---Could you tell me_________ train is leaving for Xi’an
---No.41.
【答案】 which
【解析】 考查学生对疑问代词掌握。根据后文句意“41路”，可知前句说的是你能告诉我 “哪一”班车去西安，故填which。
随练7、 ---_________ are you going to be when you grow up
---I want to be a dentist.
【答案】 What
【解析】 考查学生对疑问代词掌握。根据后文句意“我想成为一名牙医”，可知前句说的是你你长大后想做“什么”，故填what。
拓展
1、 用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. I ate all _________ sandwiches yesterday. (I) Can I have one of _________ (you)
2. George has lost _________ (his) pen. Ask Mary if she will lend him _________. (she)
3. Jack has a dog and so have I. _________ (he) dog and _________ (I) had a fight.
4. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t _________ (them)
5. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. _________ brother lives with _________ and helps _________ with _________ lessons. (she)
6. Mike is my classmate. _________ is good at English. (his)
7. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _________ (she)
8. What’s the weather like today _________ is cloudy. (its)
【答案】 1. my; yours 2. his; hers 3. his; mine 4. they
5. She; Her; her; her; her 6. He 7. her 8. It
【解析】 考查学生对人称代词、物主代词的掌握。
2、 ---Who’s singing over there
---_________ is Sandy’s sister.
A. That B. It C. She D. This
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查人称代词。指代女生，做主语用主格人称代词。故选C。
3、 My uncle bought a new bike for _________.
A. theirs B. they C. me D. I
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查人称代词。做介词的宾语用宾格。故选C。
4、 ---Here’s a postcard for you, Jim!
---Oh, _________ is from my friend, Mary.
A. he B. it C. she D. it’s
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查人称代词。指代明信片用it。故选B。
5、 Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to _________.
A. he B. his C. her D. him
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查人称代词。指男生且作宾语，用宾格。故选D。
6、 ---Will anyone go on a trip with him
---Not _________.
A. I B. me C. mine D. he
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查人称代词。此处为省略句，“不会是我”，作宾语用宾格。故选B。
7、 The scarf is _________, she made it _________.
A. herself, her B. herself, hers
C. hers, herself D. her, herself
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查物主代词和反身代词。指代“她的围巾”用名词性物主代词，“自己”做的用反身代词。故选C。
8、 I like watching _________ in the mirror.
A. me B. I C. my D. myself
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查反身代词。表示看“我自己”。故选D。
9、 Luckily, he didn’t hurt _________ terribly yesterday.
A. him B. themselves
C. himself D. they
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查反身代词。伤到“他自己”用himself。故选C。
10、 Help _________ to some fish, children.
A. yourself B. your
C. yours D. yourselves
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查反身代词及惯用法。“随便吃……”help oneself，再根据“孩子们”可知为yourselves。故选D。
11、 _________of my parents prefer to playing golf on Saturdays.
A. Both B. All C. Either D. Each
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。both of…“两者都……”。故选A。
12、 I’ve got two cousins. One is a lawyer, _________ is an engineer.
A. other B. the other
C. others D. another
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词中的固定搭配。one…the other，一个……另外一个。故选B。
13、 ---Can you speak Spanish, Jackson
---Yes, but only_________.
A. few B. little
C. a few D. a little
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。根据Spanish属于不可数名词及句意肯定，可知用a little，故选D。
14、 I don’t like the color of this skirt. Could you please show me _________ one
A. other B. others
C. the other D. another
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。another“另一个”。故选D。
15、 --- I’d like _________of these two T-shirts.
---Sorry. You can only buy one of them.
A. all B. none C. some D. both
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。both用于肯定两者。故选D。
16、 There is _________ coffee in the cup. Let’s go and get some.
A. few B. much C. many D. little
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。根据题意可知表示没有咖啡了，用little。故选D。
17、 选择括号内所给不定代词填空。
1. _________ of you can have one orange, children. ( every, each )
2. The clock has three hands. One is short, _________ two are long. ( the other, another )
3. She is off work today. She has _________ to do. ( something, nothing )
4. Is there _________ salad in the fridge ( any, some )
5. If you have _________ questions, you can ask me at any time. ( any, some )
6. Listen carefully. I have _________ important to inform you. ( something, anything )
7. If you need a dictionary, I can lend you _________. ( some, one )
8. Look! _________ is dancing in the hall. ( Someone, Anyone )
9. Would you like _________ more soup ( some, any )
10. Could you lend me _________ money ( some, any )
11. _________ of them is going abroad. ( Both, Neither )
12. _________ of us is afraid of difficulties. ( None, No one )
13. There is _________ juice in the bottle. I can drink it. ( little, a little )
14. He has _________ friends. He always stays at home. ( few, a few )
15. Lily’s parents are _________ teachers. ( all, both )
16. The cup is broken. Give me _________ one. ( the other, another )
【答案】 1. Each 2. the other 3. nothing 4. any
5. any 6. something 7. one 8. Someone
9. some 10. some 11. Neither 12. None
13. a little 14. few 15. both 16. another
【解析】 本题考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。
18、 We couldn’t buy that beautiful glass because_________ of us had money with us.
A. none B. no one C. nothing D. all
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。根据前句couldn’t buy that beautiful glass可知后句表示“没有人有钱”，none of…做主语，no one不加of。故选A。
19、 Pay attention, children. I’m going to show you_________ interesting.
A. something B. nothing
C. anything D. everything
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。句意：我将展示给你们一些有趣的东西。肯定句，表示一些东西，故选A。
20、 I’m the only child in my family. I don’t have _________ brothers or sisters.
A. some B. someone C. any D. anyone
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。根据句意可知，我没有任何兄弟姐妹。否定句中用any。故选C。
21、 ---There’s _________ wrong with your laptop. You can still use it.
---But it is too old.
A. something B. nothing
C. everything D. anything
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。根据后文：“你能继续使用”可知，手提电脑没有问题。故选B。
22、 ---_________is over there
---That’s Betty.
A.When B.Where C.Who D.What
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查疑问代词。who在句子中做主语，故选C。
23、
—Whose books are______
—They are Steven’s
A. this
B. these
C. that
D. is
【答案】
【解析】 代词，表示“这些”用these。
