(共54张PPT)
小升初语法
Lesson 1
名词
小试身手
1. How much ______ is there on the table
A. bread B. sheep C. apple
2. His ______ are very white and beautiful.
A. tooth B. teeth C. mouth
名词的分类
名词的数
名词的所有格
名词
普通名词和专有名词
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词单复数
不可数名词的数
’s 所有格
of 所有格
普通名词和专有名词
专有名词表示人、事物、地点或机构等专有的名称。
普通名词表示某一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。
the Great Wall
the US
Mike
个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：
集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：
banana
bike
class
police
物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：
抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、情感等，抽象概念，如：
ink
milk
time
love
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词是可以用数字进行计算的名词，如个体名词和集体名词。
不可数名词是不可以用数字进行计算的名词，如物质名词和抽象名词。
wood
bread
fruit
小试身手
1. 1.Can you give me ______
A. paper B. some pieces of papers
C. some pieces of paper D. papers
2. Tom and Jimmy are washing their _______.
A. faces B. face C. hand
名词的数
可以用数目来计算的词叫可数名词，可数名词分为单数名词和复数名词。
不可数名词主要是以物质名词与抽象名词为主。它们通常没有复数形式，也不能与a, an 连用。
单数名词
单数名词一般要和不定冠词a,an连用。当单词的音标以元音音素开头用an，辅音音素开头用a
an apple
Englishman
an eight-year-old girl
可数名词复数
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 加-s 清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音后读/z/ book → books
room → rooms
以s, x, sh,ch结尾的词 加-es 读/ z/ watch → watches
bus → buses
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es 读/ z/ family → families
以f或fe结尾的词 把f或fe变为v再加-es 读/vz/ thief → thieves
radio
county
leaf
butterfly
photo
watch
child
book
toy
country
5. There are some ______ (toy) in my room.
(11外国语)
4. They are also trying to send people’s emails, ____ (photo) and ____ (video) into space.
(09枫杨)
1. Tom and Jim are their babies. (根据上句填空)
→Tom is their _____.
(08一八)
2. They are in the same classes. (改错)→______
(08北京)
3. How many _____ (knife) are there in the room
(09外国语)
baby
class
knives
photos
videos
toys
真题再现
可数名词不规则
sheep
sheep
mouse
mice
w
M
M
t
d
c
g
f
f
s-- sheep (sheep)
woman---(women)
mouse---(mice)
tooth ---(teeth)
deer---(deer)
child---(children)
goose---(geese)
foot---(feet)
fish---(fish)
man ---(men)
ox---(oxen)
1. oo变ee
鹅牙脚
如：goose--_____; tooth--_____; foot--______;
但 roof--—______.
2. woman和man
男和女，a变e
如： woman--______; man--______;
policeman--________; policewoman--_________.
3. 单复数同形
鱼鹿羊
如： fish--______; deer--______; sheep--_______.
4. 常考不规则变化
孩子们，人鼠牛，
特殊记忆不用愁。
如： child--______; person--_______;
mouse--______; ox--_______.
可数名词不规则
还有哪些不规则人员呢？
5. 名词中的twins：
某些必须由两部分组成才完整的事物，自带复数。
口诀：父母带着眼镜，
拿着剪刀剪裁裤子。
即：________ （父母）； ________ （眼镜）
________ （剪刀）； ________ （裤子）
6. 国家人单复数变化：
中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。
如：Chinese______; Japanese________;
Englishman______; Frenchman________;
German______; American_______.
何为合成多字名词？
合成多字名词的复数变化：
an
apple
tree
two
apple
tree
s
合成多字名词的复数变化：
口诀：
多字名词主变复，
如：ice cream ______
story book ______
girl student ______
woman teacher _________
男女职业很特殊，
前后都要变复数。
两个男工人
六个女医生
七只脚
六颗牙齿
四只鹿
三棵苹果树
五只绵羊
两条鱼
四个中国人
三个小孩子
五 英尺
1. ——How many ______ are there on the farm
——There are ______.
A. goose; seven B. gooses; seventh
C. geese; five
小试身手
2. Look at these ______. They are singing.
A. children B. child C. woman
3. We have some ______, but we need some ______.
A. tomatoes; potato B. tomato: potatoes
C. tomato; potatoes D. tomatoes; potatoes
小试身手
(09枫杨)
(10北京)
17. Some ___ came to our school yesterday.
A. Germans B. Germen
C. Germany D. Germanies
(07一中)
19. ____ are so interested in action (武打片) films.
A. People B. Peoples
C. The people D. The peoples
(08郑中)
A
A
A
16.The teachers have two to live in.
A.woman; room B. women; rooms
C.woman; rooms D. women; room
B
18. There are five under the tree.
A.sheep B. sheepes C. ships D. sheeps
真题再现
21. Mr. Smith has two ______.
A. child B. childs
C. children D. childrens
22. There are sixty-seven ___ in our school.
A. women's teacher B. women teachers
C. woman teachers D. women teacher
(09一中)
(10外国语)
(11实验)
C
C
B
20.The little baby has two already.
A.tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
真题再现
2. Jane eats a _________.
A. bread B. milk C. burger D. meat
(10一八)
(11郑中)
(09一中)
C
C
B
3.They are very thirsty. Will you please give them
A. some bottles of waters
B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water
D. any bottle of milk
1.– Would you like something to drink, Tara
-Yes, I’d like some _________.
A. sandwiches B. hot dogs C. water D. bread
真题再现
4.The doctor told me to eat more ____ because it's
good for my health. （2012年枫杨）
A. orange B. vegetable C. ice cream D. fish
5. It's s______ now. Everything begins to grow.
(2012枫杨)
D
pring
6. Eating more v________ is good for your health.
(2012郑州一中实验初中)
egetables
不可数名词的数
在表示“一”或“几”的数量概念时，不可数名词必须与相应的量词连用。如：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等
some milk
much food
a lot of fruit
常见量词短语
a piece of... 一块/张/片……
a box of... 一盒...
a box of milk 一盒牛奶
four glasses of water 四杯水
a cup of tea 一杯茶
a jar of jam 一罐果酱
1.Water ______ very important.
A. is B. am C. are d. be
2. ______ fall in autumn
A. The leaf B. The leafs C. The leaves
小试身手
3.—— Would you like to have a drink
—— Yes. Two ______, please.
A. cup of tea B. cups of tea
C. cup of teas D. cups of teas
小试身手
名词所有格
of+
名词
名词结尾+‘s
to+
名词
分类
无
生命
有
生命
定义：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫名词所有格
’s所有格的构成方法
单词形式 构成方法 例词
普通单数名词 在词尾加“ ’s ” Helen’s father
词尾已有-s的复数名词 在词尾加“ ‘ ” the two boys’ mother
词尾不带-s的复数名词 在词尾加“ ’s ” women’s clothes
表示几个词共有的关系 在最后一个词的词尾加“ ’s ” Su Hai and Su Yang’s mother
表示几个词各自的所有关系 在每个词的词尾加“ ’s ” Su Hai’s and Su Yang’s bags
Trump
dog
's
’s所有格的用法
Peter
Lily
mother.
and
's
Peter
and
Lily
heads.
's
's
①共有，在最后一个名词上加'或者's.
②各有，在所有名词上加'或者's.
共同所有：A and B 's + 名单
各自所有： A 's and B 's + 名复
Xiao Ming and Xiao Mingming's desk.
Tom and Mary 's mother.
Xiao Ming and Xiao Xin's teacher.
谁是谁的谁
tailor's
shop
doctor's
office/place
the tailor's
the doctor's
英语中表示“某人家”，“店铺”时，常省略所有格后的名词
2 's 所有格的用法：
1. 表示时间 four days' holiday
2. 表示自然现象 the earth's surface
3.表示世界国家 the country's plan
4.表示工作群体 the team's victory
5.表示距离时间 an hour‘s work
6.与人类活动有特殊关系的名词 thelife's time
7.表示某些固定词组 the bird's eye view
常见节日
Teachers’ Day
Children’s Day
Mother’s Day
1. —— Is it the twins’ bedroom
—— Yes, it is. It’s ______(Lucy and Lily) bedroom.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy’s and Lily
C. Lucy and Lily’s
小试身手
2. Football is ________ game.
A. boys’ B. boy C. boy’s
of 所有格
如果名词代表的事物是无生命的，常用“of + 名词”的方式来表示它的所有格。
a map of China
a picture of my family
key
to
the door
无生命的名词中，
一一对应关系要用to .
answer
to
the question
1. It’s _______ my mother.
A. a picture B. a picture of
C. a picture to
小试身手
2. Do you have a map _______ Shanghai
A. in B. ’s C. of
双重所有格
a car of Tom's
a photo of Terry
Harry
a photo of 's
生命's 或'加在后，
无生用of的结构。
对应关系要用to，
房间钥匙和问答。
共有最后词上放，
各有各管自个家。
Summary
真题再现：
(21枫杨)
(19北京)
20一中)
20一八)
24. The room is those________ living room.
A. twins B. twin’s C. twin D. twins’
25. ___________ sister is an English teacher.
A. Jim and Kate B. Jim’s and Kate’s
C. Jim’s and Kate D. Jim and Kate’s
26. Find the answer ________ the question, please.
A. of B. with C. to D. for
B
D
D
C
23.Whose bike is it It’s ____________.
A. John B. John’s C. Johns’ D. Johns
Summary(总结归纳)
名词的分类
不可数名词的辨析和考点
可数名词的单复数
(规则变化和不规则变化)
名词的所有格
名词的分类
名词的数
名词的所有格
名词
普通名词和专有名词
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词单复数
不可数名词的数
’s 所有格
of /to所有格
Review
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin第二章综合测试
一、将下列单词的复数形式填在适当的方框内。 (25 marks，@1marks）
二、仿照例子，写句子。(14 marks，@2marks）
1.This photo is fantastic! These photos are fantastic.
2. That bag is heavy.
3. This story is very funny!
4. That woman is from London.
5. This dress is beautiful!
6. That boy is very tall.
7. This radio is expensive.
8 This knife is sharp.
三、阅读短文，根据所给单词的适当形式填空。(23 marks，@1marks）
Animals around the world by Harry Davis.
1 Koalas (koala) are from Australia. They've got big 2________(nose)
yellow 3_______ (foot). Their 4 _________(eye)and very strong. Their 5 _______(tail)are very small. Koalas eat6______ (leaf). They eat two 7_______(kilo) every day. They love food.
They aren’t dangerous, but they’re afraid of 8 _________ (person).
Tigers
9________(tiger) are from Asia. They are very big_______ (cat) with strong ______(leg) and sharp 12______(tooth). They don’t eat 13.______ (leaf). They eat meat.They eat a lot of 14________(deer). They also eat 15______(monkey)and 16 ______(fish). They are dangerous, but they’re very beautiful.
Teenlink Best Friends Club.
Tell us about your friends! Send a photo and a short note about your friends
Dear Teenlink
My name is Lucy and I am eleven years old. This is a photo of my friends. We are in 17___________ (dad/ boat). The 18_____________ (boat/ name) is Lucy! Sophie is my best friend. Ben is 19____________ (sophie brother). 20____________ (ben favourite sport) is basketball. The 21_________________ (dog name)is Snowy. He’s 22___________ (ben and sophie /dog). He’s a great dog. 23____________________(james/ hobby) is skateboarding. He’s very good! 24_________________ (sandra mum) is a singer! Sandra is a good singer, too.
Lucy Hardy
四、找出句子中的错误，并将正确句子写在相应的横线上。 (14 marks，@2marks）
1. scoot and ryan are going camping this sturday.
_______________________________________________
2. sophia’s birthday party is in april.
______________________________________________
3. We are going to visit grandma on sunday.
________________________________________________
4. The smith family lives on oak street.
________________________________________________
5. My favourite festival is christmas.
________________________________________________
6. beijing is the capital of china.
________________________________________________
7. Baseball is the national game of the usa.
________________________________________________
五、阅读理解 (24 marks）
小朋友好！在接下来的评价活动中，你将和我们一起走进河南博物院，并在探究过程中完成一系列任务。
前言：欢迎来到河南博物馆！
（满分 24 分）
在博物院网站的青少年专栏中，你看到了以下页面。请根据网页内容，回答 1-6 题。（1-5 题每题 3 分，第 6 题 9 分）
Opening Times: 9:00 am-5:00pm from Tuesday to Sunday
[Closed except Monday except national holidays, year-round]
Henan Museum ★★★★★
Address.No.8 Nongye road. Jinshui District, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Ticket Price: Free
Audio Guide Information
Chinese/ English/Japanese
Price 20
About
Henan museum opened to the public on May 1st 1998. It is a history and art museum with an area(面积) of more than 100,000 m . It has about 140, 000 antiques(文物).
1. It Henan Museum open today (June 30, 2018, Saturday)
A. Yes, it is B. No, it isn’t
2. Is Henan Museum open on Dec 24, 2018
A. Yes, It is B. No, It isn’t.
3. How much do you have to pay for one audio guide service and one entry
ticket(门票) in all
A. Free B. 20 C. 40 D. 60
4. How many languages does the audio guide have
A. One B. two C. three D. four
5. 1000 is called one“thousand”in English. A million=1000 thousand. How many
antiques are there in the museum
A. 0.14 million B. 1.4 million C. 14 million D. 140 hundred
6. 请设计一张邀请函，邀请美国小伙伴 Amy 于下周二参观河南博物院并在当晚参加“博物院之夜”活动。（邀请函文字用黑色签字笔书写，其余元素用 2B 铅笔设计，不得出现真实的人名和校名等身份信息。）
要求：1.邀请函语言为英语，不少于 50 个单词；2.请对邀请函作简单的美化。
提示：本次评价活动的文字材料应该可以为你带来一些灵感。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
baby boy city class computer day dress face family
foot fox knife leaf lorry mouse pen person sheep
shelf strawberry tomato watch wife wolf woman
-ves
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
irregular
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
-s
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
-ies
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
-es
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________第二章综合测试 答案
Ⅰ. -s: boys, computers, days, faces, persons, pens
-es: classes, dresses, foxes, watches, tomatoes
-ies: babies,cities, families, lorries, strawberries
-ves: leaves, shelves, wolves, knives, wives
-irregular: feet, mice, sheep, women
Ⅱ. 2. Those bags are heavy.
These stories are very funny.
Those women are from London.
These dresses are beautiful!
Those boys are very tall.
These radios are expensive.
These knives are sharp.
Ⅲ. 2. noses 3. feet 4. eyes 5. tails
6. leaves 7. kilos 8. persons
Tigers 10. cats 11. legs 12. teeth
leaves 14. deer 15. monkeys 16. fishes
dad’s boat 18. boat’s name 19. Sophie’s brother
Ben’s favourite sport 21. dog’s name
Ben and Sophie’s 23. James’s hobby
24. Sandra’s mum
Ⅳ. 1. Scoot and Ryan are going camping this Saturday.
Sophia’s birthday party is in April.
We are going to visit grandma on Sunday.
The Smith Family lives on Oak Street.
My favourite festival is Christmas.
Beijing is the capital of China.
Baseball is the national game of the USA.
Ⅴ. 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A名词专项 Part one
知识网络图
普通名词和专有名词
,
,
名词的分类
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词单复数
,
名词
名词的数
不可数名词的数
‘s所有格
名词的所有格
of所有格
第一节名词分类
一、小试身手
The
are behind the cat.
A.mouse
B.mice
C.mouses
-Would you like to have a drink
Yes.Two
please.
知识点解折
A.cup of tea
B.cups of tea
·名词：是用来表示人事物、地点或抽象概念等的词
C.cup of teas
D.cups of teas
名词的分类
名词按其所表示的意义可分为专有名词(Proper
2
How much
is there on the table
Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns);根据其所表
A.bread
B.sheep
C.apple
示的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
3
There are eight
in the river.
A.fish
B.fishes
C.fishs
①专有名词
专有名词表示人、事物、地点或机构等专有的名
4
Tom and Jimmy are washing their
称，通常由一个词或几个词构成，如Mike,Miss Li,
A.faces
B.face
C.hand
China,English,the Great Wal,the US等。
②普通名词
普通名词表示某一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。
如：book,family,work等。
普通名词又可以分为以下四类：
①个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西
中的个体，如student,house。
常见的个体名词(Individual Nouns):
boy男孩
child孩子
student学生
tree树
banana香蕉
apple苹果
country国家
pen笔
tomato西红柿
desk桌子
book书本
bike自行车
②集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个体组成
的集合体，如class,people。
常见的集体名词(Collective Nouns):
family家庭
nation国家
police警察
team队伍
③物质名词(Material Nouns)：表示无法分为个体的
实物，如milk,coffee。
常见的物质名词(Material Nouns):
wood木料
meat肉
wine酒
tea茶
paper纸
ink墨水
water水
salt盐
④抽象名词
(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品
质、情感等，抽象概念，如：Iove,weather。
常见的抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):
time时间
hope希望
age年龄
health健康
help帮助
