选修6Unit 1 Art 语法课件--虚拟语气
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| 名称 | 选修6Unit 1 Art 语法课件--虚拟语气 |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 1.4MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2013-04-15 12:37:33 | ||
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课件60张PPT。Subjunctive moodGrammar一、语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:
陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。关于陈述语气 1What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气 2关于祈使语气 1关于祈使语气 2关于祈使语气 3关于祈使语气 4V+ ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. V. + ed.
2. should+ V.(原)
3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 如果现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果他来这儿, 他就能够帮助你了。
If he came here, he might be able to help you. V+ ed (were)would/could/should/might +V (原) 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
She would have gone to the party if she had been
invited.
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept
this morning. had donewould/could/should/might+have+p.p. 明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。
If I were to be twenty years old next
year, I would take the course of French.
要是失败了，我会再试一次。
If it should fail, I would try again.1. V. + ed.
2. should+ V.(原)
3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原)1. 如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。If you _______ here five minutes earlier, you
_________________ the bus.2. 如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。If I ____ not busy, I __________ you now.3. 如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？What ______ we do if it ____________
tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshouldwere to snowwould have caughtIf I ____________ busy last night,
I _______________ to see the
film with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he _________ more carefully,
he ____________________ the car
accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I ___________(know) your telephone
number, I ______________________
(telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned二、虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语从句现在: 过去时(were)
过去: 过去完成时(had done)
未来: would/could/might +V.(原) shouldI wish everyday were my birthday.I wish I hadn't eaten so much food.I wish I would grow tall.我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。
I wish I were ten years younger now.
我昨天要是遇见他就好了。
I wish I had met him yesterday.
我希望成为一名科学家。
I wish I would be a scientist.I wish I were as tall as YaoMing.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon. 表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2. would rather that现在:
过去:
未来:★ I would rather you paid me now.
★ I would rather I hadn’t come yesterday.
★ I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3. as if /though + 从句 现在：
过去：过去时过去完成时★ She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
★ I remember the whole thing as if it had
happened yesterday.★ 他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。
They talked as if they had been friends
for years.
★ 他看上去像是醉了。
He looks as if he were drunk.
★ 她看起来似乎是冰做的。
She looked as if she were made of ice.我们该去睡觉了。4. It’s (about/high) time +that过去时(were)
should(不省) +V.你该走了。It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。常见动词: 一个坚持，两个命令，
三个建议，四个要求。即
1) insist
2) order, command
3) advise, suggest, propose
4) demand, require, request, askI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody ____ (obey) the rules.
2) He insisted that she ___ (be)seriously ill and that ______ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3) He suggested that we ____ (have) a meeting at once.
4) His pale face suggested that he ____ (be) ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should) + 动词原形
order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 6. It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important
/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句,
从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+
动词原形★我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。
It is important that we (should) master
a foreign language.★很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。
It is strange that she refuse to come to
the party.
★ 我们有必要努力学习。
It’s necessary that we should study hard.
7. 虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中，
“要是……就好了”
If only I were a flying bird!
= How I wish I were a flying bird!
要是我看过那部电影就好了！
If only I had seen the film!
=How I wish I had seen the film!8. 在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.★要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。
If it had not been for your help, we
couldn’t have finished the work ahead
of time.
= But for your help…
= Without your help…
= Had it not been for your help,…9. 混合型的条件句
当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一
致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，
这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的
混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时
（指过去行为），而主句用一般时
（指目前状态）。★如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.
★假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么
办了。
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know
what to do now.
★假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。
If I were you, I would not have broken the
glass. 10. 连词if的省略
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,
had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had
和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于
书面语。
★要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Had you not helped me, I should
have failed.★ 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。
Were you in my position, you would
do the same.
★ 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底
消灭干净。
Should they attack us, we’ll wipe
them out completely. 1. ______ he come, the problem would be
settled.
A. would B. should C. shall D. if
2. _______, man could not live at all .
A. were it not for the sun
B. if it was for the sun
C. had it not been for the sun
D. if it shouldn’t be for the sun ExercisesB A 3. ______. Everything would have been
all right.
A. he had been here
B. here he had been
C. been here he had
D. had he been here
4. ____ fired, your health care and other
benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. would you be B. should you be
C. could you be D. might you be D B 错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词
发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。
主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。* 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：If the United States had built more homes for
poor people in 1955, the housing problems now
in some parts of this country ______ so serious.
A. wouldn’t be B. will not have been
C. wouldn’t have been D. would have not beenA 如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。
If you had followed my advice, you would
be better now.
如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学
生，四年后就会大学毕业了。
If you had studied hard before, you
would be a college student now, and
you would graduate from a college in
four years’ time.② 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should,
were, had三个助动词，可以把 if 省略，并将这
三个词提至句首。_______ she a man, she might be elected
president.
A. If were B. Were C. Be D. IsB If I had time, I would come.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go
climbing.
Had I time, I would come.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go
climbing.③ 含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without, or, otherwise, but for等词隐含某种假设。I lost your address, otherwise I
_______ you long before.
A. had visited B. have visited
C. would have visited D. should visitC 没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。
Without your help, we couldn’t have
succeeded in the experiment.
要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。
But for the rain, we would have finished
the work.④ 常见的几种固定句式。 如 If only, insist, suggest 及It’s time/ necessary/important that 从句等等。If only I ______?to my parents’ advice!
A. listening??????????? B. listen?????????????????????
C. am listening??????? D. had listened
His silence at the meeting suggested that he
_______?to your plan.
A. shouldn’t agree??B. wouldn’t agree???????
C. hadn’t agreed D. didn’t agreeD D The old professor gave orders that the
experiment _________ before 6. A. was finished?? B. will finish?
C. be finished??? D. shall be finished
It’s high time he ________?home. A. goes??? B. went???????
C. will go?????? D. is going to go Even if he _______(be) here, he couldn’t
solve the problem.
A. was B. were C. be D. is C B B The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains
C. rained D. is rained解析: 真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 B Eliza remembers everything exactly
as if it ____ yesterday. (NMET 06)
A. was happening
B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened高考链接D2. -- Don’t you think it necessary
that he ____ to Miami but to New
York?
-- I agree, but the problem is ____ he
has refused to. (05江苏)
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; whatB3. If I ___ plan to do anything I wanted
to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel
through as much of it as possible.
(05湖北)
A. would B. could
C. had to D. ought toB4. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in
turn, you _____ so tired. (全国卷)
A. drove; didn’t get
B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; didn’t get
D. had driven; wouldn’t have gotD5. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother. (全国卷)
A. has come B. did come
C. came D. had comeDHomework Remember the rules of
Subjunctive mood.
2. Do Exercises 2, 3 on page 5.?
陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。关于陈述语气 1What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气 2关于祈使语气 1关于祈使语气 2关于祈使语气 3关于祈使语气 4V+ ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. V. + ed.
2. should+ V.(原)
3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 如果现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果他来这儿, 他就能够帮助你了。
If he came here, he might be able to help you. V+ ed (were)would/could/should/might +V (原) 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
She would have gone to the party if she had been
invited.
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept
this morning. had donewould/could/should/might+have+p.p. 明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。
If I were to be twenty years old next
year, I would take the course of French.
要是失败了，我会再试一次。
If it should fail, I would try again.1. V. + ed.
2. should+ V.(原)
3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原)1. 如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。If you _______ here five minutes earlier, you
_________________ the bus.2. 如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。If I ____ not busy, I __________ you now.3. 如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？What ______ we do if it ____________
tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshouldwere to snowwould have caughtIf I ____________ busy last night,
I _______________ to see the
film with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he _________ more carefully,
he ____________________ the car
accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I ___________(know) your telephone
number, I ______________________
(telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned二、虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语从句现在: 过去时(were)
过去: 过去完成时(had done)
未来: would/could/might +V.(原) shouldI wish everyday were my birthday.I wish I hadn't eaten so much food.I wish I would grow tall.我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。
I wish I were ten years younger now.
我昨天要是遇见他就好了。
I wish I had met him yesterday.
我希望成为一名科学家。
I wish I would be a scientist.I wish I were as tall as YaoMing.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon. 表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2. would rather that现在:
过去:
未来:★ I would rather you paid me now.
★ I would rather I hadn’t come yesterday.
★ I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3. as if /though + 从句 现在：
过去：过去时过去完成时★ She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
★ I remember the whole thing as if it had
happened yesterday.★ 他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。
They talked as if they had been friends
for years.
★ 他看上去像是醉了。
He looks as if he were drunk.
★ 她看起来似乎是冰做的。
She looked as if she were made of ice.我们该去睡觉了。4. It’s (about/high) time +that过去时(were)
should(不省) +V.你该走了。It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。常见动词: 一个坚持，两个命令，
三个建议，四个要求。即
1) insist
2) order, command
3) advise, suggest, propose
4) demand, require, request, askI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody ____ (obey) the rules.
2) He insisted that she ___ (be)seriously ill and that ______ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3) He suggested that we ____ (have) a meeting at once.
4) His pale face suggested that he ____ (be) ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should) + 动词原形
order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 6. It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important
/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句,
从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+
动词原形★我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。
It is important that we (should) master
a foreign language.★很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。
It is strange that she refuse to come to
the party.
★ 我们有必要努力学习。
It’s necessary that we should study hard.
7. 虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中，
“要是……就好了”
If only I were a flying bird!
= How I wish I were a flying bird!
要是我看过那部电影就好了！
If only I had seen the film!
=How I wish I had seen the film!8. 在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.★要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。
If it had not been for your help, we
couldn’t have finished the work ahead
of time.
= But for your help…
= Without your help…
= Had it not been for your help,…9. 混合型的条件句
当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一
致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，
这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的
混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时
（指过去行为），而主句用一般时
（指目前状态）。★如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.
★假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么
办了。
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know
what to do now.
★假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。
If I were you, I would not have broken the
glass. 10. 连词if的省略
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,
had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had
和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于
书面语。
★要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Had you not helped me, I should
have failed.★ 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。
Were you in my position, you would
do the same.
★ 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底
消灭干净。
Should they attack us, we’ll wipe
them out completely. 1. ______ he come, the problem would be
settled.
A. would B. should C. shall D. if
2. _______, man could not live at all .
A. were it not for the sun
B. if it was for the sun
C. had it not been for the sun
D. if it shouldn’t be for the sun ExercisesB A 3. ______. Everything would have been
all right.
A. he had been here
B. here he had been
C. been here he had
D. had he been here
4. ____ fired, your health care and other
benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. would you be B. should you be
C. could you be D. might you be D B 错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词
发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。
主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。* 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：If the United States had built more homes for
poor people in 1955, the housing problems now
in some parts of this country ______ so serious.
A. wouldn’t be B. will not have been
C. wouldn’t have been D. would have not beenA 如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。
If you had followed my advice, you would
be better now.
如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学
生，四年后就会大学毕业了。
If you had studied hard before, you
would be a college student now, and
you would graduate from a college in
four years’ time.② 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should,
were, had三个助动词，可以把 if 省略，并将这
三个词提至句首。_______ she a man, she might be elected
president.
A. If were B. Were C. Be D. IsB If I had time, I would come.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go
climbing.
Had I time, I would come.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go
climbing.③ 含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without, or, otherwise, but for等词隐含某种假设。I lost your address, otherwise I
_______ you long before.
A. had visited B. have visited
C. would have visited D. should visitC 没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。
Without your help, we couldn’t have
succeeded in the experiment.
要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。
But for the rain, we would have finished
the work.④ 常见的几种固定句式。 如 If only, insist, suggest 及It’s time/ necessary/important that 从句等等。If only I ______?to my parents’ advice!
A. listening??????????? B. listen?????????????????????
C. am listening??????? D. had listened
His silence at the meeting suggested that he
_______?to your plan.
A. shouldn’t agree??B. wouldn’t agree???????
C. hadn’t agreed D. didn’t agreeD D The old professor gave orders that the
experiment _________ before 6. A. was finished?? B. will finish?
C. be finished??? D. shall be finished
It’s high time he ________?home. A. goes??? B. went???????
C. will go?????? D. is going to go Even if he _______(be) here, he couldn’t
solve the problem.
A. was B. were C. be D. is C B B The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains
C. rained D. is rained解析: 真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 B Eliza remembers everything exactly
as if it ____ yesterday. (NMET 06)
A. was happening
B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened高考链接D2. -- Don’t you think it necessary
that he ____ to Miami but to New
York?
-- I agree, but the problem is ____ he
has refused to. (05江苏)
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; whatB3. If I ___ plan to do anything I wanted
to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel
through as much of it as possible.
(05湖北)
A. would B. could
C. had to D. ought toB4. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in
turn, you _____ so tired. (全国卷)
A. drove; didn’t get
B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; didn’t get
D. had driven; wouldn’t have gotD5. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother. (全国卷)
A. has come B. did come
C. came D. had comeDHomework Remember the rules of
Subjunctive mood.
2. Do Exercises 2, 3 on page 5.?