2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句课件（24张）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句课件（24张） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-05-22 11:16:14 | ||
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(共24张PPT)
Attributive Clause
定 语 从 句
1.定语从句的概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
一 概念
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
I saw the house that was burning at that time.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系词的作用
① 连接作用
② 指代作用
③ 在从句中 做成分
指代先行词
作主语
二 分类：
定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 ， 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。
who, whom, whose, which，that
where, when, why
三 关系代词
(2)The river which/that is in front of my house is very clean.
(4)They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
(1)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
(5)They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
(6)The man whom/who you are waiting for has gone home.
(3)Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
Observe the following sentences ,discuss them in groups and then fill the form.
that which who whom whose
指代
成分
名称
关系代词
主语
物/人
物
人
人
物/人
宾语
表语
主语
主语
宾语
宾语
宾语
定语
注意：
关系代词在从句中作宾语可以省略。
e.g: (1)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
(2)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. The package you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
He is the man I saw yesterday.
1.区别
1.1先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。
①All that we have to do is to practice English.
②The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
③I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 ;
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰;
(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ;
(6)当句中已有which/who时 ， 为避免重复 。
(5)先行词既有人又有物时;
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时;
④He is the only person that I want to talk with.
⑤They talked about persons and things that they met.
⑥Who is the man that is giving us the class
当先行词被代，高，序，恰恰修饰时，
或者既有人又有物时只用that。
Summary:
1.2 只能用which，不能用that
（2）关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。
（1）在非限制性定语从句中（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开）只能使用关系词which，不能使用关系词that；
This is the building in which he lives .
His book , which was lost last week , has been found now.
Those who are singing are all my classmates .
He who plays with fire gets burned .
1.3先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that。
但以下情况下，只能用who。
(1)当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，用who;
(2)在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who;指物时用that;
(3)当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。
There is a girl who expects to see you .
①The girl whose parents work in Beijing is Kate .
1.4.定语从句中whose的确定：
无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。
②Kae, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
③In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,
one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
判断：看定语从句的主语(名词）前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s，等），若没有，则用whose。
总结：①从句缺主语，宾语，表语用关系代词；
没有逗号用that;those多用who
②有逗号不用that,有介词不用that;
③空后是名词，先行词在从句中作定语译为“谁的”
用whose;
④介词后多用which/whom,
先行词指人用whom,先行词指物用which。
①Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
②Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of which has been proved.
(1)The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
(2)I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
(3)He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.
(4)I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.
小试牛刀
that
which
whose
which
(5)The old temple roof was destroyed in storm is now under repair.
(6) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their villiage home for a better life in big city.
(7）Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognising their own strengths.
(8) Finally, we reached the island was completely cut off from the outside world.
whose
whom
who
that/which
2.as引导定语从句
2.1引导限制性定语从句
用在 such, same, as 等之后，引导限制性定语从句,such…as, the same…as, as…as。
e.g: (1) I live in the same place as Tom does.
我和汤姆住在同处。
(2)He’s not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。
(3)He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.
他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。
2.2引导非限制性定语从句
单独用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。如：
（1）As was expected, he succeeded at last.
正如我们所料，他终于成功了。
（2）I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice.
我饭后喝咖啡，这是我的习惯。
（3）Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
弗雷迪在参加会议，这是可以预料到的。
2.3 as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
(1)位置：
as位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。
which只能放于只能位于主句后
（2）意思：
as译为“正如，正像”
which 译为“这一点，这件事”
一个众所周知或意料之中的事
意料之外
①He passed the exame, as we expected.
②He passed the exame, which surprised us.
as 固定搭配，像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。
Exercises:
①He and his family bycicle to work, helps them keep fit.
②The numberof smokers, is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
③By now ,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.
④ is often thecase withr the children ,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
⑤There is such an unforgettable experience they have.
which
as
As
as
which
四 关系副词
(1)Opposite is St.Paul' Church,where you can hear some lovely music.
(2)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
(3)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.
(4)Is this the reason why he refused our offer
Observe the following sentences ,discuss them in groups and then fill the form.
解题技巧：①从句主谓宾全；主系表全；
②从句主语+不及物动词(stay,live,work,come,go,born,arrive等）
when where why
指代
成分
名称
关系副词
时间名词
地点名词
the reason
状 语
关系副词when/where既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句；why只可引导限制性定语从句。
介词+which
介词+which
for + which
当先行词是 stage,case,point,situation等词，关系词在定语从句中做状语时，用关系副词where引导。
注意
Summary
定语从句
定语:相当于 ，修饰名词或代词
构成:名词或代词+ +从句
分类:限制性:
非限制性:
;
形容词
关系词
修饰或限定所涉及的人或物的具体情况
给出额外的补充信息
逗号
关系词:
关系代词:
关系副词:
指人，作主语或宾语;
who
whom
指人，作宾语;
指事、物，作主语或宾语;
指人或事、物，作主语或宾语;
所修饰的名词为所属关系，作定语;
作地点状语
作时间状语;
作原因状语;
which
that
whose
where
when
why
总结：
第一步：先找准先行词
第二步：再看先行词在定语从句中做的成分，
如在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语用关系代词，
作定语用whose；
如作状语用关系副词，先行词是时间的名词用when，
地点的名词用where，the reason 用why
高考真题练习
(1)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
(2)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
(3)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather。
(4)Many lessons are now available online, from _______students can choose for free.
that/which
where
which
which
(5)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
(6)They were well trained by their masters_ had great experience with caring for these animals.
(7)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.
(8)We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
whose
who/that
that/which
when
Thank you!
Attributive Clause
定 语 从 句
1.定语从句的概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
一 概念
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
I saw the house that was burning at that time.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系词的作用
① 连接作用
② 指代作用
③ 在从句中 做成分
指代先行词
作主语
二 分类：
定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 ， 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。
who, whom, whose, which，that
where, when, why
三 关系代词
(2)The river which/that is in front of my house is very clean.
(4)They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
(1)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
(5)They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
(6)The man whom/who you are waiting for has gone home.
(3)Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
Observe the following sentences ,discuss them in groups and then fill the form.
that which who whom whose
指代
成分
名称
关系代词
主语
物/人
物
人
人
物/人
宾语
表语
主语
主语
宾语
宾语
宾语
定语
注意：
关系代词在从句中作宾语可以省略。
e.g: (1)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
(2)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. The package you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
He is the man I saw yesterday.
1.区别
1.1先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。
①All that we have to do is to practice English.
②The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
③I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 ;
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰;
(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ;
(6)当句中已有which/who时 ， 为避免重复 。
(5)先行词既有人又有物时;
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时;
④He is the only person that I want to talk with.
⑤They talked about persons and things that they met.
⑥Who is the man that is giving us the class
当先行词被代，高，序，恰恰修饰时，
或者既有人又有物时只用that。
Summary:
1.2 只能用which，不能用that
（2）关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。
（1）在非限制性定语从句中（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开）只能使用关系词which，不能使用关系词that；
This is the building in which he lives .
His book , which was lost last week , has been found now.
Those who are singing are all my classmates .
He who plays with fire gets burned .
1.3先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that。
但以下情况下，只能用who。
(1)当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，用who;
(2)在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who;指物时用that;
(3)当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。
There is a girl who expects to see you .
①The girl whose parents work in Beijing is Kate .
1.4.定语从句中whose的确定：
无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。
②Kae, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
③In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,
one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
判断：看定语从句的主语(名词）前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s，等），若没有，则用whose。
总结：①从句缺主语，宾语，表语用关系代词；
没有逗号用that;those多用who
②有逗号不用that,有介词不用that;
③空后是名词，先行词在从句中作定语译为“谁的”
用whose;
④介词后多用which/whom,
先行词指人用whom,先行词指物用which。
①Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
②Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of which has been proved.
(1)The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
(2)I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
(3)He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.
(4)I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.
小试牛刀
that
which
whose
which
(5)The old temple roof was destroyed in storm is now under repair.
(6) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their villiage home for a better life in big city.
(7）Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognising their own strengths.
(8) Finally, we reached the island was completely cut off from the outside world.
whose
whom
who
that/which
2.as引导定语从句
2.1引导限制性定语从句
用在 such, same, as 等之后，引导限制性定语从句,such…as, the same…as, as…as。
e.g: (1) I live in the same place as Tom does.
我和汤姆住在同处。
(2)He’s not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。
(3)He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.
他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。
2.2引导非限制性定语从句
单独用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。如：
（1）As was expected, he succeeded at last.
正如我们所料，他终于成功了。
（2）I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice.
我饭后喝咖啡，这是我的习惯。
（3）Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
弗雷迪在参加会议，这是可以预料到的。
2.3 as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
(1)位置：
as位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。
which只能放于只能位于主句后
（2）意思：
as译为“正如，正像”
which 译为“这一点，这件事”
一个众所周知或意料之中的事
意料之外
①He passed the exame, as we expected.
②He passed the exame, which surprised us.
as 固定搭配，像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。
Exercises:
①He and his family bycicle to work, helps them keep fit.
②The numberof smokers, is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
③By now ,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.
④ is often thecase withr the children ,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
⑤There is such an unforgettable experience they have.
which
as
As
as
which
四 关系副词
(1)Opposite is St.Paul' Church,where you can hear some lovely music.
(2)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
(3)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.
(4)Is this the reason why he refused our offer
Observe the following sentences ,discuss them in groups and then fill the form.
解题技巧：①从句主谓宾全；主系表全；
②从句主语+不及物动词(stay,live,work,come,go,born,arrive等）
when where why
指代
成分
名称
关系副词
时间名词
地点名词
the reason
状 语
关系副词when/where既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句；why只可引导限制性定语从句。
介词+which
介词+which
for + which
当先行词是 stage,case,point,situation等词，关系词在定语从句中做状语时，用关系副词where引导。
注意
Summary
定语从句
定语:相当于 ，修饰名词或代词
构成:名词或代词+ +从句
分类:限制性:
非限制性:
;
形容词
关系词
修饰或限定所涉及的人或物的具体情况
给出额外的补充信息
逗号
关系词:
关系代词:
关系副词:
指人，作主语或宾语;
who
whom
指人，作宾语;
指事、物，作主语或宾语;
指人或事、物，作主语或宾语;
所修饰的名词为所属关系，作定语;
作地点状语
作时间状语;
作原因状语;
which
that
whose
where
when
why
总结：
第一步：先找准先行词
第二步：再看先行词在定语从句中做的成分，
如在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语用关系代词，
作定语用whose；
如作状语用关系副词，先行词是时间的名词用when，
地点的名词用where，the reason 用why
高考真题练习
(1)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
(2)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
(3)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather。
(4)Many lessons are now available online, from _______students can choose for free.
that/which
where
which
which
(5)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
(6)They were well trained by their masters_ had great experience with caring for these animals.
(7)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.
(8)We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
whose
who/that
that/which
when
Thank you!