2022届高考二轮英语复习：专题八 介词和介词短语（含答案）

【通用版】专题八 介词和介词短语—2023届高考英语一轮复习夯基固本时时练
一、填空题
1.Please come _________ your convenience.
2._________ pollution levels on the rise, the Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
3._____terms of population, China is the largest country in the world, followed by India.
4.When we judge his performance, I think we should take his age _______ account.
5.The young man, who was the only man _______ the spot, was told to set down what he saw.
6.When the game ended, our coach hit Paul _______ the shoulder, saying, "you've just earned your place on the team, big guy!"
7.Many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault ________ youngsters' performances.
8.If something lets you ________, it is the reason you are not as successful as you could have been.
9.Underground water is ________ average, which is a warning signal of water shortage.
10.Rock music consists _____ many different styles.
11.It is a pity that many small plants in that country closed down _____ lack of funds.
12.It is important to remember that you must add a lot of efforts _____ your work.
13.The good news that we won the competition has taken the load ______ my mind.
14._______ his terrible illness, he succeeded in finishing the task.
15.Studies show that mothers have a talent for making people feel _____ home.
16.His native town has changed _________ recognition, so he can hardly find a familiar building.
17.I do as my mother says, but she is never happy _____ me.
18.He has had to travel the country in search work.
19.The talent of these artists can't help but draw you in, their paintings bringing the era _________ life.
20.During winter, people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend _____ the cold weather.
二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cities are diverse ecosystems, and a large number of species share urban areas with us. As our city spreads, we need to think about ①_____ it is like for other species to have human neighbors.
Because cities ②_____(build) for humans, they do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife. For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them ③_____(pretty) than before. But when we cut grass or plant flowers, we destroy natural habitats.
When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom, ④_____ made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats. At first, people were afraid ⑤_____ the bats. Now, they have come to value ⑥_____(they) winged neighbors. The bats are a tourist ⑦_____(attract), and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the objective of ⑧_____(bring) wildlife into the city. Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park ⑨_____(use) native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone where over 160 species of birds can move about ⑩_____(free). If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors to the wildlife around us.
三、阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
After traveling ①_____ space for seven months, China's Tianwen-1 probe(探测器) has reached Mars and ②_____(smooth) entered the orbit on February 10, 2021, according to China National Space Administration. The administration also published a black-and-white picture of Mars taken by Tianwen-1 ③_____ the probe was about 2.2 million kilometers from Mars.
The name Tianwen, ④_____(borrow) from an ancient Chinese poem by Qu Yuan of the Kingdom of Chu, ⑤_____(mean) "the quest for heavenly truth". Tianwen-1, the country's first ⑥_____(independence) Mars mission, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket, by far the ⑦_____(large) launch vehicle in China, from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province, on July 23, 2020.
The mission ⑧_____(design) to study the composition of the Martian atmosphere as well as contributing to the ongoing search for past and present life. ⑨_____ will be the first mission in space history to complete orbiting, landing and wandering at a time. The final goal is to soft-land a rover in May on the southern part of Mars' Utopia Planitia ⑩_____(conduct) scientific surveys.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：at
解析： 根据句意和结构可知这句话使用介词短语at one's convenience在某人方便的时候。
2.答案：With
解析： 考查With的复合结构。句意：随着污染水平的上升，环境保护委员会正在寻找解决问题的方法。with的复合结构：with+宾语+介词短语，在句中用作状语，分析句子可知，_____ pollution levels on the rise，在句中为状语，短语on the rise，意为"在增加"，故填With。
3.答案：In
解析： 考查固定短语。句意：就人口而言，中国是世界上最大的国家，其次是印度。固定短语in terms of译为“就……而言”。故填In。
4.答案：into
解析： 考查介词。句意：我们评价他的表演时，我认为我们应该把他的年龄考虑在内。take...into account意为“把……考虑进去”，故本空应用介词into。
5.答案：on
解析： 考查介词。on the spot'"在现场"，固定短语，故填：on.
6.答案：on
7.答案：with
解析：考查固定搭配,根据句意,可知要填的词为"with",构成固定搭配find fault with sb挑剔某人,找茬。
8.答案：down
解析： let down使……失望，是固定搭配。故填：down.
9.答案：below
解析： below average低于平均水平的，较差的，是固定搭配。故填：below.
10.答案：of
解析：句意: 摇滚乐由很多种风格组成。consist of由......组成。
11.答案：for
解析：考查介词。句意: 遗憾的是那个国家的许多小工厂因为缺乏资金倒闭了。for lack of..."因缺乏......"为固定用法, 故填for。
12.答案：to
解析：句意为: 重要的是记住你必须在工作中付出很多努力。add...to...意为"把......加到......中"。
13.答案：off
14.答案：Despite
解析：考查介词。句意为：尽管病得很重，他还是成功完成了任务。根据句意填一个表示虽然的介词 Despite。
15.答案：at
解析：feel at home意为“感觉自在”。故填at。
16.答案：beyond
解析：句意为:他的故乡发生了彻底的改变,所以他几乎找不到一幢熟悉的建筑物。beyond recognition意为“识别不出,面目全非”。故填beyond。
17.答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意: 我按照母亲的意思去做, 但她从未对我满意过。be happy with...为固定搭配, 意为"对......满意"。故用with。
18.答案：of
解析：考查短语in search of.
19.答案：to
解析：句意为:这些艺术家的才华不禁吸引了你,他们的绘画给那个时代带来了生机。bring...to life意为“赋予……生机”。故填to。
20.答案：against/ from
解析：句意为:在冬季,人们应该吃一些热的食物,这样有益于身体,还能抵御寒冷的天气。defend against/ from意为“抵御”。故填against/ from。
二、
答案：①what ②are built ③prettier ④which ⑤of ⑥their ⑦attraction ⑧bringing ⑨used ⑩freely
解析：①考查名词性从句。句意为: 随着城市的扩张, 我们需要思考其他物种与人类为邻是什么感觉。分析句子结构可知, 介词about后为设空处引导的宾语从句, 设空处在宾语从句中作主语, 表示"......的东西/样子", 应用连接代词what引导。
②考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为: 因为城市是为人类而建的, 所以它们并不总是为野生动物提供合适的栖息地。根据语境可知, 此处陈述一般事实, 应用一般现在时; 主语cities与谓语动词build之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态; 且主语cities为复数形式, 故填are built。
③考查形容词的比较等级。句意为: 例如, 大多数城市公园都保持整洁, 这样人们会发现它们比以前更漂亮。分析句子结构可知, 此处为"find+宾语+宾补"结构, 设空处作宾补, 应用形容词形式, 结合than可知, 此处应为形容词的比较级。故填prettier。
④考查定语从句。句意为: 当得克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一座桥被修复时, 工程师们在它的底部增加了一些小缺口, 这为蝙蝠提供了一个很好的家, 很快这座桥就成了成千上万只蝙蝠的家。分析句子结构可知, 此处引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰整个句子, 从句中缺少主语, 应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
⑤考查介词。句意为: 起初, 人们害怕蝙蝠。be afraid of...意为"害怕......", 是固定短语。故填of。
⑥考查代词。句意为: 现在, 他们开始重视他们有翅膀的邻居了。此处作定语修饰neighbors, 应用形容词性物主代词, 故填their。
⑦考查词性转换。句意为: 这些蝙蝠成了一个旅游景点, 它们每天晚上吃很多虫子。此处作are的表语, 前有冠词限定, 应用名词形式。tourist attraction意为"旅游景点", 故填attraction。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意为: 还有一些建筑的目的是将野生动物带入城市。分析句子结构可知, 此处作介词of的宾语, 应用动名词形式。故填bringing。
⑨考查动词的时态。句意为: 该公园使用本地植物, 为野生动物创造了开放的自然空间。根据下文并列谓语created用一般过去时可知, 此处应用一般过去时, 主语The park与谓语动词use之间是主动关系, 应用主动语态。故填used。
⑩考查词形变化。句意为: 结果是有了一个超过160种鸟类可以自由活动的区域。此处修饰动词短语move about, 表示"自由地", 应用副词freely。
三、
答案：①through/in ②smoothly ③when/as ④borrowed ⑤means ⑥independent ⑦largest ⑧is designed/has been designed ⑨It ⑩to conduct
解析：①考查介词。句意为: 根据中国国家航天局的消息, 在太空飞行7个月后, 中国的"天问一号"探测器已于2021年2月10日抵达火星, 并顺利进入轨道。此处表示"穿梭于太空立体空间内", 应用介词through 或in, 故填through/in。
②考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。此处修饰动词entered, 应用副词形式, 故填smoothly。
③考查状语从句。句意为: 国家航天局还公布了一张由"天问一号"在距离火星约220万千米时拍摄的火星黑白照片。结合句意可知, 此处表示"当探测器距离火星约220万千米时", 设空处引导时间状语从句, 故填when/as。
④考查非谓语动词。句意为: "天问"这个名字引自楚国屈原的一首古诗, 意思是"追寻天理"。分析句子结构可知, 此处为非谓语动词作后置定语, 修饰The name Tianwen, 其与borrow之间为逻辑上的被动关系, 故填borrowed。
⑤考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。此处为本句的谓语动词, 介绍"天问"的含义, 应用一般现在时, 主语为The name Tianwen, 是第三人称单数, 故填means。
⑥考查词性转换。句意为: 2020年7月23日, 我国首个独立火星任务"天问一号"在海南省文昌航天发射中心由中国迄今为止最大的运载火箭长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空。此处修饰名词短语Mars mission, 应用形容词, 故填independent。
⑦考查形容词的比较等级。句意见上一题解析。by far常用于修饰最高级, "by far+the+形容词最高级"意为"迄今最为......", 故填largest。
⑧考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为: 该任务旨在研究火星大气的组成, 并有助于对过去和现在生命的持续探索。此处可用一般现在时表示客观性的介绍, 也可用现在完成时表示动作发生在过去, 对现在有影响, 主语The mission为第三人称单数, 其与design之间为被动关系, 故填is designed/has been designed。
⑨考查代词。句意为: 这将是太空历史上首次同时完成轨道运行、着陆和漫游的任务。此处指代前文出现的mission, 故填It。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意为: 最终的目标是5月在火星的乌托邦平原南部将探测器软着陆, 以进行科学调查。此处表目的, 应用动词不定式作目的状语, 故填to conduct。