2022届高考二轮英语复习：专题五 名词（含答案）
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【通用版】专题五 名词—2023届高考英语一轮复习夯基固本时时练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.We need to realize that the issue isn't lack of ________(create).
2.She was unable to give the police a __________(describe) of the attacker because she had no memory of what had happened to her.
3.No one knows how the world came into ________(exist).
4.The world needs all kinds of creatures --- without ________(vary), our planet cannot survive.
5.Chinese architects are getting international______ (recognize)．
6.Athens, the capital city of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western________(civil).
7.It's healthier to release _______ (frustrate) than to bottle it up.
8.No one shall enter the room without__________(permit) .
9.Hunger and________(poor) are still main causes for a large number of deaths in modern society.
10.Nothing can ever take the place of real love and family (together).
11.The building took the country’s best__________(artist) about ten years to make.
12.A furnished room or house is available to be rented together with all sorts of__________(furnish) in it.
13.When a small amount of blood is taken out from a donor, the body will make quick _____________(adjust) to it.
14.Now I am writing to apply for a position working as a teaching ______________ (assist).
15.I have to make a __________(complain) about the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant.
16.“The ________(major)of my patients come to me from out of town,” said the doctor.
17.To my parents’ _________(satisfy), he got the highest marks in the exam.
18.He adapted effortlessly to his new _______________ (surround).
19.Elizabeth has no ______(intend) of getting married before thirty.
20.He reasoned out several _______(solution) to the problem.
二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Who are better at science in your class, girls or boys These years, girls start to show more interest in the ①__________(subject) of science, technology, engineering and maths(STEM) , according to a study from the UK.
In the study, every year over the last seven years, over 20,000 students ②__________ were in their final year in high school were surveyed. As for university courses, ③__________ number of girls considering choosing STEM subjects has a ④__________ (big) increase than that of boys. Over one-fifth of the girls surveyed said they were considering jobs ⑤__________ (relate) to STEM, such as engineers. And the interest in engineering and science has also risen.
This is an important change for women in the UK. But at present, there are not nearly as many women ⑥__________ men studying STEM subjects or working in the STEM fields. Only 13% 22% of people who graduate ⑦__________ university with STEM degrees are women. And women are seen only in one-eighth of STEM jobs.
Are men really more suited to STEM work that women Of course not. This is ⑧__________ (part) because of the conventional idea, which means many people think so, even though it is not correct.
"It is important that young women should ⑨__________ (encourage) to get into these jobs. In fact, STEM subjects are fun and exciting. Studying science can do ⑩__________ (we) good. It offers women chances of taking up fantastic careers and they will get higher pay in these areas,” said Nikki Yates, manager of GSK's business.
三、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Like many other students, you may have various people, ①________(include) family members and friends, giving input on your college decision.
While many of your trusted relatives and peers (同龄人) may have very ②________ (value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone. Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and ③________ (satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind.
Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy ④________ (let) a particular school become a front-runner early on ⑤________ your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice — but be sure to carefully evaluate every school ⑥________ has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.
Do keep ⑦________ open mind. Students can change majors, but remember that there's no reliving a certain semester(学期), and there's no making up for lost time. Don't go to a school ⑧________ (specific) for a high school relationship ⑨________ to make someone else happy. A ⑩________ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：creativity
解析： 考查名词。句意：我们需要认识到问题不在于缺少创造性。结合句意可知，lack of缺少，缺乏，后跟名词作宾语，creativity"创造性"，抽象概念，不可数。故填creativity。
2.答案：description
解析： 考查名词。句意：她无法向警方描述袭击者的模样，因为她不记得自己身上发生了什么事。根据句意和空前的冠词a可知，空处填名词，“描述”的名词为description.。故填description。
3.答案：existence
解析： 句意：没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。come into existence出现；存在；产生，是固定搭配。故填：existence.
4.答案：variety
解析： 考查名词。句意：世界需要各种各样的生物一没有多样性，我们的星球就无法生存。根据空格前的介词without可知，此处应用vary的名词形式variety“多样性”，为不可数名词，作介词宾语。故答案为：variety。
5.答案：recognition
解析： 本题主要考查名词。结合句意，中国建筑师正在获得国际认可。填空处位于形容词international 之后，故应填recognize的名词形式recognition，意为“认可”。故正确答案为recognition。
6.答案：civilization
解析： 考查名词。句意：雅典是希腊的首都，以西方文明的发源地而闻名。形容词修饰名词，作介词of的宾语，故填civilization。
7.答案：frustration
解析： 句意：受挫折后发泄一通比强忍着对身体有益。release是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；frustration是可数名词，根据句中it要用单数形式。故填：frustration.
8.答案：permission
解析： 句意：未经允许，任何人不得进入这个房间。考查名词辨析。permission准许；许可。without为介词，后可接名词。结合句意，故填permission。
9.答案：poverty
解析： 考查名饲。句意：在现代社会，饥饿和贫穷仍然是造成大量死亡的主要原因。空处作主语，表示"贫穷"应填名词poverty，表抽象概念不可数。故填poverty。
10.答案：togetherness
解析： 考查名词。句意：没有什么能取代真爱和家庭团聚。短语take the place of，意为“代替，取代”，and为并列连词，所以其前后使用的词性应为同一类。本句中and前real love为名词短语，所以其后也要用名词，故填togetherness。
11.答案：artists
解析： 考查名词复数。句意：这座建筑花了这个国家最优秀的艺术家大约十年的时间才建成。artist是可数名词，此处指“这个国家最优秀的艺术家”，应不止一个，应用复数形式。故填artists。
12.答案：furniture
解析： 分析句子可知此处指"家具"，应用名词furniture, furniture是不可数名词，故填furniture.
13.答案：adjustments
解析： make adjustments to sth.调整以适应，是固定搭配。故填：adjustments.
14.答案：assistant
解析： 所给词assist为动词，设空前有a teaching修饰，根据句意应填单数名词assistant，指"助理；助手"，a teaching assistant"教学助理；助教"，故填assistant。
15.答案：complaint
解析： 所给词complain是动词，设空前有不定冠词a修饰，应用名词complaint作动词make的宾语，make a complaint about"就……提出投诉"。故填complaint。
16.答案：majority
解析： 考查名词。the majority of"大多数"，固定短语，故填：majority.
17.答案：satisfaction
解析： to one's satisfaction令某人满意的是，是固定搭配。故填：satisfaction.
18.答案：surroundings
解析： 考查词性,作宾语,所以用名词surroundings"环境", surround为动词, surrounding为形容词,当作名词常用复数surroundings。
19.答案：intention
20.答案：solutions
二、
答案：1. subjects2. who/that3. the4.bigger5.related6. as7.from8. partly9.be encouraged10.us
解析： ①考查名词的数。句意：女孩们开始对科学、技术、工程和数学等学科表现出更多的兴趣。subject（学科）是可数名词，介词of之后列举了不同学科，所以用名词的复数形式。故填subjects。
②考查定语从句的引导词。students作先行词，同时引导词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
③考查冠词。根据本句谓语动词用了第三人称单数形式has可知，此处应填定冠词the, the number of（……的数目）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故填the。
④考查形容词比较级。根据后面连词than可知，此处用形容词比较级。故填bigger。
⑤考查词类转换。句意：超过五分之一的受访女孩表示，她们正在考虑与STEM相关的工作。所填单词作定语修饰前面名词jobs, relate是动词，含义是：把……联系起来，其形容词形式related表示与……相关的。故填related。
⑥考查连词。句意：目前，研究STEM学科或从事这一领域的女性人数不如男性多。as+adj./adv.+as 和……一样。故填as。
⑦考查介词。graduate from university）从大学毕业。故填from。
⑧考查副词。此处修饰介词短语，用副词partly。故填partly。
⑨考查动词语态。encourage（鼓舞、鼓励）是及物动词。主语young women与谓语动词encourage，之间为被动关系，结合情态动词should之后接动词原形，故填be encouraged。
⑩考查代词。do sb. good对某人有好处。此处代词作宾语，用宾格。故填us。
三、
答案：including; valuable; satisfied; to let; in/during; that; an; specifically; or; student's
解析： 本文主要介绍了如何选择自己心仪的大学。
①考查介词。由语境可知,空处表示"包括……在内",应填介词including。
②考查形容词。空处修饰advice,应用形容词,由语境可知此处应填valuable,表示"宝贵的"。
③考查形容词。此处考查"make +宾语+宾补"结构,因宾语是you,应用形容词satisfied和happy并列。
④考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此处考查句型"It + be + adj.+to do sth.",其中It是形式主语,不定式作真正的主语,故填to let。
⑤考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表示"在你的决策过程中",因此要用in/during。
⑥考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,指代先行词school,并在从句中作主语,因先行词被every修饰,所以用关系代词that。
⑦考查冠词。keep an open mind"保持开放的心态",故填an。
⑧考查副词。空处表示"特意,专门地",故填specifically。
⑨考查连词。此处表示选择,意为"或者",故填or。
⑩考查名词所有格。空处修饰college experience,因此要用所有格形式student's,意为"一个学生的大学经历"。
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.We need to realize that the issue isn't lack of ________(create).
2.She was unable to give the police a __________(describe) of the attacker because she had no memory of what had happened to her.
3.No one knows how the world came into ________(exist).
4.The world needs all kinds of creatures --- without ________(vary), our planet cannot survive.
5.Chinese architects are getting international______ (recognize)．
6.Athens, the capital city of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western________(civil).
7.It's healthier to release _______ (frustrate) than to bottle it up.
8.No one shall enter the room without__________(permit) .
9.Hunger and________(poor) are still main causes for a large number of deaths in modern society.
10.Nothing can ever take the place of real love and family (together).
11.The building took the country’s best__________(artist) about ten years to make.
12.A furnished room or house is available to be rented together with all sorts of__________(furnish) in it.
13.When a small amount of blood is taken out from a donor, the body will make quick _____________(adjust) to it.
14.Now I am writing to apply for a position working as a teaching ______________ (assist).
15.I have to make a __________(complain) about the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant.
16.“The ________(major)of my patients come to me from out of town,” said the doctor.
17.To my parents’ _________(satisfy), he got the highest marks in the exam.
18.He adapted effortlessly to his new _______________ (surround).
19.Elizabeth has no ______(intend) of getting married before thirty.
20.He reasoned out several _______(solution) to the problem.
二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Who are better at science in your class, girls or boys These years, girls start to show more interest in the ①__________(subject) of science, technology, engineering and maths(STEM) , according to a study from the UK.
In the study, every year over the last seven years, over 20,000 students ②__________ were in their final year in high school were surveyed. As for university courses, ③__________ number of girls considering choosing STEM subjects has a ④__________ (big) increase than that of boys. Over one-fifth of the girls surveyed said they were considering jobs ⑤__________ (relate) to STEM, such as engineers. And the interest in engineering and science has also risen.
This is an important change for women in the UK. But at present, there are not nearly as many women ⑥__________ men studying STEM subjects or working in the STEM fields. Only 13% 22% of people who graduate ⑦__________ university with STEM degrees are women. And women are seen only in one-eighth of STEM jobs.
Are men really more suited to STEM work that women Of course not. This is ⑧__________ (part) because of the conventional idea, which means many people think so, even though it is not correct.
"It is important that young women should ⑨__________ (encourage) to get into these jobs. In fact, STEM subjects are fun and exciting. Studying science can do ⑩__________ (we) good. It offers women chances of taking up fantastic careers and they will get higher pay in these areas,” said Nikki Yates, manager of GSK's business.
三、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Like many other students, you may have various people, ①________(include) family members and friends, giving input on your college decision.
While many of your trusted relatives and peers (同龄人) may have very ②________ (value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone. Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and ③________ (satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind.
Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy ④________ (let) a particular school become a front-runner early on ⑤________ your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice — but be sure to carefully evaluate every school ⑥________ has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.
Do keep ⑦________ open mind. Students can change majors, but remember that there's no reliving a certain semester(学期), and there's no making up for lost time. Don't go to a school ⑧________ (specific) for a high school relationship ⑨________ to make someone else happy. A ⑩________ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：creativity
解析： 考查名词。句意：我们需要认识到问题不在于缺少创造性。结合句意可知，lack of缺少，缺乏，后跟名词作宾语，creativity"创造性"，抽象概念，不可数。故填creativity。
2.答案：description
解析： 考查名词。句意：她无法向警方描述袭击者的模样，因为她不记得自己身上发生了什么事。根据句意和空前的冠词a可知，空处填名词，“描述”的名词为description.。故填description。
3.答案：existence
解析： 句意：没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。come into existence出现；存在；产生，是固定搭配。故填：existence.
4.答案：variety
解析： 考查名词。句意：世界需要各种各样的生物一没有多样性，我们的星球就无法生存。根据空格前的介词without可知，此处应用vary的名词形式variety“多样性”，为不可数名词，作介词宾语。故答案为：variety。
5.答案：recognition
解析： 本题主要考查名词。结合句意，中国建筑师正在获得国际认可。填空处位于形容词international 之后，故应填recognize的名词形式recognition，意为“认可”。故正确答案为recognition。
6.答案：civilization
解析： 考查名词。句意：雅典是希腊的首都，以西方文明的发源地而闻名。形容词修饰名词，作介词of的宾语，故填civilization。
7.答案：frustration
解析： 句意：受挫折后发泄一通比强忍着对身体有益。release是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；frustration是可数名词，根据句中it要用单数形式。故填：frustration.
8.答案：permission
解析： 句意：未经允许，任何人不得进入这个房间。考查名词辨析。permission准许；许可。without为介词，后可接名词。结合句意，故填permission。
9.答案：poverty
解析： 考查名饲。句意：在现代社会，饥饿和贫穷仍然是造成大量死亡的主要原因。空处作主语，表示"贫穷"应填名词poverty，表抽象概念不可数。故填poverty。
10.答案：togetherness
解析： 考查名词。句意：没有什么能取代真爱和家庭团聚。短语take the place of，意为“代替，取代”，and为并列连词，所以其前后使用的词性应为同一类。本句中and前real love为名词短语，所以其后也要用名词，故填togetherness。
11.答案：artists
解析： 考查名词复数。句意：这座建筑花了这个国家最优秀的艺术家大约十年的时间才建成。artist是可数名词，此处指“这个国家最优秀的艺术家”，应不止一个，应用复数形式。故填artists。
12.答案：furniture
解析： 分析句子可知此处指"家具"，应用名词furniture, furniture是不可数名词，故填furniture.
13.答案：adjustments
解析： make adjustments to sth.调整以适应，是固定搭配。故填：adjustments.
14.答案：assistant
解析： 所给词assist为动词，设空前有a teaching修饰，根据句意应填单数名词assistant，指"助理；助手"，a teaching assistant"教学助理；助教"，故填assistant。
15.答案：complaint
解析： 所给词complain是动词，设空前有不定冠词a修饰，应用名词complaint作动词make的宾语，make a complaint about"就……提出投诉"。故填complaint。
16.答案：majority
解析： 考查名词。the majority of"大多数"，固定短语，故填：majority.
17.答案：satisfaction
解析： to one's satisfaction令某人满意的是，是固定搭配。故填：satisfaction.
18.答案：surroundings
解析： 考查词性,作宾语,所以用名词surroundings"环境", surround为动词, surrounding为形容词,当作名词常用复数surroundings。
19.答案：intention
20.答案：solutions
二、
答案：1. subjects2. who/that3. the4.bigger5.related6. as7.from8. partly9.be encouraged10.us
解析： ①考查名词的数。句意：女孩们开始对科学、技术、工程和数学等学科表现出更多的兴趣。subject（学科）是可数名词，介词of之后列举了不同学科，所以用名词的复数形式。故填subjects。
②考查定语从句的引导词。students作先行词，同时引导词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
③考查冠词。根据本句谓语动词用了第三人称单数形式has可知，此处应填定冠词the, the number of（……的数目）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故填the。
④考查形容词比较级。根据后面连词than可知，此处用形容词比较级。故填bigger。
⑤考查词类转换。句意：超过五分之一的受访女孩表示，她们正在考虑与STEM相关的工作。所填单词作定语修饰前面名词jobs, relate是动词，含义是：把……联系起来，其形容词形式related表示与……相关的。故填related。
⑥考查连词。句意：目前，研究STEM学科或从事这一领域的女性人数不如男性多。as+adj./adv.+as 和……一样。故填as。
⑦考查介词。graduate from university）从大学毕业。故填from。
⑧考查副词。此处修饰介词短语，用副词partly。故填partly。
⑨考查动词语态。encourage（鼓舞、鼓励）是及物动词。主语young women与谓语动词encourage，之间为被动关系，结合情态动词should之后接动词原形，故填be encouraged。
⑩考查代词。do sb. good对某人有好处。此处代词作宾语，用宾格。故填us。
三、
答案：including; valuable; satisfied; to let; in/during; that; an; specifically; or; student's
解析： 本文主要介绍了如何选择自己心仪的大学。
①考查介词。由语境可知,空处表示"包括……在内",应填介词including。
②考查形容词。空处修饰advice,应用形容词,由语境可知此处应填valuable,表示"宝贵的"。
③考查形容词。此处考查"make +宾语+宾补"结构,因宾语是you,应用形容词satisfied和happy并列。
④考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此处考查句型"It + be + adj.+to do sth.",其中It是形式主语,不定式作真正的主语,故填to let。
⑤考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表示"在你的决策过程中",因此要用in/during。
⑥考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,指代先行词school,并在从句中作主语,因先行词被every修饰,所以用关系代词that。
⑦考查冠词。keep an open mind"保持开放的心态",故填an。
⑧考查副词。空处表示"特意,专门地",故填specifically。
⑨考查连词。此处表示选择,意为"或者",故填or。
⑩考查名词所有格。空处修饰college experience,因此要用所有格形式student's,意为"一个学生的大学经历"。