2022年外研版中考英语二轮复习第二节 名词课件(共73张PPT)

(共73张PPT)
第一部分 基于语义的语法知识篇
第二节 名词
目录
01
考点思维导图
02
中考考点回顾
03
考点精讲精练
04
全国真题演练
05
语篇考点专练
考点思维导图
中考考点回顾
年份 题型及考点 解析
2017 单项填空 29. Daniel has tried to lose _____ by eating less recently，but two kilos has been put on instead. A. weight B. weights C. height D. heights 考查可数名词与不可数名词的辨析。weight表示“重量”时为不可数名词。故选A。
完形填空 He filled the feeder with seeds (种子)，put it in his backyard and then _46_ started coming. A. bees B. birds C. people D. scientists 通过语境考查名词birds（鸟）。故选B。
年份 题型及考点 解析
2017 完形填空 He does _49_ about birds，runs a website to teach people about birds and how to help them … A. practice B. business C. instruction D. research 通过语境考查名词research（研究）。故选D。
短文填空 They have to make many _77_.
考查复数可数名词。根据上下文可知“他们需要做出许多改变”。故填changes。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2017 短文填空 For example，the two brothers have to go to the school _78_ to borrow books for their scientific projects … 考查单数可数名词。由下文的borrow books可推断出答案。故填library。
短文填空 … they can spend more time taking over meals， playing sports and doing all _80_ of activities together.
考查名词的搭配all kinds of（各种各样的）。故填kinds。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2018 单项填空 32. The three _____ upstairs are too small to have enough _____ for a double bed. A. room, room B. room, rooms C. rooms, room D. rooms, rooms 考查既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的单词。room表示“房间”时为可数名词，room表示“空间”时为不可数名词。故选C。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2018 完形填空 … he decided to send him to see a wise old man for his advice on happiness. When the old man learnt about his _46_ … A. research B. promise C. purpose D. experience 通过语境考查名词purpose（目的）。故选C。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2018 完形填空 “Enjoy the beauty of the world，but never forget the water in your bowl. This is the _55_ of happiness.” A. result B. cause C. secret D. decision 通过语境考查名词secret（秘诀）。故选C。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2019 完形填空 “We always do what you want to do，Cindy. It’s my turn to make a _47_, ”Anna said. A. promise B. project C. decision D. dialogue 通过语境考查名词decision（决定）。故选C。
完形填空 When it was time for lunch，Cindy finally told Mrs. Stone the _53_. A. chance B. method C. truth D. rule 通过语境考查名词truth（真相）。故选C。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2019 短文填空 In the village，there were many paintings of _75_，such as cats and birds. 考查复数可数名词。由下文的cats and birds可推断出答案。故填animals。
短文填空 From them，Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy _79_. 考查名词的搭配live a happy life（过着幸福的生活）。故填life。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2020 完形填空 In the next few weeks，Mr.Smith’ s interest in his _46_ kept growing. He bought new eyes, new hands and new feet. A. shape B. age C. life D. look 通过语境考查名词look（外貌）。故选D。
完形填空 However，the _48_ in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble. A. smile B. change C. color D. kiss 通过语境考查名词change（改变）。故选B。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2020 完形填空 In the end, he decided to have his old body back! To his surprise, Mrs.Smith was unhappy with his _50_ … A. interest B. condition C. decision D. situation 通过语境考查名词decision（决定）。故选C。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2020 短文填空 They wanted to raise _70_ to help their friends. 考查不可数名词。raise money意为“筹钱”。故填money。
短文填空 Then she came up with an _71_. 考查单数可数名词。由上下文可知“她想出了一个主意”。故填idea。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2021 语法选择 People could enjoy the scenery (风景) and watch _36_ there. A. bird B. birds C. bird’s D. birds’ 考查名词复数形式。此处作宾语，并且前面无冠词。故选B。
完形填空 What are Sam’ s _44_ For one，he wrote, “My sister says I act like an alien (外星人).” A. dreams B. problems C. discoveries D. advantages 通过语境考查名词advantages（优点）。故选D。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2021 完形填空 Sam also said he had watched almost all the _45_ movies he could find. A. war B. road C. space D. sports 通过语境考查名词space（太空）。故选C。
完形填空 Sam soon got a _46_ from Bill Black，director of the agency. “We have received your letter …” A. job B. test C. reply D. ticket 通过语境考查名词reply（回复）。故选C。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2021 短文填空 Lao Pan’ s new book includes his forty-seven _73_ to his family back in America. The letters show … 考查复数可数名词。此处是对下文letters的复现。故填letters。
续表
考点精讲精练
考点1
可数名词及其单复数
1. 可数名词单数变复数的变化规则
规则 举例
(1)一般情况下，直接在名词后加-s desk→desks， chair→chairs， book→books， ruler→rulers
(2)以s， x， sh， ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es bus→buses， box→boxes， brush→brushes， watch→watches
续表
规则 举例
(3)以 “辅音字母＋y” 结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es baby→babies， story→stories， city→cities， country→countries
(4)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加-es leaf→leaves， knife→knives， thief→thieves， wolf→wolves
(5)以o结尾的名词变复数时，一般表示无生命含义的词加-s，表示有生命含义的词加-es radio→radios， photo→photos， piano→pianos， kilo→kilos; potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes， hero→heroes
续表
规则 举例
(6)不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母（a→e, oo→ee） ②单复数形式相同 ③其他形式 man→men， woman→women， tooth→teeth， foot→feet;
deer→deer， sheep→sheep;
mouse→mice， child→children， ox→oxen
2. 表示某国人或民族的单复数变化
口诀：“中日不变英法变，其他-s加后面”
“中日不变” Chinese→Chinese， Japanese→Japanese
“英法变a为e” Englishman→Englishmen， Frenchman→Frenchmen
“其他-s加后面” German→Germans， American→Americans， Australian→Australians， Canadian→Canadians， Indian→Indians
3. 集体名词：既可表示若干个体组成的集合体，也可表示集合体中的若干个体
集体名词如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示个体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：family， class， team， group， army。
例 My family is a big one in the village. 在村子里，我的家庭是一个大家族。
My family are busy doing their own things. 我的家人在忙于做自己的事情。
4. 一般以复数形式出现的名词
常见的这类名词有：people， police， trousers， socks， clothes， glasses， gloves， pants， shorts。
例 She wears a pair of glasses. 她戴着一副眼镜。
5. 以-s结尾却表示单数或不可数的名词
常见的这类名词有：news， politics， physics， maths。
例 Physics is one of my favorite subjects. 物理是我最喜欢的科目之一。
6. 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词的单词
单词 可数 不可数
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
room 房间 空间
fish 鱼 鱼肉
time 次；倍 时间
exercise 习题 锻炼
单词 可数 不可数
paper 报纸；试卷 纸
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
orange 橙子 橙汁
work 著作；作品 工作
experience 经历 经验
例 We can use these oranges to make orange. 我们可以用这些橙子制作橙汁。
【注意】fish表示鱼的种类时，为可数名词，复数形式为fishes；表示鱼的条数时，单复数同形，均为fish；表示鱼肉时，为不可数名词。
7. 两个名词组成的名词词组(合成名词)的复数变化
(1)一般情况下把最后一个单词变为复数。
例 a girl student→two girl students， an apple tree→three apple trees
(2)当前面一个单词是man或woman时，前后两个名词都要变为复数。
例 a man teacher→two men teachers， a woman nurse→two women nurses
（3）当前面一个单词是“体育”时，只能用sports。
例 a sports cap→three sports caps
8. 单数可数名词前一般用a， an, one修饰；复数可数名词前一般用many, few, a few, some, a lot of或数词等修饰
例 There is an apple, a banana and some oranges on the table. 桌子上有一个苹果、一根香蕉和一些橙子。
( )1. There was a food accident in this school. About 60 _____ were ill, but luckily no _____ were lost.
A. child; lives B. children; life
C. children; lives D. child; life
( )2. —How many _____ can you see in the picture —Two.
A. dog B. child C. chicken D. sheep
C
D
( )3. I love the _____ very much. My hands feel much warmer after I wear them.
A. glove B. gloves C. glass D. glasses
( )4. These _____ volunteers were nice and hard-working. They comforted and helped the flood victims.
A. woman B. women C. woman’s D. women’s
B
B
( )5. There are many _____ on the trees. Let’s pick some and make them into _____. I like to drink it.
A. oranges; orange B. orange; oranges
C. orange; orange D. oranges; oranges
A
考点2
不可数名词
1. 不可数名词通常没有复数形式，不可数名词前不能用a， an或数词修饰，但可用much, little, a little, some, a lot of等修饰
常见的这类名词有：music, fun, news, information, advice, weather, homework, work, air, money, traffic, progress。
例 I had a quarrel with my good friend yesterday. Can you give me some advice？昨天我和我的好朋友吵架了。你可以给我一些建议吗？
【注意】有些表示数量的词或短语既可修饰复数可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，如all, some, any, enough, a lot of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of等。
2. 不可数名词的量的表示：可借助量词来表示一定的数量，即“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”
例 a piece of news 一则新闻, two pieces of music 两首音乐，three cups of tea 三杯茶,four bottles of water 四瓶水，five pieces of advice 五条建议
( )1. My good friend Linda gave me much _____ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.
A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem
( )2. Susan didn’t sleep well last night because of the _____ from the factory.
A. voice B. noise C. music D. song
A
B
( )3. I had a piece of pork, vegetables and _____ for dinner on Monday.
A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice
( )4. —How much are they
— 10 for _____.
A. four bottle milks B. four bottles of milk
C. four bottles of milks D. four milk
A
B
( )5. When he was a little boy, he made up his mind to make a lot of _____ and help others.
A. money B. moneys C. moneies D. money’s
A
专有名词是表示具体的人、地点、日子或事物的专有名称。其特点是：第一个字母大写；一般无复数形式。专有名词大致有以下几种：
1. 人名、地名、国家名、某国人、语言
例 Tom 汤姆，London 伦敦， China中国，American美国人，French 法语
2. 组织、机构、报刊
例 the United Nations 联合国，Peking University 北京大学，China Daily 《中国日报》
考点3
专有名词
3. 星期、月份、节日
例 Monday 星期一，December 十二月，National Day 国庆节
【注意】以Day结尾的节日以及一些西方传统节日前一般不加冠词the；以Festival结尾的中国传统节日前需加the。
例 Mother’s Day 母亲节，New Year’s Day 元旦节，the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
( )1. —Michael, how much do you know about _____
—People usually eat mooncakes and admire the moon.
A. the Dragon Boat Festival B. the Spring Festival
C. the Mid-Autumn Festival D. the Lantern Festival
( )2. _____ is the first month of a year.
A. January B. December
C. September D. October
C
A
( )3. —Helen, do you know which is the largest country in the world
—_____.
A. Russia B. China C. America D. France
( )4. _____ is on October 1st. We all celebrate it on that day.
A. Women’s Day B. National Day
C. The Double Ninth Festival D. Tree Planting Day
A
B
( )5. China is located in _____ and France belongs to _____.
A. Asia; Europe B. Africa; Europe
C. Europe; Africa D. Asia; Australia
A
1. -’s结构表示所有格的用法
考点4
名词所有格
用法 举例
(1)有生命的名词所有格一般直接在词尾加-’s father’s shoes 爸爸的鞋子，men’s rooms 男厕所
(2)以s结尾的名词只需加-’ teachers’ office 教师办公室， students’ reading room 学生的阅读室
(3)表示共同所有的名词所有格，只需在最后一个单词后加-’s；表示分别所有的名词所有格，则需在每个名词后加-’s Lily and Lucy’s room 莉莉和露西共有的一间房
Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms 莉莉和露西各自的房间
续表
用法 举例
(4)表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等的名词所有格用-’s或者-s’ nine days’holiday 9天的假期，
twenty minutes’ walk 步行20分钟的路程，ten miles’ journey 10英里的旅程，
two pounds’ weight 2磅的重量，
fifteen dollars’ worth 15美元的价值，
the world’s population 世界的人口， China’s industry 中国工业
续表
用法 举例
(5)表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后的名词可以省略 at Li Lei’s 在李雷家，at the doctor’s 在医生的诊所里
2. of结构表示所有格的用法
无生命的名词所有格一般用of结构来表达。
例 a map of China 一张中国地图，the end of this term 本学期末，the capital of our country 我们国家的首都，the foot of the hill 山脚
3. 双重所有格
(1）of+名词所有格。 例 a picture of Tom’s 汤姆的一张图片
(2）of+名词性物主代词。 例 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
4. 个别用to表示所有格
例 the key to the door 门的钥匙，the answer to the question 问题的答案，the way to the school 去学校的路，the ticket to the concert 演唱会的门票
( )1. This is not my dictionary. It’s _____. She lent it to me this morning.
A. my sister B. my sisters
C. my sister’s D. my sisters’
( )2. I don’t think looking after children is just _____ work.
A. woman B. woman’s
C. women D. women’s
C
D
( )3. —How far is it from the supermarket to the hotel
—It’s about _____ walk.
A. ten minute’s B. ten-minutes
C. ten minutes’ D. ten minutes
( )4. _____ fathers can’t go to the class meeting because they have been away on business.
A. Jack and Mike’s B. Jack’s and Mike’s
C. Jack and Mike D. Jack’s and Mike
C
B
( )5. My sister is a primary school student. Mr. Black is a teacher of _____. She and her classmates like him very much.
A. she B. her C. she’s D. hers
编者按 更多名词辨析及短语归纳可见于《中考高频词汇突破》，并建议结合《早读本》进行记忆
D
全国真题演练
( )1. Yuan Longping was a world-famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice ____ has been increased greatly. (2021南京)
A．population B．contribution
C．production D．introduction
( )2. Yuan Longping and his team have solved the problem of _____ for many people. （2021盐城）
A．hunger B．health C．pollution D．population
C
A
( )3. The idiom(成语) “Mengzi’s mother makes three moves” tells of a mother who did all she could to provide the best _____ for her child. （2021武汉）
A．experience B．instruction
C．environment D．information
( )4. His beautiful music has brought _____ to people all over the world. （2021天津）
A．difficulty B．pleasure C．weather D．danger
C
B
( )5. If you want to be a doctor like Zhong Nanshan, hard work is the key to _____.（2021达州）
A．treasure B．beauty C．success D．health
( )6. Uncle Li has a farm. There are some _____ on the farm. （2021百色）
A. chicken and sheep B. chickens and sheeps
C. chickens and sheep D. chicken and sheep
C
C
( )7. —Can I help you？
—Please give me _____ about the trains to Daqing.（2021大庆）
A． a few informations B． a little informations
C． a little information D． a few information
( )8. There are many _____ teachers in this primary school.（2021重庆）
A． woman B． woman’s C． women D． women’s
C
C
( )9. If the weather is nice， we could have a（n）_____ in the park.（2021武威）
A． picnic B． chance C． place D． idea
( )10. A _____ might separate our flats and masks can separate the viruses, but nothing is able to separate our hearts. （2021深圳）
A. room B. wall C. yard D. garden
A
B
一、语法选择
I was always busy and had too many things to do. Whenever my daughter caused me to change my plans, I thought to myself, “We don’t have time for this.” So the two ___1___ I always said to her were: Hurry up.
语篇考点专练
words
The other day, we rode to a supermarket near our home. After shopping, I bought her _2_. Then she sat down at a _3_ and enjoyed it happily. Suddenly, a worried _4_ appeared on her face. “Do I have to eat it up in a hurry, Mom？”
I nearly cried after hearing this—my poor girl was influenced so deeply by the pains of a hurried _5_！ As she looked at me, waiting to know if she could take her time, I knew I had to make a _6_.
an ice-cream
table
look
life
choice
“You don’t have to hurry. Just enjoy it,” I said gently. My _7_ whole face brightened. We sat side by side and talked about many interesting _8_．
When she got to the last bite, she held it out to me. “I saved the last bite for you, Mom，” she said cheerfully. At that time, I realized I just learned an unforgettable _9_ of a lifetime. I gave my child _10_，and in return, she gave me her last bite and reminded me that things taste sweeter and love is easier to get when you stop rushing through life.
daughter’s
things
lesson
a little time
( )1. A. word’s B. words’ C. word D. words
( )2. A. a ice-cream B. an ice-cream
C. ice-cream’s D. ice-creams
( )3. A. table B. tables C. table’s D. tables’
( )4. A. looking B. looks C. look D. looked
( )5. A. life B. lifes C. live D. lives
D
B
A
C
A
( )6. A. choice B. choices C. choose D. chooses
( )7. A. daughter B. daughters
C. daughter’s D. daughters’
( )8. A. thing B. things C. thing’s D. things’
( )9. A. lesson’s B. lessons’ C. lesson D. lessons
( )10. A. a little time B. a few time
C. a little times D. a few times
A
C
B
C
A
二、完形填空
Yesterday at the Minnesota Fashion Week, the 15-year-old designer（设计者）Rachel amazed the fashion world when she showed her clothes for the first _1_. Everyone agreed that they looked fantastic.
Rachel taught herself to make _2_ when she was just 7. “I didn’t like my own clothes and wanted to make _3_, so I usually
time
clothes
changes
added things like pockets or ties. My mom used to get a bit worried about all the scissors and pins lying around,” laughed Rachel. Then one year, she decided to have a summer _4_ at a fashion and design school, where she learned many _5_ from her teacher Joan. When Rachel was 12, Joan invited a few _6_ to join her at the famous Toronto Fashion Week. “I loved it,” said Rachel. “It was just amazing and I knew that I wanted to be there.”
course
skills
teenagers
At the Minnesota Fashion Week, Rachel looked especially beautiful in her smart jacket with a decoration（装饰）of a small blue butterfly on it. People at the event were admiring her skills and _7_. “I did all my work on the clothes after _8_, because I always had a busy timetable at school and much _9_ as well in the daytime. But it was worth it,” Rachel said proudly.
designs
dinner
homework
Rachel sold all of her works and gave away the _10_ to a local children’s hospital. “I know that the hospital needs it to make the children’s stay as comfortable as possible,” she said.
money
( )1. A. sight B. time C. look D. plan
( )2. A. handbags B. hats C. clothes D. shoes
( )3. A. changes B. researches C. notes D. money
( )4. A. course B. vacation C. sport D. travel
( )5. A. ways B. skills
C. messages D. hobbies
B
C
A
A
B
( )6. A. teachers B. adults C. teenagers D. parents
( )7. A. designs B. rewards
C. secrets D. inventions
( )8. A. breakfast B. lunch C. tea D. dinner
( )9. A. homework B. housework
C. information D. cleaning
( )10. A. jacket B. decoration
C. money D. butterfly
C
A
D
A
C
三、短文填空
A young man went for a job _1_. The employer (雇主) asked the young man who paid for his _2_. The young man said his _3_ washed clothes to make _4_ which he spent on his education.
The employer looked at the young _5_ hands and asked, “Have you ever helped your parents wash _6_ ”
interview
education
parents
money
man’s
clothes
“No. My parents always make me study. Besides, they wash clothes faster than I do.”
The employer asked the young man to go back home and wash his parents’ _7_. When he got _8_, he told his parents that he wanted to wash their hands. His parents felt surprised but happy. Then the young man began to wash their hands.
hands
home
He was in tears. He found his parents’ hands were rough (粗糙的) and pale because of washing lots of clothes in cold _9_. There are also many injuries (伤口) in their hands. After washing his parents’ hands, the young man washed all the remaining clothes.
water
The next morning, the young man went to the employer’s _10_. The employer saw the young man’s pale hands. He told the young man that he was employed. Suddenly, the young man felt that he had grown up.
office / company
1. _____________ 2. ______________
3. _____________ 4. ______________
5. _____________ 6. ______________
7. _____________ 8. ______________
9. _____________ 10. _____________
interview
education
parents
money
man’s
clothes
hands
home
water
office / company
谢 谢!