初中英语语法复习：数词（含练习与答案）

第四章 数词
看一看：读读这幅图，注意数字的表达哦。
one cake 一个蛋糕
one bottle of drink 一瓶饮料；
four glasses 四个杯子；
seven apples 七个苹果；
eight o’clock八点钟；
The boy’s seventh birthday 这个男孩子的七岁生日；
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
第一节 基数词
学一学：表示数量多少的词是基数词，如：one, two, three等。构成方法如下：
1）从1－12分别由从one到twelve 12个各不相同的词表示。
2）从13－19均以后缀-teen结尾。
3）从20－90的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示“几十几”时，个位和十位之间需加连字符，如twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three等。
4）数字的写法和读法：
⑴十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”；45 ：forty-five
⑵百位和十位之间要加and；如345：　three hundred and forty-five；
⑶三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数加一个逗号“，”，从后往前数的第一个逗
号代表thousand,第二个逗号代表million,第三个逗号是billion，注意这几个词不能用复
数形式，后也不能加and。如；9，123，456，789：nine billion, one hundred and twenty-three million, four hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and eighty-nine
5）表示具体、准确的数目时，hundred, thousand, million等数词后不能加-s, 如five hundred, six thousand, seven million等。6）当hundred, thousand等数词与of连用，表示不具体、不准确的数目时，词尾须加-s。如： thousands of students, millions of trees.
练一练：写出下列数字的读法。相信你一定能够写对，加油哦！
206______________ 460_____________683 __________ 999______________
6, 863____________________________45, 256_______________________________
365, 261_______________________________________________________________
50, 331, 250 ___________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
206 two hundred and six 460 four hundred and sixty
683 six hundred and eighty-three 999 nine hundred and ninety-nine
6, 863 six thousand, eight hundred and sixty-three
45, 256 forty-five thousand, two hundred and fifty-six
365, 261 three hundred and sixty-five thousand, two hundred and sixty-one
50,331, 251 fifty million, three hundred and thirty-one thousand, two hundred and fifty-one.
第二节 序数词
看一看：观察下面表格，总结一下基数词是如何变为序数词的。相信你能行！
数字
基数词
序数词
数字
基数词
序数词
1
one
First
14
fourteen
fourteenth
2
two
second
15
fifteen
fifteenth
3
three
third
16
sixteen
sixteenth
4
four
fourth
20
twenty
twentieth
5
five
fifth
30
Thirty
thirtieth
6
six
sixth
40
forty
Fortiet
7
seven
seventh
50
fifty
fiftieth
8
eight
eighth
60
sixty
sixtieth
9
nine
ninth
70
seventy
seventieth
10
ten
tenth
80
eighty
eightieth
12
twelve
twelfth
90
ninety
ninetieth
13
thirteen
thirteenth
100
hundred
hundredth
学一学：1. 基数词变序数词的规律：
1）. 一般在基数词后加-th
2）. 以-ty结尾的表示“几十”的基数词，先把y变为i，再加-eth
3）. 表示“第几十几”时，十位数的“几十”仍用基数词，只把个位部分变成序数词就行了。
4）.　不规则变化如： first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, etc.
2. 序数词的缩写形式：
first---1st　second---2nd　thirty-first---31st
练一练：到你表现自我的时候了，你能行的，加油！
I写出下列词的序数词形式。
1. one ________ 2.two __________ 3. six _______ 4.five ____________
5. nine______ 6.twelve__________ 7.eight_______ 8.twenty-one __________
II写出下列单词的基数词形式。
1.third _______ 2.fourth _______ 3.tenth_______ 4.twentieth______
5.nineteenth _______ 6.thirty-first________7.seventy-seventh_______
参考答案：I. 1. first 2. second 3. sixth 4. fifth 5. ninth 6. twelfth 7. eighth 8. twenty-first
II. three 2. four 3. ten 4. twenty 5.nineteen 6. thirty-one 7. seventy-seven

第三节 数字的表达法及其读法
学一学：让我们把数字的各种表达法好好的学一下吧！
（1）年份、年代、时期表达法
年份要用基数词，每两位一读。如：1990's读作nineteen nineties（20世纪90年代）；in one's twenties（fifties，seventies．．．）（在某人20多岁时，50，70……）；1978（nineteen seventy-eight）。例如：
A UN report says that the world population passed six billion by the end of the twentieth century．
（2）日期表达法
日期要用月份加（日期的）序数词表示，有两种读法，如六月二十日，June 20（应读作June the twentieth或the twentieth of June）。
（3）时刻表达法
①时刻用基数词表示，“几点整”用“基数词＋（o'clock）”，如6：00，six（o'clock）。例如：—What time is it，please？—It's five o'clock．
②“几点半”，用“half past．．．”或“．．．thirty”表示，如7：30，half past seven或seven thirty。例如：Sara said we would meet at one thirty in front of the museum．
Peter often gets up at six thirty（half past six）．
③“几点过几分（不到半小时）”，用“．．．（分钟）past．．．（小时）”或“．．．（小时）．．．（分钟）”表示，如，8：05，要用five past eight或eight five表示。例如：—What's the English for 6：10？—It's six ten．
④“几点差几分（不到半小时）”，用“……（分钟）to……（小时）”表示，如，8：50，ten to nine；如果是15分或45分，则用quarter来表示，如8：15可用a quarter past eight，8：45则用a quarter to nine等。例如：—The American film“TITANIC”will begin at two this afternoon．Shall we meet at two to two at the cinema gate？
—OK．Let's make it a little earlier．
（4）分数表达法
在分数词中，表示分子时使用基数词，表示分母时用序数词，除分子是“1”的情况外，表示分母的序数词都用复数形式。如六分之一（one-sixth）；四分之三（three-fourths）。例如：They account for one-sixth of the population．
（5）数字运算表达法
1＋2＝3 读作 One plus（and）two is three
8-2＝6 读作 Eight minus two is six．
5×6＝30 读作 Five times six is thirty
8÷4＝2 读作 Eight divided by four is two．
3＞2 读作 Three is more than two．
2＜3 读作 Two is less than three．
英语中表示“几加几是多少？”时，用“What／How much ＋is ＋基数词＋and＋基数词？”。例如：How much is eleven and nine？It's twenty．
—What's six and five？
—It's eleven．
（6）编号的表示法
编号也要用基数词。简单的编号（一位数或两位数），一般用普通的基数词表示即可。例如：Grade Three；No．15（读作number fifteen）Middle School等。但较长的数字，就用简化的方法去读。如：Room 307（数字读作three o seven）；page 135（数字读作one three five），电话号码的读法也是这样。用于编号时，可以和基数词互换。例如： The second lesson is the most difficult in this book．也可以说成：Lesson Two is the most difficult in this book.
（7）“几个半”的表达法。英语中“几个半”的表达法有两种：“数词＋and a half ＋名词复数”和“数词＋名词复数＋and a half．如four days and a half／four and a half days．（四天半）。例如：Miss Gao will stay there for about three months and a half．
（8）用于表示次数。表示“一次”，“两次”的单词是once和twice；表示三次以上则用“基数词＋times”；表示“每隔多久一次”用“every＋基数词＋名词复数”。例如：The Olympic Games are held every four years．
练一练：学了数字的表达法，让我们训练一下吧，看看我们掌握的情况如何。加油！
1 The government of Chongqing is building_______ cheap and good houses for the people.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of
2.—Water covers most parts of the earth.
—Yes, about __________ of the earth.is covered with water
A. one fourth B. half C. three fourths
3. “I want my leg! I want to run! I want to jump! a _________ girl cried in the hospital in Libya(利比亚).
A. 5-year-old B. 5-years-olds C. 5 year old D. 5-year-old.
4. We are organizing a lot of activities to celebrate the _______ birthday of the Communist Party of China these months.
A. nineteen B. ninety C. nineteenth D. ninetieth
5. — Has Mary been back?
— Not yet. She will come back _____ the evening of June _____ .
A. at, first　 B. to, thirtieth　 C. on, the twelfth D. on, the nineteen
6. Last year, I visited a chemical factory in Baise, there are about _____ workers in it.
A. six thousands B. six thousand C. six thousands of D. six thousand of
7. About _______of the students in our class were born in the_
A. two-thirds, 1990s B. two-thirds, 1990 C. two-third, 1990s
8. —If a=4, b=5, what’s the answer to the question “ a + 2ab +1 =?”
— _______.
A. Forty-fifth B. Forty-five C. Twenty-three D. One hundred and twenty-one
II．用数词填空：
1. There are?_________________________ （365）days in a year． 2．Look！There are __________ （成千上万的） stars in the sky．3． ______________ （2／3）of the students are girls in our class． 4．September is the __________??month of the year．5．There are forty-six students in Class _______ （三班）．6．December is the??_________ and last month of the year． 7． There are??_________ students in our class， twenty boys and twenty girls．
8． Our teacher often tells us that work must come _____(第一)??． 9． At the beginning of the ___________ （twenty） century，the world's population was about 1， 700 million．
III. 翻译下列句子
1.现在是十二点一刻. ____________________________
2.第一个比第二个好. ____________________________________
3.五月二十一日是王平的生日. ____________________________
4. 麦克收集了五百多张中国邮票.
_________________________________________________
5. 这座桥有二百米长. ___________________________________
6. 数以百计的人在等车.
_____________________________________________
7. 这所学校五分之三的教师是青年教师.
_______________________________________________________
8. 从我家走路到滨湖公园只有五分钟路程.
___________________________________________________
参考答案：I.1~5DCADC 6~8BAB
II. 1.three hundred and sixty-five 2. thousands of 3. Two thirds 4. ninth5. Three 6.twelfth 7. forty 8. first 9. twentieth
III. 1. It’s a quarter past twelve now.
2. The first one is better than the second one.
3. May 21st is WangPing’s birthday.
4. Mike has collected more than five hundred stamps.
5. This bridge is two hundred meters long.
6. There are hundreds of people waiting for the bus.
7. Three fifths of the teachers in this school are young teachers.
8.It’s only five minutes’ walk from my home to Binghu Park.