2022年英语中考语法复习之定语从句

定 语 从 句
一、定语从句的语法意义
定语从句 的 语法意义 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词(其作用一是放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用；二是代替先行词在从句中充当一定的句子成分；三是重复先行词的意义)。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词when, where, why等。
二、由关系词引导的定语从句
先行词 先行词在从句中的成分 关系代词或关系副词
人 主语 who / that
人 宾语 who / whom / that
物 主语 which / that
物 宾语 which / that
人 / 物 定语 whose
时间 时间状语 when = at/ in / on+which
地点 地点状语 where = 介词at / in+which
原因 原因状语 Why = for + which
注意：
1. 关系代词在定语从句作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
I like people who are honest with me.
2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时，常可省略。但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可
以用that和who。　
The woman whom/who/that you talked about is here now.
The woman about whom you talked is here now. him.
I will never forget the day on which I first met.
whose引定语导从句时作定语修饰名词，所以whose的后面一定有名词。它可以修饰人，
相当于of whom，也可以修饰物，相当于of which。例如：
The room whose window (=the window of which) is red is mine.
This is the scientist whose name (=the name of whom) is known all over the world.
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（不作要求）：　　
类别　　 语法意义及特征　　 例句　　
限制性定语从句　　 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，从句与主句的关系十分密切，没有逗号。　　 The accident happened at the time when I left.　　
非限制性定语从句　　　 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句关系不十分密切。从句和主句之间有逗号分开，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语不能省略。　　 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.　　
四、that与which, who, whom的用法区别。　　
情况　　 用法说明　　　　
which与that who(m)和that 可互换情况 ① 限制性定语从句中，先行词是物时，which和that两者可互换，没多大区别。 ② 限制性定语从句中，先行词是人时，作主语或宾语时，who和that可互换；作宾语时，whom和that可互换。但在“介词+whom”的结构中，不能用that代替whom。
只能用which, who, whom的情况　 ① 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指物只能用which引导定语从句，which也可以引导修饰整个主句的定语从句(代替前面的主句)；指人时若作主语，只能用who；作宾语时可以用who或whom。 如：He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. ② 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。如：like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
③ 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。如：Those who respect others are usually respected by others.　　
只 用 that 的 情 况　　 ① 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时； 如：He told me everything that he knows.
② 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时； 如：All the books that you offered has been given out.
③ 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时； 如：This is the best film that I have ever read.
④ 先行词既指人又指物时； 如：We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
⑤ 先行词被the only, the very修饰时； 如：He is the only man that I want to see.
⑥ 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时。 如：Who is the man that is making a speech 　　
练习
一、单项选择。
1. Can you find the pen _________ I wrote just now
A. that B. by which C. the one D. with which
2. Do you know the lady _________ came into the room
A. which B. who C. what D. where
3. That's the wallet _________ I lost the day before yesterday.
A. / B. who C. whom D. whose
4. All the books _________ written by him were sold.
A. which was B. that was C. which have D. that were
5. Have you read the novel _________ The Black Tulip
A. called B. is called C. calling D. which called
6. I'll never forget the days _________ I spent with you on the farm.
A. when B. where C. that D. who
7. This is the factory _________ we worked last year.
A. where B. which C. in where D. /
8. I have many books, some of _________ are on chemistry.
A. them B. that C. which D. those
9. The boy _________ parents died in an accident is now living with with his uncle.
A. which B. that C. whom D. whose
10. Can you lend me the novel _________ the other day
A. that you talked B. you talked about it
C. you talked about D. which you talked with
用给出的关系代词合并句子。
1. I bought some fruits in this store. The fruits were not fresh. (that作宾语)
______________________________________________________________.
2. These are the keys. I was looking for them. (which作宾语)
______________________________________________________________.
3. The man won the game at last. We supported him. (whom)
______________________________________________________________.
4. The elephant belongs to Peter’s uncle. Peter rode on the elephant. (which作宾语)
______________________________________________________________.
5. The girl is an actress. Her father is a world-famous actor. (whose)
______________________________________________________________.
选出能取代剧中划线部分的正确答案。
1. Do you still remember the date he told you
A. on which he told B. which he told
C. when he told D. where he told
2. The diamond in the box has been stolen.
A. that was in the box B. was in the box
C. which in the box D. in which the box
3. The boy he took with him is his son.
A. which he took B. which that he took
C. with whom he took D. who he took
4. I still remember the year in which I first came to China.
A. which B. that C. when D. Where
5. There is a white house in the forest, the door of which is red.
A. whose door B. that door C. the door whose D. which door
四、完成句子。
1. 我看过的最精彩的电影是《阿凡达》。
The most wonderful film _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ is Avatar.
2. 站在老师旁边的那个女孩是我妹妹。
The girl _________ _________ _________ next to the teachers _________ my sister.
3. 我们已经买齐了明天所需的一切。
We have bought everything _________ _________ _________ tomorrow.
4. 老年人经常喜欢谈起他们能记住的人和事。
The old often talk of the things and people _________ they can remember.
5. 这是你想买的手表吗？
_________ this the watch _________ you want to buy
【中考链接】
一、单项选择。
1. A: I enjoyed the performance very much.
B: Yes, it was really good. I think ________ boy in white was the best actor.
A: a B: an C: the D: /
2. I always tell my students _________ on the road because it’s really dangerous.
A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play
3. The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _________.
A. herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselves
4. Could you say it again I can’t understand __________ you are talking about.
A. how B. when C. what D. which
5. --- Must I finish my homework now
--- No, you ________. You can go home now.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
6. There is _________ news about this movie star in the newspaper. Where can I get some
A. many B. a few C. a lot D. little
7. I couldn’t do it ________ your great help. Thanks a lot!
A. with B. without C. for D. to
8. Thanks for your invitation, but I’m so sorry I can’t go. I need to ________ my baby at home.
A. take away B. take off C. take care of D. take out of
9. A: You look very nice in your new dress today.
B: Oh, really I _________ it when it was on sale.
A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy
10. ---I feel really tired.
---___________________
A. Lucky you! C. You’d better work harder.
C. Congratulation! D. Why not go and have a rest
二、阅读理解。
PRIVATE ENGLISH LESSONS
An experienced teacher is offering private lessons in English.
Please email me at the address below and tell me:
◆Your age
◆Reasons for learning English
◆Your level of English
◆Areas that you need to focus on – grammar, listening, speaking, reading, writing, etc.
Mrs. M.Daniels( daniels_m@)
From: Li_Hua@
To: daniels_m@
CC…:
Subject: English Lessons
Dear Mrs. Daniels,
I recently saw your advertisement on the university website offering private English lessons. I’m very interested in your private lessons and would like some more information.
I am a student at Aston College here in Hong Kong studying English, so my language level is already quite good.
However, I feel that I need to improve my listening and speaking skills. This is because I’m planning to study at London University in England next year and I think your lessons will help me to live and study abroad.
Could you send me some more information about the lessons offered, such as where and when they will be held and how much they cost Also, I would like to know whether you teach students in groups or one-on-one.
I would be glad to supply any further information you might need.
Regards,
Li Hua
1. Where did Li Hua see Mrs. Daniels’ advertisement
A. At London University B. In a newspaper
C. On the Internet D. On TV
2. Why did Li Hua write the email
A. To make friends with Mrs. Daniels
B. To apply to study at London University
C. To get more information about Mrs. Daniels’ lessons
D. To find out more information about Aston College
3. Which of the following information did Li Hua NOT mention in his email
A. His age B. His reasons for learning English
C. His language level D. The language skills he wants to focus on
4. Li Hua wants to take the lessons to improve his______.
A. listening and writing B. writing and speaking
C. listening and grammar D. listening and speaking
5. What can we learn about Li Hua from his email
A. He is now living in England.
B. He is a student in Hong Kong.
C. His level of English is very low.
D. He is studying at London University.