2022年外研版中考英语二轮复习第一节 冠词课件(共52张PPT)

(共52张PPT)
第一部分 基于语义的语法知识篇
第一节 冠词
目录
01
考点思维导图
02
中考考点回顾
03
考点精讲精练
04
全国真题演练
05
语篇考点专练
考点思维导图
中考考点回顾
年份 题型及考点 解析
2017 单项填空 26. I went to ______ supermarket to buy ______ birthday gift for my aunt yesterday. A. an, a B. a, a C. the, / D. /, the 考查不定冠词表示泛指和数量“一”，且辅音音素前用a。故选B。
短文填空 When the film group meet _72_ Smiths, they find that Mr.Smith, Mrs.Smith and their two sons … 考查定冠词“the+姓氏的复数形式”表示“一家人”。故填the。
年份 题型及考点 解析
2018 单项填空 31. ______ new study says that going to ______ bed late is harmful to our health. A. /, / B. A, / C. A, the D. The, the 考查不定冠词表示第一次提到的人或物以及零冠词的搭配go to bed（去睡觉）。故选B。
短文填空 … with the attitude（态度）of “one brick more”, both Will and Harry rebuilt the wall in _77_ period of six months.
考查不定冠词的搭配a period of（一段……时期）。故填a。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2019 单项填空 31. ______ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world. A. The B. A C. An D. / 考查定冠词“the+由普通名词构成的专有名词”。故选A。
短文填空 On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted _78_ lot of well-known Chinese sayings.
考查不定冠词的搭配a lot of（许多）。故填a。
续表
年份 题型及考点 解析
2020 语法选择 Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite … The next morning, they took _38_ kite to the park … A. a B. an C. the D. /
考查定冠词指代上文出现过的人或物。故选C。
2021 语法选择 Along the river, there’s _35_ eight-kilometer-long wooden walkway. A. / B. a C. an D. the 考查不定冠词表示数量“一”，且在元音音素前用an。故选C。
续表
考点精讲精练
考点1
不定冠词a, an的用法
1. 泛指某一类人或物
例 A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
2. 第一次提到的人或物
例 I see a boy over there. Is he your brother 我看到一个男孩在那边。他是你的弟弟吗？
3. 表示数量“一”
例 I bought a watch and two pens for my father on Father’s Day. 父亲节那天我给我爸爸买了一块手表和两支钢笔。
4. 表示“每一”的意思，相当于every, one
例 We study eight hours a day. 我们一天学习8个小时。
5. 用在序数词前面，表示“又一；再一”
例 Though he failed twice, he wanted to try a third time. 虽然他失败了两次，但他还想再试第三次。
6. a与an的区别
a用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前。 例 a book, a desk，a one-year-old baby
an用于以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。 例 an apple, an old man
【注意】(1)以u开头的单词发音有两种：当u发 音时，前面用a；发 音时，前面用an。
例 a unit, a uniform, an umbrella, an unusual day
(2)首字母不发音的单词。
例 an hour, an honest man
(3)单独字母前的a和an的选用请记住一句话“Mr.Li has one fox.”,这句话里包含的字母前面要用an。
例 There is an “h” and a “d” in the word “hold”. 单词“hold”里有一个“h”和一个“d”。
7. 在某些固定搭配中用不定冠词
例 a lot of 许多， a few/little/bit 一点儿， have a good time 玩得开心，have a cold/fever 感冒/发烧，have a look/rest/walk/talk 看一看/休息/散步/聊天，in a hurry 匆忙
( )1. Paper is ______ useful invention. It was invented around 2,000 years ago by Cai Lun.
A.a B. an C. the D. /
( )2. Zhang Guimei is ______ unusual teacher. She set up the first free girls’ high school in 2008.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
A
B
( )3. —I downloaded ______app called Forest just now. Do you know it
—Yes. It can help people stay focused and work better.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )4. —What did you do in the afternoon
—First I finished my homework and then I played soccer for half ______ hour.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
B
B
( )5. There is ______ 800-meter-long bridge over the river and ______ bridge is helpful to people.
A. a; an B. an; a C. the; a D. an; the
D
考点2
定冠词the的用法
1. 指代上文出现过的人或物
例 He is going to buy a useful book. And the book is on science. 他打算买一本有用的书。而且这本书是关于科学的。
2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物
例 Could you please open the door for me？ 你可以帮我把门打开吗？
3. 用在世界上独一无二的事物、江河湖海山脉以及由普通名词构成的专有名词前
例 the earth 地球，the Yellow River 黄河，the Great Wall 长城
4. 用于指某世纪的某个年代
例 in the 1990’s / in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代
5. 用在中国传统节日前（即有festival的节日）
例 The whole family will get together at the Spring Festival. 春节期间全家人都会聚在一起。
6. 用在西洋乐器前
例 play the violin 拉小提琴，play the piano 弹钢琴
7. 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”, 谓语动词用复数形式
例 The Smiths are watching TV at home. 史密斯一家正在家里看电视。
8. 用在形容词前, 表示一类人或物, 谓语动词用复数形式
例 the old 老人，the young 年轻人，the poor 穷人，the blind 盲人
9. 用在序数词和形容词最高级的前面
例 She lives on the fifth floor. 她住在第五层。
To me,he is the most beautiful child in the world. 对我来说，他是世界上最美丽的孩子。
10. 用在带有定语从句或介词短语等作后置定语的名词前，特指某人或某物
例 He is the man that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个男人。
Can you see the book on the teacher’s desk 你看见讲台上的那本书了吗？
11. 在某些固定搭配中加the
(1)动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位。
例 hit sb.on the head 撞到某人的头，take sb.by the arm抓住某人的手臂
(2)其他。
例 in the afternoon 在下午，all the time 一直，at the same time 同时，by the way 顺便说一下，in the end 最后，at the end of 在……的结尾， the number of ……的数量
( )1. ______ man over there is my brother. He is going to ______ Great Wall with me.
A. The; a B. An; a C. A; the D. The; the
( )2. —Did you see ______ movie Hi, Mom yesterday
—Yes, I did. It’s great.
A. / B. an C. a D. the
D
D
( )3. Respecting ______ old and loving ______ young is Chinese important tradition.
A. an; the B. an; a C. the; the D. a; the
( )4. Daqing is in ______ north of China and it has ______ population of more than 2.7 million.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
( )5. Jim started to play ______ violin when he was five.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
C
C
C
1. 在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前不加冠词
(1)专有名词(人名、地名、校名、国家名)前。 例 Jack，New York, Peking University, China
(2)物质名词前。 例 water, air
(3)抽象名词前。 例 music, love, science
考点3
零冠词的用法
【注意】
（1）特指某个物质名词、抽象名词时前面需要加the。 例 the air in the room，the love he shows to music
（2）国家名的全称前加 the。 例 the United States of America(the USA), the United Kingdom (the UK)
（3）某些物质名词前可加a / an，表示“一种；一份；一场……”。 例 a heavy snow/rain
2. 在年份、月份、季节、节假日以及星期前不加冠词
例 in 2000，in July，in spring, on Christmas Day, On Sunday
【注意】
(1)特定某一年的季节前要加the。
例 He was born in the winter of 1998. 他出生在1998年的冬天。
(2)中国的传统节日前要加the。
例 During the Spring Festival， we often visit our relatives. 春节期间，我们经常走访亲戚。
3. 在学科、语言、球类、棋类、交通工具以及三餐前不加冠词
(1)学科、语言前。 例 study science, speak English
(2)球类、棋类前。 例 play soccer, play chess
(3)与by连用的交通工具前。 例 by train, by car
(4)三餐前。 例 have breakfast
【注意】 特指某餐时前面要加the; 当三餐前有修饰词时要加a/an。
例 How was the dinner at Mr.Smith’s house？史密斯先生家里的晚餐怎么样？
I’ll make you a big dinner. 我会为你做一顿丰盛的晚餐。
4. 名词前有限定词时不加冠词
常见的限定词有指示代词(this, that, these, those)、形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her,its,our,their)以及一些不定代词(some, any, no, every)等。
例 He is my brother. 他是我的弟弟。
That blue bag is mine. 那个蓝色的书包是我的。
5. 在某些固定搭配中不加冠词
例 at last最后，at first 起初，at once 立刻，at night在晚上，at home/work/school 在家/在工作/在学校， on time 准时，side by side肩并肩地， go to bed 上床睡觉，go to hospital去医院看病，year after year 一年又一年
【拓展】在某些词组中有无冠词的区别
in front of 在…… (外部的)前面 in the front of 在…… (内部的)前面 in hospital (生病)住院 in the hospital在医院里 at school上学
at the school 在学校
at table在吃饭 at the table 在桌旁 in bed (躺、睡)在床上 in the bed(某物)在床上 in class在上课
in the class在班里
next year明年(多用于一般将来时) the next year第二年（多用于一般过去时） on earth究竟 on the earth在地球上 take place发生
take the place (of)代替
( )1. —Shall we play ______ basketball this afternoon
—Good idea! Do you have ______ basketball
A. the; a B. a; a C. /; / D. /; a
( )2. —Where do you usually have ______ lunch, Susan
—At school.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
D
D
( )3. —The Mid-Autumn Festival usually falls in ______ September.
—Yes, and Chinese people usually have ______ big dinner on that day.
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. /; /
( )4. I like playing ______ chess but my brother likes playing ______ piano.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the
B
D
( )5. In 2016, ______ China set April 24th as ______ country’s Space Day.
A. a; the B. /; the C. the; / D. the; the
B
全国真题演练
( )1. I usually have ______ breakfast at 7 o’clock, and I had ______ big breakfast this morning. (2021百色)
A. /; a B. a; a C. /; the D. a; the
( )2. Everyone needs to know ______ importance of rubbish sorting (分类). (2021成都)
A. an B. / C. the
A
C
( )3. Tony is a kind boy and I’m very lucky to have ______ friend like him. (2021温州)
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )4. France is ______ European country, and I visited ______ country three years ago. (2021黄石)
A. an; the B. a; the C. an; a D. the; the
A
B
( )5. —Who is ______ man in front of the post office
—The one with ______ umbrella He is our English teacher. (2021新疆)
A. the; a B. the; an C. a; an D. a; the
( )6. —Jenny, what did you buy for your father on Father’s Day
—I bought ______ unusual gift for him. And he was quite happy when he received it. (2021齐齐哈尔)
A. a B. an C. the
B
B
( )7. As ______ teacher， it’s important to be ______ good role model for their students.（2021扬州）
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the
( )8. China is ______ Asian country， while France is ______ European country.（2021达州）
A. an; a B. a; an C. an; an D. a; a
C
A
( )9. This is ______ story of friendship. Let’s read ______ story together.（2021天津）
A. a; an B. an; the C. an; a D. a; the
( )10. “What’s that ” The farmer cried, “______ raindrop! I do believe we’ll have a shower (阵雨) soon.” (2021广州)
A. A B. An C. The D. /
D
A
一、语法选择
“Oh, boys, don’t throw stones at the poor bird,” said _1_ old grey-headed man.
“Sir,” said a little one, “she makes such a loud noise that we can’t bear her.”
“I am afraid _2_ stone will rebound (反弹) and hurt you， too!”
“Rebound？ We don’t understand you, sir!”
语篇考点专练
an
the
“Well, I will tell you _3_ true story.”
“Fifty years ago, I liked throwing stones because I had no other boy to play with. One day I went to _4_ work for an old couple who were very friendly to everybody, even to the birds. And the birds seemed to love _5_ old couple, too. For seven years a bird had come and built her nest (鸟巢) in _6_ same place. One day the bird flew to a tree near me. I found _7_
a
/
the
the
a
nice stone, and I threw it at the bird. It hit the bird on the head and she dropped dead！
“I was sorry the moment I saw her fall off _8_ tree. But it was too late. I said nothing to the old couple but one of their grandchildren told them about it. Though the old couple never said _9_ word to me, I knew that they were very sad. They have been dead for many, many years, and so has _10_ poor
the
a
the
bird. But don’t you see how that stone rebounded, and hit me？For fifty years I have still remembered it.”
The boys at once dropped the stones in their hands and the bird had no more trouble from them.
( )1. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )2. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )3. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )4. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )5. A. a B. an C. the D. /
B
C
A
D
C
( )6. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )7. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )8. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )9. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )10. A. a B. an C. the D. /
C
A
C
A
C
二、短文填空
Jim is only three years old and he is often ill. His parents are very worried about this. Yesterday he had _1_ bad cold and had _2_ high fever again. His mother took him to the hospital to see a doctor at once. After getting home from _3_ hospital, his mother fed him the medicine and asked him to lie in bed to have a rest. She hoped he would be all right soon. _4_ hour later, his temperature was still high. His mother looked more worried than
a
a
the
An
before. She thought for _5_ while, and then brought back some water and put a towel (毛巾) into _6_ water. After that, she covered Jim’s head with the towel in order to make his temperature go down as soon as possible. She also used _7_ fan (风扇) to make him feel better. Some time later, Jim’s temperature went down and his mother was not so worried. She lay in the bed and had _8_ rest.
a
the
a
a
From this story we know that it’s not _9_ easy thing for parents to bring up their kids. So I think kids should try their best to be _10_ useful person in the society and do something to show their love for their parents.
an
a
1. _____________ 2. ______________
3. _____________ 4. ______________
5. _____________ 6. ______________
7. _____________ 8. ______________
9. _____________ 10. _____________
a
a
the
An
a
the
a
a
an
a
谢 谢!