2022届高考英语二轮专题语法专项之状语从句课件（28张）

(共28张PPT)
状语从句
CONTENTS
目录
状语从句的概述
01
状语从句的基本类型
02
时间状语从句
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
让步状语从句
地点状语从句
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
Part 1 状语从句的概述
Part 1 状语从句的概述
状语是句子的附加成分，多以副词、短语形式出现，修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。
状语从句是完整的一句话在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。
状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、原因、地点、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较等9种。
Part 1 状语从句的概述
He quickly put on his coat and left.
She is doing her work the way I like it done.
We decided to learn tango this weekend.
He left the room when he finished his test.
Shall we meet at the school gate
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.
In order to save time, my English teacher took a taxi.
He works hard in order that he can serve his country well.
方式状语
方式状语从句
时间状语
时间状语从句
地点状语
地点状语从句
目的状语
目的状语从句
Part 1 状语从句的概述
状语从句种类 引导词
*时间状语从句 when, whenever, while, as, till/until, before, after, since, as soon as
*条件状语从句 if, unless, so/as long as, once, in case
原因状语从句 because, as, since, now (that)
目的状语从句 so that, in order that
结果状语从句 so...that..., such...that...
让步状语从句 though/although, as even if/though, no matter wh-
地点状语从句 where, wherever
方式状语从句 as, as if/though
比较状语从句 as...as, not so...as, than
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
时间状语从句
时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的时间。从句中不能用将来时，若主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时或完成时。主要由下列引导词引导：when, while, as；before, after；until, since, once, by the time, as soon as, no sooner... than和hardly... when；the moment等。
I’ll wait here until my mother finishes her work.
我要在这儿等着直到我妈妈干完活。
Please text me as soon as you get home.
一到家就给我发个短信来。
As I was going to town, I met an old friend of mine.
在我进城的时候，遇到了一位老朋友。
We’ll call on you when you have moved into the new house.
等你搬进了新房子，我们就去拜访你。
例：
词义 用法
when 当……时候 状语从句谓语动词可是延续性动词，也可是瞬间动词；从句动作可先于主句动作，也可和主句动作同时发生。
while 在……期间 状语从句谓语动词是延续性动词；侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
as 正当……时候； 随着 状语从句谓语动词是延续性动词；表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成。
1. 连词when，while，as的用法
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
When the film ended, the people went back.
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.
例：
注意：如果主句表示的是短暂性动作， 而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在
进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
2. 表示“一……就……”的连词
分类 例词 例句
连词 as soon as, once I will call you as soon as I arrive.
像名词的连词 the moment, the minute, the instant The moment I heard the voice, I knew my father was coming.
像副词的连词 immediately, directly The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
固定句式 hardly/scarcely…when；no sooner than... Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely... when...结构的时态搭配为：no sooner 与hardly/scarcely所在的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than 与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely 提到句首时，其所在主句应用倒装语序。
注意：
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
3. till, until 和not...until
连词 位置/句式 用法 例句
till 句中 主语的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止” He remained there until/till she arrived.
until 句首、句中 Until you told me I had no idea of it.
not...until 一般句式 主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，表示“某动作直到某时间才开始” He won’t go to bed till/until she returns.
倒装句式 Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
强调句式 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
4. after, before
词义 例句
after 在……之后 He changed his idea after he thought it over.
before 在……之前 It won’t be long before we meet again.
5. since
用法 例句
基本用法 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，用一般过去时；主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者反复发生过的动作，其时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时 I have written home four times since I came here.
“It is +一段时间+since 从句”句型 在该句型中since引导的从句的谓语动词若是延续性动词，时间的计算从since从句的动作或状态结束时算起；若since 引导的从句的谓语动词是终止性动词，计时起点从动作开始时算起 It is three years since I smoked.
（延续性动词）
我不吸烟已有三年了。
It is three years since I began to smoke.（终止性动词）
我吸烟已有三年了。
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
条件状语从句
有前提或条件的从句叫条件状语从句，主要由下列引导词引导：if, unless(=if not), on (the) condition that, provided/providing (that), as long as, as/so far as, supposing that, what if, in case, given that, when, where, while等。
Let’s have a picnic if it doesn’t rain this weekend.
如果这周末不下雨，我们就去野餐。
I shall not go to the movie unless I finish my homework.
我不会去看电影的，除非我做完家庭作业。
So/as long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候完成实验。
例：
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
连词 词义 例句
if 如果 If you water a plant, it grows.
unless 除非，如果不 We are going to have a picnic unless it rains.
so/as long as 只要 As long as you keep on trying, you will succeed.
in case 万一 In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.
on condition that 条件是 We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean.
suppose/supposing (that) 假设，如果 Supposing that you fail, don’t lose heart, but try again.
provided/providing that 如果 We’ll visit Europe next year provided we have enough money.
what if 如果……将会怎样 What if we couldn’t get the preparation done in time
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
原因状语从句
原因状语从句表示主句动作或状态发生的原因或理由，可位于主句之前、之后或插在主句中。主句表示结果，从句表示原因，主要由下列引导词引导：because, as, since, for, seeing (that), considering (that), now (that), in that, not... because等。
Since you are ill, I will have to go alone. 既然你病了，我只好自己去了。
As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park. 既然下雪了，我们就不去公园了。
Now that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.
既然我的头脑已经清醒了，脑子也就渐渐变得灵活多了。
例：
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
because, since和 for
用法 例句
because 意为“因为”，表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答why， 语气最强。当主句为否定句时， 从句because须用逗号与主句隔开，否则容易产生歧义。 He is absent today because he is ill.
since 意为“既然，由于”，表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由，只是一个附带说明。 Since everyone is here, let’s begin our discussion.
for 并列连词，提供一些补充说明或对前一个分句加以解释，不可前置。 He couldn’t have seen me, for I was not there.
seeing that 鉴于 considering that 考虑到 now that 既然 in that 因为
其他引导词：
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
目的状语从句
目的状语从句表示主句中的动作或状态发生的目的或动机，常位于主句之后，主要由下列引导词引导：in order that, so that, for fear that, in case, lest等。
They started early so that they might arrive in time.
他们这么早就出发，是为了能及时赶到。
He moved his chair to the front in order that he could see the experiment clearly.
为了把实验看清楚，他把座椅挪到了前面。
In order that every student might understand the poem, the teacher explained the background again. 为了使每个学生都能看懂那首诗，老师又讲了一遍写作背景。
例：
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
连词 词义 例句
in order that 以便……；为了…… In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
so that I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
for fear that 唯恐，以免某事会发生 Shut the window for fear that it may rain.
in case 以防 Take your raincoat in case it rains.
lest 以免 The animals must be destroyed lest the disease spread.
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
结果状语从句
结果状语从句表示主句中某一动作或状态所产生的结果，主句是原因，从句是结果，主要由下列引导词引导：so, so...that；such that, such...that；but, but...that；连接副词as a result, therefore, consequently等。
There were so many people in the hall that I had to push my way out.
大厅里的人太多了，我得挤着才能出来。
There were so few students present that the class was cancelled.
上课的学生如此的少，以至于这节课被取消了。
I have so little money then that I couldn’t even afford a used car.
我当时囊中羞涩，以至于连一辆二手车都买不起。
例：
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
so...that 和 such...that
so...that、such...that（如此……以至于），有以下几种结构：
例句：
The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.
Mike is so honest a boy that we all believe in him.
I have so many friends that I never feel lonely.
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
so
形容词/副词
many/few+复数名词
much/little+不可数名词
形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式
that 从句
such
a/an+可数名词单数形式
复数名词
不可数名词
that 从句
还有so that（所以）和 such that（这样以致），如：
He made a wrong decision, so that half of his property was lost.
His progress was such that it surprised his teacher.
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
too...to和enough to
too...to（太……而不能），enough to...（达到某种程度可以……）等结构同样可以表示结果。
例：
He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus.
He got up too late to catch the bus.
as a result, therefore, consequently
连接副词as a result, therefore, consequently表示因果关系，用于连接两个独立的句子时，通常位于句间，前面用分号，后面加逗号。
例：
Our teacher was sick; as a result, our class was canceled.
I don’t know much about computers; therefore, I can’t help you.
The weather is very severe; consequently, all flights will be delayed.
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
让步状语从句
让步状语从句用于表示主句的情景与从句所说的情况产生的情景相反，但不影响事情的进行或实现，主要由下列引导词引导：although，though，as；while；if，granted/granting (that)；even though，even if，whether... 或用“疑问词+ever”等构成的复合词或“no matter+wh-”；nevertheless。
I must go on working though I am tired.
虽然我已经累了，可是还得接着干。
Although he is already over 80, he is still in good health.
虽然他都80多岁了，但身体还很好。
Even if you lost the game, you shouldn’t lose heart.
即使这场比赛输了也不能失去信心。
例：
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
连词 词义 例句
although / though 尽管，虽然 He is unhappy, though he has a lot of money.
as 尽管，虽然 Child as he is, the boy knows a lot.
even though / even if 即使 Even though/Even if it is raining, we’ll go there.
whether...or... 不管……还是…… Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
疑问词+-ever 与 no matter +疑问词 不管……；无论…… Whatever you say, he won’t believe you.
注意：
由although/though引导的让步从句，主句不能再用but。
no matter +wh-只能引导让步状语从句； wh-+ever既可以引导让步状语从句又可以引导名词性从句。
由as引导的让步状语从句，从句中一般要用部分倒装结构，也就是将形容词、副词、名词或动词位于句首。如果作表语的是名词，该名词前不用冠词。
常见结构：（不带冠词）n./adj./adv./分词+as+主语+动词；有时会用动词原形+as+主语+助动词。
例：Child as he is, he knows a lot of things.
Weak as Lily looks, she could beat you down in 3 seconds.
Hard as he tried, he failed.
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
地点状语从句
地点状语从句表示事件发生的地点或方向，主要由下列引导词引导：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等。
Where there is a big river, there is a city.
有大河流的地方就有城市。
Where there is life, there is hope.
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
Where there is music, there is happiness.
有音乐的地方就有快乐。
In order to make money, he will go wherever he can get a job.
为了挣钱，他愿意去任何能找到工作的地方。
We shall work wherever the conditions are good.
只要工作环境良好，无论哪里我们都会去。
例：
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
连词 词义 从句位置 例句
where wherever ……的地方 指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句需放在主句之前 You are free to go wherever you like.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
如果想说“我在操场上打篮球的时候把钥匙弄丢了。”，可以有两种表达方式：
① I lost my key on the playground. （初中知识）
② I lost my key where I played basketball. （高中知识）
我把钥匙丢在（我）打篮球的地方了。
从上面例句中我们可以看出where I played basketball的作用等同于on the playground，都是表示地点的状语，只是第二句说得更详细具体些。
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
方式状语从句
方式状语从句描述主句中动作或状态发生的方式或方法，主要由下列引导词引导：as，just as, (in) the way，as if，as though等。
You should do the experiment as the teacher tells you to.
你应该按照老师的要求做实验。
Do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
The old man runs very fast as though he were a young man.
那位老人跑得很快，就像年轻人似的。
It looks as if it will rain.
看来好像要下雨。
例：
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
as if（正如，就像）；as if/as though （好像，仿佛）
as if 或 as though引导的从句可以用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。
例：Do as you are told, or you’ll be fired.
The lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. （虚拟语气）
He closed his eyes as if he was tired. （陈述语气）
Part 2 状语从句的基本类型
比较状语从句
比较状语从句也是一种方式状语，用于表示同等程度的比较，主要由下列引导词引导：than，as...as，the same as，the... the...；“as+句子，so +句子”；“A is to B what C is to D”；while, whereas, however等。
Tom is as tall as my brother (is). 汤姆和我弟弟一般高。
My garden is not so big as your garden (is). 我的花园没有你的花园大。
It rains more often in the south than (it does) in the north. 南方比北方的雨水多。
I know him better than you (do). 我比你更了解他。
Water is to fish what air is to man. 水对于鱼如同空气对于人一样。
例：