初中英语写作策略指导与实战训练

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初中英语写作策略指导与实战训练（一）
第一部分 应用文
应用文是人们日常生活或工作中经常使用的文体，包括书信、通知、便条、启事等。其语言重在实用，要求朴实、准确、简洁。应用文在实践中逐渐形成了各自的格式，且各种格式都有一定的规范。掌握应用文的基本结构和特点是学生应该具备的基本功之一。
第一节 书信
书信是人们在日常生活、学习、工作和公务活动中应用最为广泛的有一定惯用格式的应用文，是个人与个人之间、个人与组织之间、组织与组织之间交流思想感情、传递意见要求、传播信息的书面形式。同其它类应用文一样，书信具有实用性强、格式固定、使用广泛等特点。由于文化背景与习俗的不同，英文书信与中文书信在书写格式上有较大差异，需特别注意。
书信的写法应注意三大部分。
一、信封的格式
在信封正面的中间略偏右的地方写收信人的地址，注意要先写收信人的姓名，再从小到大写上收信人的地址，寄信人的地址则按从小到大的顺序写在信封的左上角，或者是写在信封的背面。格式如下所示：
二、书信的格式
书信分为正式信件(公务性信件和商务性信件)和非正式信件(家人、朋友之间的信件)两种。常见的书信格式如下图所示：
三、正文的写法
1. 信头(Heading)：信头是指写信人的地址及日期，位于信笺的右上方，距信纸的顶头约一英寸。顺序是先写地址，后写日期。地址由小写到大，即门牌号→街名→城市→省份→国名，由小到大的顺序书写。如“江西省万载县康乐镇田下路159号”，英文写法是：159 Tianxia Road, Kangle Town, Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province；日期可按“日—月—年”的顺序或“月—日—年”的顺序写。
2. 信内地址(Inside Address)：它是指收信人的姓名和地址，写在信笺的左上方，稍低于信头一至二行，在称呼语上方。顺序是先写收信人姓名，后写职务，再写地址(由小到大)。商业往来信件及公函必须写信头和信内地址。但亲友、熟人之间的信可不写信内地址，信头处只写发信日期。
3. 称呼(Greeting)：收信人的称呼，写在信纸的左边，低于信内地址。
4. 书信的正文(Body)：是写信者所要说的话，正文信的内容，从左向右横写，低于称呼语，常在缩进四、五个字母处起笔。写信与写文章一样，要分段写，每段有一个中心思想，内容要表达清楚，语言要简单明了，态度要诚恳礼貌。给亲友的信还应亲切热情。考试时必须把规定的内容写清楚。正文结束时，还可写一两句表达心愿的话，如：Best wishes to you /Remember me to your family /Hoping to hear from you soon等。
5. 结束语(Closing)：发信人表示自己对收信人的一种客套称呼，写在书信正文结尾下面低两行的位置上。一般它均从正中或偏右处写起。结束语的第一个字母必须大写，后面须加上逗号。收信人与写信人之间是朋友关系时常用：Yours,/Yours ever,/Ever yours,/Always(Sincerely) yours, 等等。
6. 签名(Signature)：发信人自己的姓名，写在结束语的下面一行。可与结束语齐头或略向右靠一点儿。
在这里给大家介绍一些关于书信的开头和结尾的写法：
A. 开头语
1. Thank you for your letter of September 1.
2. Many thanks for your kind letter which reached me yesterday.
3. You letter come to me this morning.
4. I was delighted to receive your letter.
5. I am in receipt of your letter.
6. It’s a long time since I saw your last.
7. I have been missing you a lot since we met last time.
8. I am sorry for not writing to you sooner.
9. I am writing to you tell that ……
10. I often think of you. How are you recently
B. 结束语
1. Good luck!
2. Best wishes!
3. Take care of yourself, will you
4. Send my love to your…
5. Please write to me when you have time.
6. Please write soon.
7. Let’s keep in touch.
8. I am looking forward to your next letter soon.
9. Thank you for an early reply.
10. Please tell me if you need my help.
[强化训练]
1. 假如你叫Li Ming, 中学生，经常收听音乐节目，请你用英语给节目主持人写一封信。信的要点如下：(1)你很喜欢这个节目，特别是英语歌曲；(2)学习很疲劳时，你会打开收音机，听这个节目；(3)从英语歌里你学了很多单词；你最喜欢“Take Me to Your Heart”这首歌，希望得到歌词(the words of a song)。
注意：信要通顺连贯；词数70左右。信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
2. 假定你叫周海，家住江西省南昌市北京西路 153号，你刚收到好友张辉8月15日的来信。他说对英语学习失去了信心，准备放弃，你很吃惊。现请你给他复信，劝他继续学习，并告诉他英语是一门重要学科，要有克服困难的意志，要有好的学习方法。写信时间为8月 20日，词数100左右。
3.假如你叫李海，暑假里你和父亲去北京旅游。几天后你给你的同学赵涛写信，向他介绍首都北京及你们参观长城情况。(你住在北京西长安街809号)
4. 假如你是张吉，你的加拿大笔友Tim给你来信，告知你他将来宁波度假。请你根据所给提示用英语写一封回信。词数：60-80。
回信须包括以下要点：
1) 欢迎他来宁波；2) 恰好你也有一个月的假期；3) 在宁波可以游泳、钓鱼、爬山、吃各种海鲜、浏览市容；4) 你们可以互相学习语言；5) 请对方告知到达的时间和航班号，以便去机场迎接。
[参考范文]
1.
No. 28 Middle School
Suzhou
April 8, 2013
Dear Mr Liu,
I’m a middle school student. In my spare time, I’d love to listen to the radio, especially the programme you present. When I am tired, I usually turn on my radio to relax. I enjoy the English songs in the programme most. From the songs, I learn new words. It is helpful in my English study.
I was wondering whether you could help me find the words of the song Take Me to Your Heart, as it is one of my favourites.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
2.
153 Beijing West Road
Nanchang, Jiangxi
August 20, 2013
Dear Zhang Hui,
I have received your letter of August 15. I’m surprised to learn that you have lost heart in your English and that you want to give it up.
In my opinion, English is an important subject for us middle school students. It’s wrong for you to give it up. I hope you’ll go on studying English. You should have more confidence and when you are learning a language you will make mistakes, this is part of learning. Where there is a will, there is a way. Besides, you must develop a good way of learning. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for help. I’m sure you’ll make great progress in your English very soon.
Yours,
Zhou Hai
3.
809 West Chang’an Street, Beijing
July 20, 2013
Dear Zhao Tao,
I’ve been in Beijing for several days. I miss you very much. Does everything go well at home Now let me tell you something about Beijing.
Beijing, our capital, is a very beautiful city. There are too many people, cars and big buildings in Beijing. There are all kinds of shops. They sell all kinds of things. There are lots of places of great interest. Now it’s the best time to visit Beijing. Too many travellers have come here.
Yesterday my father and I visited the Great Wall. How great! I was very excited when I saw the Great Wall. We took lots of photos. I saw lots of foreigners, they’re very interesting. We enjoyed ourselves very much there.
Zhao Tao, have you finished your lessons I’m going home soon.
Please tell my mother not to worry about us.
Yours,
Li Hai
4.August 9th
Dear Tim,
I received your letter yesterday. I’m very happy to hear that you’ll come to Ningbo. I’m going to have a one-month holiday after the exams finish. We can spend our holiday together. We can go swimming, go fishing, climb the hills and enjoy many kinds of seafood. We can also visit different parts of this beautiful city. I’m sure you’ll like it. At the same time, we can learn language from each other. Please call me and let me know your flight number and the arrival time as soon as you get the ticket. I’ll meet you at the airport. I’m sure we’ll have a good time together.
Best wishes to your family!
Yours,
Zhang Ji
相关书信类型 最新３年满分作文分类评析
A.(2012河北） 假如你叫李华，请你就“英语老师用英语还是用英汉双语教学”这一问题，根据下面的提示和要求，给你的老师Miss Li写一封信，谈一谈人的看法。
提示：(1)What’s your idea
(2) Why do you think so
(3) What is your advice
要求：(1)信须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。
(2) 信中不要涉及真实的人名和校名。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
(3) 词数：60~80。
Dear Miss Li,
I think you’d better use ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hopefully you can think about it.
Best wishes!
Yours,
B.（2012年株洲市中考）中考马上要结束了，考完后你就可以做你喜欢的事哦。假如你是David，你的美国笔友Fred来信询问考后你想做什么。请给他写封回信，告诉他你喜欢做的两、三件事情，并说明理由。
注意：1. 60词左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2.文中不能出现可能透露考生真实身份的任何信息;
3.不要把已给出部分再抄写在答题卡上。
Dear Fred,
I am so glad to receive your letter. You want to know what I like to do after the exam. Now let me tell you about it.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
David
C.(2011北京）根据中文和英文提示，写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的回信。信的开头和结尾已给出，其词数不计入所完成的回信内。请不要写出席的校名和姓名。
成长中每个人都要面对烦恼，并解决问题。假设你叫刘明，是美国中学生爱莉丝的朋友。你受到她的电子邮件，请给她回复，回答她的问题，提出你的建议，并就此事谈谈你的看法。
Hi！ Liu Ming，
I’m so sad. Angela is a close friend of mine. This morning she wanted to borrow some money from me. If I lend her the money ， I’m afraid she won’t pay me back. I don’t know what to do. Do you have the same problem？ I need your help.
Yours，
Alice
Hi！ Alice，
I’m glad to hearing from you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope what I said…。
Yours，
Liu Ming
【解题要点】
1. 回答她的问题
2. 提出建议
3. 对于此事谈谈你的看法
来信内容简要说明：
Alice表示自己的好友Angela问自己借钱，但自己不知是否该借给她，担心对方可能不能归还。问刘明是否遇到同样的问题？请刘明给自己一些建议，期待回信。
【解题思路】
依旧牢记“结构、要点、逻辑、语法、亮点”五大要素，审题一定要仔细，看准题目中的要点为：回答她的问题；提出建议；对于此事谈谈你的看法。
1. 结构、要点
文章第一部分，首先要做的就是在来信中找问题，很明显，只有一个问句“ Do you have the same problem？” ，所以作文中应该开门见山：I have the same problem. / I have never met things like this. 而且，来信的第一句话为“ I‘m so sad.”， 所以第一部分内容可以表示安慰 “ Don’t worry” 或者表示理解对方的感受 “I can understand you.”
文章第二部分，根据第二个要点，提出建议。可能涉及到如下几种建议，如：
If it‘s not a lot of money， you can lend it to her.（如果钱不多的话，可以借给她）;If she wants to borrow a lot of mney from you， you’d better suggest her to ask her parents for help. （如果她想要借很多钱的话，你最好建议她去问她的父母寻求帮助）;If you decide to help her， then trust her， because she is your close friend.（如果你决定把钱借给她的话，就要信任她，因为她是你的好朋友。）
文章第三部分，根据第三个要点，谈谈自己的感受，其实，也就是回答“why”，即：为什么要给出如上建议的原因。如：
Friendship is more important than money， if your close friend needs help， you are supposed to give him / her a hand and trust him / her. （友谊和信任比金钱更重要，如果你的好朋友需要帮助，你应该帮助他/她，并且给予信任。）
We students don‘t have jobs to earn money but depend on our parents， when we need some money， it’s always a better choice to ask our parents for help instead of turn to our friends. Meanwhile， we should be honest to our parents. （我们学生没有工作，不挣钱，需要依赖我们的父母。当我们需要用钱的时候，问父母要总比问同学借要好。同时，我们应该对父母要保持诚实）
2. 逻辑
如果考生能够找全题目要点，并且按照要点所给顺序写下来，结构清晰，那么逻辑应该是通顺的。因为全文基本是按照如下思路：现身说法，对于对方所遇到的问题表示理解 --- 提出建议 --- 说明感受，即说明所提建议的原因。其中，可以使用大量的逻辑连词和状语从句表示因果、条件、转折等逻辑关系。
3. 语法、亮点
根据题目要求，回信文体形式大体为说明文，议论参半，所以下笔前首先确定文章时态大体为一般现在时态。由于文章话题属于生活化细节问题，所以文章内容一般不涉及难度过大的词或句子，只要句式灵活多变，用词准确、丰富，逻辑通顺，语法完全正确，多用词组，向批卷老师呈现出扎实的语法功底和丰富的词汇量，也就是文章的亮点所在。
第二节 日记
日记常用来记叙自己一天生活中所看到、遇到、想到和做过的事情，特别是那些具有教育意义或值得回忆、查阅或参考的事情，也可以用来抒发自己当天对某些事件的感受，以及对将来的打算等。因此，要记的内容丰富多彩，这正是日记题材广泛，选材容易的原因。体裁以记叙文或简单的议论文为主。英文日记的格式与中文日记大体一样。
写日记时要注意以下几点：
1. 格式：英文日记和中文日记的写法大致相同。一般是第一行写上日期、星期、天气状况。日期通常顶格写，后面是星期，天气状况写在右上角。表示天气情况的词一般用形容词，如：fine, cold, rainy, windy, cloudy, sunny, snowy, foggy等。正文部分另起一行。
日记各部分的书写格式示意图如下：
2. 人称：日记要用第一人称写。
3. 时态：写日记的时间一般是在下午或晚上，有时也有在第二天补记的。所记叙的事情通常发生在过去，所以常用一般过去时态。但如果要记叙天气、描写景色、展望未来、议论某事或对话引语等，可以使用一般现在时或一般将来时，以生动再现当时的情景。
4. 日记的写作顺序：日记一般按照时间顺序或事情的经过来写。语言要清楚、自然，内容要连贯、完整。
5. 类型：日记可分为记事型、议论型、描写型以及抒情型等类型。记事型日记，就是学生用所学英语词汇记述当天自己生活中所发生的事情。议论型，就是对生活中的某一事情或情况、现象发表自己的看法。描写型就是对某人、某物的特征进行细致的描述，或对某事物抒发自己的感情。
[实例点评]
假设今天是六月十三日(星期一)，天气晴朗。请根据以下提示，用英语写一则日记。
1. 全世界人民热爱足球，我也最喜欢足球；
2. 今天下午一位有名的足球运动员张林，来我校给我们作了“足球与中国”的报告；
3. 报告结束后，他和我们一起在学校操场踢了半小时足球；
4. 今天过得很愉快。我一定要更加努力学习，将来当一名像张林一样的优秀足球运动员。
[写作指导]
1. 首先要将日记的格式写对。
2. 注意时态的一致性和真实性。
3. 用词要准确，行文要流畅，不能照汉语提示硬译。
[参考范文]
May 13th, 2013 Monday Fine
The people all over the world love football. Football is my favourite sport. This afternoon a famous football player came to our school and gave us a talk about “Football and China”. His name was Zhang Lin. He was tall and strong. After the lecture, he played football on the school playground with us for half an hour. I enjoyed myself very much today. I think I must work hard at all my lessons and try to become a good football player like Zhang Lin.
[强化训练]
1. 就植树节这一天的植树活动写一篇简短的日记。单词数：50左右。
提示：
1) 穿旧衣服；
2) 早餐后乘车到西山；
3) 挖坑、种树、浇水，每人种树3棵；
4) 12点结束；
5) 感想；
6) 天气晴朗。
2. 按下列要求写一篇日记。
要求：今天是5月21日星期六 ，不上课，吃完早饭后你做作业。然后和飞鸣一起去看电影。路上看到一个小男孩在修自行车，你们停下来帮忙。飞鸣花了10分钟的时间帮助他修好了自行车，小男孩非常的感激。当你们匆忙赶到电影院时正好电影开始。
[参考范文]
1. March 12th, 2013, Tuesday Fine
Today is Tree Planting Day. After breakfast we went to the West Hill to plant trees by bus. We were all in old clothes and worked very hard. Some dug holes, some put trees in them and others watered them. Each of us planted three young trees. When we finished our work, it was already twelve o’clock. We felt a little tired, but we were very happy.
2. May 21 Saturday Fine
We had no lessons today. After breakfast I did my homework. After that Feiming and I went to the cinema.
On the way, we saw a little boy. He was mending his bike. He looked worried. We decided to help him. There was nothing much wrong with it. So it took Feiming only ten minutes to finish it. The boy was very thankful.
When we hurried to the cinema, we were just in time. We both felt very happy.
相关日记类型三年满分作文评析：
A.(2012江苏苏州）假设你是名初三毕业生，考上了理想的学校。今天是开学第一天，请你根据下表所列的 内容要点，用英语写一篇日记，写下这一天的感受。.
去校前 兴奋(原因自拟） 担忧(原因自拟）
到校后 发现老师、同学友好 忘了紧张、感离校时 不会再担心 相信
会快乐
注意：
1. 词数90左右；
2. 日记的开头已为你写好，不计人总词数；
3. 日记须包括所有内容要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥，使其连贯、通顺； 4. 日记中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 Monday, Sept. 3 Fine
Today was the first day of my new life. I looked at my new books and checked everything for the new school year. I was excited as well as worried.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
第三节： 邮件
A.
B. (2012浙江杭州）书面表达（共1题，计15分）
你的笔友Sammy想了解你这两天的考试情况以及暑期安排。假定你是陈涛，请根据Sammy在电子邮件中的提问，给他写回信。字数在80字左右。
From：Sammy@wde.ac.uk Subject: How are you
Hi,How are you I know you’re busy with your English exam right now. How is it And how was everything yesterday Anyway, it’ll be all over soon. What are you going to do during the summer vacation And are you ready for your new school life Please email me and let me know.Sammy
（2012江苏常州）
书面表达(共1题；满分15分)
假如你是李华，5月18日你校举行了”科技节”展示活动，请你根据以下要点用英语给你的笔友Mike写一封邮件，介绍本次活动的情况。
活动目的 提高实践技能、培养团队精神
活动准备 学生们结成小组、选择活动项目、进行实验研究
展示内容 1. 从高处扔鸡蛋，鸡蛋完好无损；2. 纸做的桥上能站住人；3. ……
活动感受 ……
注意：1. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称。
2. 语言通顺，意思连贯，书写规范。
3. 词数不少于90。文章的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数。
Dear Mike,
In your last e-mail, you asked me about the Science and Technology Festival in our school. I’m glad to tell you something about it.
I’m looking forward to learning about your school life.
Yours,
Li Hua

第四节：通知：
通知通常是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作、召开会议、传达事情所用的一种应用文。通知包括口头通知和书面通知。
1. 口头通知
口头通知是面对面地把事情传达给对方。在发布口头通知时，应该注意以下几个问题：
开头应有称呼语：Boys and girls 或 Ladies and gentlemen等。
应有引起听众注意的开场白：Attention, please! 或Be quiet, please!
结尾应给听众结束通知的信号：That’s all. Thank you.或 So much for this. Thank you.
口头通知的内容要讲清楚时间、地点、活动内容及注意事项。
2. 书面通知
书面通知是以布告、张贴的形式出现，为醒目起见， 标题的每个字母都常大写。
格式包括：
标题：在正文的上面写“NOTICE”。
正文：包括具体的时间、地点、活动内容及注意事项。
单位：一般写在右下角，有时放在标题的上面。
时间：发出通知的时间一般写在左下角。若右下角无发通知单位的名称，也可以写在右下角。
人称：发通知的单位和被通知的对象均用第三人称，但如果正文前已有称呼语，就用第二人称表示被通知的对象。
[实例点评]
请按以下要求拟定一份通知：
1. 为了提高口语水平，学校准备举办英语口语竞赛。
2. 时间：2013年6月13日。
3. 地点：二楼会议大厅。
4. 参加对象：初三年级学生。
5. 前三名发奖。
6. 本周到王老师那儿报名(sign up)。
7. 通知人：校长办公室。
8. 欢迎初三学生参加。
[写作指导]
1. 所写通知要包含所有内容，不得遗漏。
2. 语言要简洁。3. 时间、地点可以连在一起写，一气呵成。
[参考范文]
Notice
To improve our oral English, an English-speaking Contest will be held in the hall on the second floor on June 13, 2013. All the students from Grade Three are welcome to join and the first five winners will be given prizes. If you want to take part in the contest, please come to Mr Wang to sign up this week.
Try your best and get ready for it.
Wish you success!
The Office of the Headmaster
相关通知类型三年满分作文评析：
即学即练：　根据下面的汉语提示写一个60字左右的口头通知：
　　假如你是班长，你们要举办英语讲座（lecture）。
　　1 时间：3月1日星期五下午3 点至五点
　　2 地点：阶梯教室（lecture theatre）
　　3 讲座人：北京大学李平教授
　　4 报告的内容：怎样学英语
　　5 要求大家准时出席 （attend），并且可以向他咨询有关英语学习的问题
　　例文：
　　Announcement
　　Girls and boys / Ladies and gentlemen，
　　May I have your attention，please ？ / Attention，please.
　　I’ve got announcement to make./ I’m very glad to tell you that an English lecture will be held in the lecture hall / theater from 3 p.m .to 5 p.m. on Friday，March 1st.It will be given by Professor Li Ping from Beijing University. The topic is“ How to learn English well”.You may take notes if you like. And you may ask any question on English learning / study after the lecture. Please attend the lecture on time / don’t be late.
　　That’s all，thank you.
第五节： 电话留言条
英语电话留言条包括五部分：发话者(From)；收话者(To)；日期(Date)；时间(Time)；留言内容(Message)。有时，最后可以出现记录人签名。
电话留言条最根本的特点就是内容必须言简意赅，切忌冗长。即写电话留言条时，行文要简明扼要，通俗易懂，将发话者的意思清楚明白地表达出来。
写一个电话留言条，咋一看似乎很难，但只要对电话内容加以分析，注意电话留言条的格式和特点，也就容易写出来。
英语电话留言条格式如下：
TELEPHONE MESSAGE
From: To:
Date: Time:
Message:
[实例点评] 史密斯先生给你父亲打电话，因你父亲不在，你接了电话。史密斯先生说，他将于明天上午10点半飞抵沈阳，请你父亲去接他。假设你的名字是赵威，接电话的时间是今天(5月11日)下午4点20分，请你写个电话记录。
[写作指导]
1. 体裁为电话记录，属应用文体。要明确格式。
2. 明确人物，不是你本人，而是赵威。接电话的时间，不是现在，而是5月11日下午4点20分。飞机到沈的时间是明天(5月12日)上午10点30分。事件是飞机到沈后请赵威的父亲去接史密斯先生。
[参考范文]
From: Mr Smith To: Dad
Date: May 11 Time: 4:20 p. m.
Message: His plane will arrive in Shenyang at 10:30 tomorrow morning. He asked you to go and meet him.
Zhao Wei
第六节：请假条
请假条(written request for leave)是中学生必须掌握的常用应用文之一，它包括请病假(note for sick leave)和请事假(leave of absence)。请假条是用于向老师或上级领导等因身体状况不好或因某事请求准假的场合。
英文请假条写作需注意三点：
1) 英文中请假条的写法和汉语请假条相同，它一般由四部分组成，即时间、称呼、正文和签名。
2) 一般而言，可认定请假条是一种简单的书信文体。请假条一般写在纸上，不用信封。其书写格式与书信有很多相似之处，是书信的大大简化。
3) 请假条的特点是要求开门见山、内容简短、用词通俗易懂。
[实例点评]
假如你是王立。昨天你和同学们去农场帮助农民们摘苹果，不幸(unluckily)从梯子上摔下来伤了腿，但伤得不重。医生让你在家里好好休息。因此，你向高老师请假两天(ask for leave for two days)。
[写作指导]
1. 这是一份请假条。日期是September 28, 日期写在正文的右上角。由于请假条的内容大多是当天、近几日因病或因事请假，所以不必写上年份；称呼是Dear Miss Gao，称呼写在左上角。请假条因是向上级请示，一般以Dear..., 或My dear..., 开头。有时可在Dear之后，用上Mr.或Miss等的称呼加上姓氏。不过，有一点仍要提醒大家，各种称呼后面一般都用逗号。
2. 写请假条只要把请假的理由和请假时间说清楚即可。有的请假条为了说明其请假事由是真实的，在正文之后另起一行，写上I enclose a doctor’s certificate.(我附上了医生证明。)；签名为Wang Li。签名(署名)写在右下角，签名(署名)上面一行可以写上Yours, Your student等字样，有时由于写条的人和收条的人彼此一般很熟悉，所以在称呼和签名上比较随便和简单。特别是在签名部分，有时可简单到只写个姓或只写个名就可以了。
[参考范文]
September 28
Dear Miss Gao,
I’m sorry I can’t go to school today. I helped the farmers pick apples with my classmates on the farm yesterday. Unluckily, I fell off the ladder and hurt my leg, but I wasn’t badly hurt. The doctor asked me to stay in bed and have a good rest. So I ask for leave for two days.
Wang Li
[强化训练]
1. 根据以下对话内容写一个电话留言条。
(It’s eight o’clock on Saturday morning, June 14th.Mr Hu is answering a telephone.)
Mr Hu: Hello!
Linda: Hello! Could I speak to Kate, please
Mr Hu: I’m sorry she isn’t at home at the moment. Could I take a message for her
Linda: Er, yes. This is Linda speaking. I want to ask Kate to come to my birthday party this evening. Would you please ask her to give me a call earlier this afternoon My telephone number is 6764352.
Mr Hu: Certainly. I’ll leave a message on her desk.
Linda: Thank you very much. Bye-bye!
Mr Hu: Goodbye!
2. 假如你叫高飞，是Miss Mary的朋友，请根据以下的提示给Miss Mary写一个留言条。
你于今早(6月18日)从广州乘飞机到北京，10：30 去她的办公室看她，Miss Mary不在，你告诉她你住在和平宾馆088房间， 你明天去美国，询问Miss Mary是否给父母带些东西，见条后立即打电话，号码是7782079。
3. 今天是5月4日青年节(Youth Day)，你班晚上7:00举办晚会，你下午去邀请王老师参加，不巧她不在家，请根据上述内容给王老师留一便条。
4. 假如你叫李明，因患重感冒今明两天不能上学。请你参考下面方框中所给的词语给你的外籍英语教师写一张请假条，说明你这两天不能上学的原因。词数：60左右。
5. 你是赵松，今天晚上5点10分(4月3日)你去钟美华家给她送电影票，不料她不在家。于是你给她写了张便条，告诉她票已买到，片名为 Wars in Liaohai，在新华影院上映，请她今晚7点20分到你家找你，你们一同步行去。字数20-40。
April 3rd
Dear Zhong Meihua,
I’ve got the tickets for the film. Its name is Wars in Liaohai. Can you come to my home and then to Xinhua Cinema with me at 7:20 this evening
Zhao Song
6. 你的笔友来度暑假，住在你家。今天上午，你有事外出，他还在睡觉。请用英语给他写一张字左右的便条。并告诉他：
1) 他在家里可干些什么？
2) 你中午何时回来？
3) 提醒他别忘了下午有何安排。
7. 假定今天是12月30日。下午3点，三年级一班的王凯和张阳去邀请格林先生参加明天上午8:30在他们班教室举行的新年联欢会，但碰巧他不在。如果你是王凯，请根据上述内容及所给的提示词语给格林先生留一个便条，要求60-80个单词。
提示词语：It happened that...碰巧......
[参考范文]
1.
TELEPHONE MESSAGE
From: Linda To: Kate
Date: June, 14th Time: 8:00 a.m.
Message: Linda wants you to go to her birthday party this evening. So when you come back, give her a call earlier this afternoon. Her telephone number is 6764352.
2. 10:30 a.m. June 18
Dear Mary,
I got to Beijing from Guangzhou by plane this morning. I came to your office to see you, but you were not in. I’m going to fly to America tomorrow morning. I don’t know if you want to ask me to take something to your parents for you. I live in Room 088 of Heping Hotel. Please ring me up after you read the note. My telephone number is 7782079.
Yours,
Gao Fei
3. May 4
Dear Miss Wang,
We are going to have a Youth Day arty in our classroom at 7:00. All of our classmates whole heartedly hope you can join us. This afternoon, I called on you at about 2:40. It happened that you were not at home. So I am leaving this note for you. Would you please come at 7:00 this evening You are sure to be warmly welcomed.
Yours faithfully,
Zhang Hua
4. Dear Mr Green,
I’m sorry to tell you that I’m not feeling well today. This morning I went to see the doctor and he told me that I had caught a bad cold. He asked me to stay in bed for two days. So I can’t go to school today and tomorrow. I hope I’ll get well soon.
Your student,
Li Ming
5. April 3rd
Dear Zhong Meihua,
I’ve got the tickets for the film. Its name is Wars in Liaohai. Can you come to my home and then to Xinhua Cinema with me at 7:20 this evening
Zhao Song
6. Dear Jack,
I have to go out because I have something to do .Have breakfast yourself first after you get up. Then you may watch TV or do something else as you like. I’ll be back at half past eleven. Do remember we’ll visit my school this afternoon.
Li Ming
7. December 30th
Dear Mr Green,
We are going to have a New Year party in our classroom at 8:30 tomorrow. All of our classmates wish you to join us. This afternoon Zhang Yang and I have come here to ask you to our party. But it happens that you are not at home. So we leave this note for you. Please come to Class 1, Grade 3 on time. You’ll receive a warm welcome.
Yours,
Wang Kai
第七节 贺卡
圣诞节就要来临，新年的钟声即将敲响，节日的气氛越来越浓，相信大家都已经收到了不少节日的礼物，当然有不少的贺卡，那麽大家知道如何用英语来写贺卡吗？我们今天就学习如何用英语写贺卡。
一、贺卡的格式
贺卡的格式一般有三部分组成：称呼、贺词、祝贺人签名
1. 称呼：指祝贺人对受贺人的称呼，如To dear teacher, To my dearest father and mother ,To my dear friend 等。也有前面不加to的，如Mr and Mrs Green.称呼一般写在贺卡的左上方。
2. 贺词：通常写一些固定的贺节用语，如Merry Christmas. Many happiness returns of the day.(恭贺圣诞，岁岁似今朝。)；With best wishes for a happy New Year! (祝新年快乐，并致以良好的祝福。)，这一部分也可根据实际情况写一些简短的表示感谢和良好祝愿 的话。
3. 祝贺人签名：写在贺卡的右下方。姓名的前面通常要加from，如From your student Lily, From Mr and Mrs Green，但前面也b有不加from的。
4. 格式
二、固定的贺节用语
A. 圣诞节的贺词
1. May the Christmas candle bring you peace and happiness. 愿圣诞之夜的烛光，带给你温馨和芬芳。
2. Best wishes at Christmas. I miss you. 圣诞的祝福，真诚的思念。
3. Mountains and rivers cannot separate us. Merry Christmas. 远隔千山万水，也隔不断我对你的思念。祝你圣诞快乐。
4. Let’s share the happiness of Christmas. 让我们一同分享这快乐的圣诞
5. At this happy moment. I miss you very much. 在这幸福的时刻，我更加的怀念你。
6. May peace and happiness be your every moment of the Christmas tide. 在这特别的日子里，愿这小小的圣诞贺卡，带去我对你特别的思念
7. Stars are shining. May Santa Claus come to you with joys and happiness. 星光闪烁，圣诞老人来到你的床前，将欢乐与祝福，洒满你的房间。
8. May the spirit of Christmas bring you joys and happiness all through the New Year. 圣诞老人的祝福，陪伴着你，保佑着你，地久天长。
9. With music, candle and bell may peace and happiness be with you. 乐声环绕，烛光闪烁，钟声飘向远方，让幸福、安康、快乐，降临到你和家人的旁边。
10. Red candle, pine tree and Christmas are greeting you, wishing youth and happiness be yours. 红烛、松树、圣辰，祝福你，我的友人，青春永驻，幸福长在。
11. Three hundred and sixty-five miles, everywhere be filled with my season greeting. Three hundred and sixty-five days, everywhere be touched with my warmest blessing. 365里路，每一步都有我的圣诞祝福；365个日夜，每一天都有我温馨的问候。
12. More friendship-and friendship-closer and closer to our hearts. 圣诞快乐，好友，我们的情谊，更加深厚；我们的心灵，愈加相印。
13. My wishes come to you with the flying snow. May you be happy at Christmas and always. 我的心和雪花一起，飘落到你的门前，祝福，等待着你；快乐，每一个圣诞。
14. Merry Christmas. Many happiness returns of the day. 恭贺圣诞，岁岁似今朝。
15. May the angel bring you peace, happiness, joys and fortunes. 愿可爱的小天使带给你平安，幸福，快乐和如意。
B. 新年祝福用语
1. Best Wishes For You! Good luck, good health, good cheer. I wish you a happy New Year. 祝好运、健康、佳肴伴你度过一个快乐新年。
2. With best wishes for a happy New Year! 祝新年快乐，并致以良好的祝福。
3. I hope you have a most happy and prosperous New Year. 谨祝新年快乐幸福，大吉大利。
4. With the compliments of the season. 祝贺佳节。
5. May the season’s joy fill you all the year round. 愿节日的愉快伴你一生。
6. Season’s greetings and best wishes for the New Year. 祝福您，新年快乐。
7. Please accept my season’s greetings. 请接受我节日的祝贺。
8. To wish you joy at this holy season. Wishing every happiness will always be with you. 恭祝新年吉祥，幸福和欢乐与你同在。
9. Good health, good luck and much happiness throughout the year. 恭祝健康、幸运，新年快乐。
10. May the joy and happiness around you today and always. 愿快乐幸福永伴你左右。
11. Please accept my sincere wishes for the New Year. I hope you will continue to enjoy good health. 请接受我诚挚的新年祝福，顺祝身体健康。
12. Allow me to congratulate you on the arrival of the New Year and to extend to you all my best wishes for your perfect health and lasting prosperity. 恭贺新禧，祝身体健康、事业发达。
13. Best wishes for the holidays and happiness throughout the New Year. 恭贺新禧，万事如意。
14. With very best wishes for your happiness in the New Year. 致以最良好的祝福，原你新年快乐幸福。
15. Please accept our wishes for you and yours for a happy New Year. 请接受我们对你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你们新年快乐。
May the coming New Year bring you joy, love and peace. 愿新年为你带来快乐，友爱和宁静。
16. Wishing you happiness during the holidays and throughout the New Year. 祝节日快乐，新年幸福。
17. A happy New Year to you. 恭贺新年。
18. Season’s greetings and sincere wishes for a bright and happy New Year! 献上节日的问候与祝福,愿你拥有一个充满生机和欢乐的新年。
19. I give you endless brand-new good wishes. Please accept them as a new remembrance of our lasting friendship. 给你我无尽的新的祝福，让它们成为我们永恒友谊的新的纪念。
20. Good luck and great success in the coming New Year. 祝来年好运，并取得更大的成就。
21. On the occasion of the New Year, may my wife and I extend to you and yours our warmest greetings, wishing you a happy New Year, your career greater success and your family happiness. 在此新年之际，我同夫人向你及你的家人致以节日的问候，并祝你们新年快乐、事业有成、家庭幸福。
22. May everything beautiful and best be condensed into this card. I sincerely wish you happiness, cheerfulness and success. 愿一切最美好的祝福都能用这张贺卡表达，真诚地祝你幸福、快乐、成功！
C. 新春赠言
1. Best wishes for the year to come! 恭贺新禧！
2. Good luck in the year ahead! 祝吉星高照！
3. May you come into a good fortune! 恭喜发财！
4. Live long and proper! 多福多寿！
5. May many fortunes find their way to you! 祝财运亨通！
6. I want to wish you longevity and health! 愿你健康长寿！
7. Take good care of yourself in the year ahead. 请多保重！
8. Wishing you many future successes. 祝你今后获得更大成就。
9. On this special day I send you New Year’s greetings and hope that some day soon we shall be together. 在这特殊的日子，向你致以新年的祝福，希望不久我们能相聚在一起。
10. I would like to wish you a joyous new year and express my hope for your happiness and good future. 祝新年快乐，并愿你幸福吉祥，前程似锦。
11. May the New Year bring many good things and rich blessings to you and all those you love! 愿新年带给你和你所爱的人许多美好的事物和无尽的祝福！
12. Rich blessings for health and longevity is my special wish for you in the coming year. 祝你在新的一年里身体健康，多福多寿。
[实例点评]
在教师节到来之际，请你以杨蓓的名义给教师写一张贺卡。
[写作指导] 从题目的要求看，这是写给教师的贺卡，祝贺教师节。因是写给长辈的，所以用词要有分寸。
[参考范文]
To my dear teacher,
Happy Teachers’ Day!
I hope you’ll have a very happy year in our class.
Best wishes!
From (your student) Yang Bei
[强化训练]
1. 你班英语老师生病住院，时逢教师节，同学们去看望他。请按以下提示写一张贺卡。内容如下：
1) 祝教师节快乐。
2) 送上鲜花及祝愿。
3) 希望早日康复。
2. 9月10日(September 10th)是我国的教师节。在教师节这一天，请你用英语给辛勤培育你们的老师们写张贺卡，祝他们节日快乐。
[参考范文]
1. To our English teacher,
Happy Teachers’ Day!
Some flowers for you, with our best wishes! Hope you’ll get well soon!
From your students
2. 范文1
Dear Sir,
You are like a third parent. We all love you.
From all your students
范文2
To My Dearest Mr Wang,
With Best Wishes for Teachers’ Day！
Your student, Kate
范文3
To Mr Hu,
We all like having you as our teacher. We are grateful for all that you have done for us.
From your students
第八节 启事
启事是为了公开声明某事而登在报刊上或张贴在布告栏上的文字。启事的格式一般由四部分组成，即启事的名称、正文、写启事的单位或个人的名字以及启事的日期。正文的内容要写得简明扼要，姓名通常写在右下方，日期写在单位及姓名的下面。有些启事还详细写出自己的通讯地址、邮政编码或电话号码等，便于有关单位或个人前来联系。
[实例点评]
假如你是周兰，是初三(2)班的学生。9月15日晚上，你把一只黑色书包遗失在学校的阅览室，包内有一只铅笔盒和几本书。请根据以上内容写一篇寻物启事。你的联系电话是0514-6482456。
[写作指导] 这是一篇寻物启事，首先在第一行的中间写上Lost，然后写明丢失何物以及何时何地丢失，最后写希望拾到者与你联系，同时写上你所在的班级和电话号码。
[参考范文]
Lost
A black bag with a pencil-box and some books was left in the school reading room on the evening of September 15. Will the finder please come to Class 2, Grade 3 or ring 0514-6482456
Zhou Lan
Sept.16
[强化训练]
1. 世界大学生运动会期间，假设你是志愿者，为运动会服务。8月27日上午你在体育馆(gymnasium)捡到眼镜一副。请你用英语写一则失物招领，让失主打电话010-50843215，与你联系。
2. 你是王萌，今天(7月15日)上午在图书馆读书时把手表弄丢了，请你写一则寻物启事。时间为上午10：00。
3. 图书管理员马鑫玉在打扫卫生时突然发现地上有块手表。请你写一则失物招领。时间为7月15日下午2：00。
[参考范文]
1. Found
A pair of glasses was found in the gymnasium on the morning of August 27th. Will the owner please ring 010-50843215 to contact me
2. Lost
Dear teachers and friends,
I lost my watch when reading in the library at about 10:00 this morning.
If you find it, please give it back to me with my thanks.
Wang Meng
July 15
3. Found
Dear teachers and students,
I found a watch lying on the ground when cleaning the library at about 2:00 this afternoon.
Please the owner come here and get it.
Ma Xinyu
July 15
第十节：海报
海报是用来告知广大群众有关戏剧、电影以及球赛活动的一种带有宣传广告性质的招贴。 标题常用 “Football Match ”或 “ Poster ”等字样。正文为具体内容、活动时间、地点以及参加规定等。
单位署名通常放在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行。
第十一节：调查报告，倡议：
【2012南昌】五、书面表达(15分)
某中学生英文报为了了解中学生的购物习惯与喜好，向广大中学生作调查。请你根据下面图表提供的信息，写一篇短文，介绍自己的购物习惯与喜好。（21世纪教育网精校）
提示：1．短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯；
2．短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；
3．词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
I 'm a junior high school student from Jiangxi.
满分作文欣赏： I'm a junior high school student from Jiangxi. In my spare time, I like shopping. There is a supermarket in my town. Lots of things are being sold there. So I often go there with my mother to buy school things, food and drinks.
Of course, sometimes I want to buy something expensive. An MP4 player is what I want most, but I can't afford it now. I'm going to work for an English club during this summer holiday and make some money for it. We teenagers should not always ask our parents for money.
As for shopping online, I like it, because things there are much cheaper and I don't need to walk to the shops, which helps me save time. No matter where to shop, I enjoy it because it's really relaxing。
【2012 江苏宿迁】七、书面表达（满分15分）
江苏省教育厅5月7日公布的2011年学生体质健康调查结果显示，学生近视率仍维持在高位水平，且越来越低龄化。请根据下表所提示的内容，用英语写一篇短文，并发表自己的观点。
现 状 大约70%学生眼睛近视
主要原因 1. 睡眠不足2. 长时间看书、做作业、用电脑等
预防方法 1. 做眼睛保健操，多进行体育活动2. 养成正确的用眼习惯
你的观点 … ….（至少一条）
注意：
1. 词数80左右。开头已经写好，不记入总词数；
2. 内容必须包括上表中的要点，可作必要的发挥；
3. 条理清楚、语句连贯；
4．文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名等信息。
（参考词汇：近视的 shortsighted）
The survey shows that many students have become shortsighted at a very young age. At present,
满分作文欣赏：The survey shows that many students have become shortsighted at a very young age. At present, about 70% of the students are shortsighted. Here are some main causes.
Some students may not have enough sleep. Some students spend too much time reading or doing their homework without a rest. Some students even like to watch TV or use computers for a long time.
In order to have good eyesight, we should do eye exercises every day. We can also try to do more sports in our spare time. We should have the good habit of using our eyes.
I think all of us should understand the importance of protecting eyes and try our best to protect them.
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