宾语从句讲解重点知识点
一、定义:用句子做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句,在主从复合句中充当宾语。
二、宾语从句分类:
1. 动词宾语从句:位于动词后面的宾语从句。
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
2. 介词宾语从句:位于介词后面的宾语从句。
I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
3. 形容词宾语从句:位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。
三、引导词:
1. that
由陈述句充当的宾语从句用that引导,在宾语从句中that没有实际含义,不做任何成分(口语或非正式文体中可省略)。
-What did your teacher say this morning -你的老师今早说什么了?
-She told us that we would have a test soon -她告诉我们不久要有一次测试。
2. whether/if(建议书面表达多用whether, if多用于口语中)
把一般疑问句变成宾语从句时,使用whether/if引导,表“是否”的意思,在从句中不充当任何成分,语序也由原来的疑问句语序变成陈述语序,句尾的标点取决于主句。
Could you tell me whether/if there is going to be a meeting in Guangzhou next week
你能告诉我是否下周在广州会有一个会议吗?
连接代词:what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose
连接副词:where, when, how, why
宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,需要用连接词来做引导词,也就是用原来的特殊疑问词,连接代词在宾语从句中做主、宾、表(即名词充当的成分)和定语(形容词充当的成分),不能省略;连接副词在宾语从句中做状语,也不能省略。
-Can you tell me how long it takes to travel to Dalian -你能告诉我去大连旅行会花多少时间吗? —About two hours by plane.-大约乘飞机两小时。
典型列句:
Tell me what you want.(宾语)
Do you know who will come at the meeting (主语)
Please tell me which school you want to go (定语)
I don’t know when the meeting will be held (时间状语)
He explained to me why he was absent.(原因状语)
Please write down whatever he is saying.(宾语)
以下连接代词在从句中做表语:
Could you tell me who he is (who既是连接词,又在从句中充当表语)
Please tell me who that girl is. 请告诉我那个姑娘是谁。
She had demanded to know whose the child was. 她要求知道这孩子是谁的。
四、宾语从句时态与语序:
1. 宾语从句时态的变化规律:
当主句是现在时,宾语从句可据需要取任何时态;当主句是过去时,宾语从句用过去的某种时态。另外,如果是指自然现象或是普遍真理时,用一般现在时。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
口诀:主现从不限/随便,主过从必过,客自用一现。
2. 宾语从句的语序变化:
a. 宾语从句使用陈述句语序,当陈述句变成宾语从句时,语序不变。
特别注意: I wonder what is happening over there 为主谓宾结构的陈述语序!
b. 一般疑问句变成宾语从句时语序要变成陈述句语序,用whether,if连接。
一般疑问句:Does he study hard 他学习认真吗
宾语从句:I wonder if(whether)he studies hard.我不知道他是否认真学习。
c. 特殊疑问变成宾语从句时,语序要变为陈述句语序,用连接代词或副词。
特殊疑问句:Who is he 他是谁
宾语从句:Do you know who he is 你知道他是谁吗
d. 感叹句做宾从:
You can’t imagine how interesting computer games are.
You can’t imagine what interesting games I am playing.
f. It作形式宾语:
We all thought it a pity that the conference should haven been cancelled.
He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1. 引导宾语从句的连接词的选择 2. 宾语从句的语序 3. 宾语从句的时态考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。