2022年中考英语定宾状三大从句课件(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
2022年中考英语状宾定三大从句复习
（冲刺版）
2022. 5.25
三大从句考点概览
辽宁2019-2021 宾语从句考情概览
①语序＋时态(3次)；
②语序＋引导词(2021.9)；
③语序＋主语单复数；
④引导词和语序(2020.10)和完形填空中考查宾语从句的引导词(2020.19)。
宾从在句中位置
熟记 例
动词 常接宾语从句的动词agree, explain, know, suggest建议, believe, feel, say, think, complain抱怨, decide, doubt, find, guess, hear, hope, know, point out指出, realize意识到, remember, show, suppose假设, suspect怀疑, tell Can you imagine how much he paid for that I expect that the weather will be fine.
动词+介词 Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip
动词短语 keep in mind, make sure, make up one’s mind Make sure that you get here before noon.Keep in mind that you should turn off the light when you leave.keep in mind, make sure, make up one’s mind
形式宾语it believe, consider, find, feel, make, think后接宾语从句，用it做形式宾语 I think it necessary that we read some books every day.1 feel it a pity that I haven't been to the party.
介词 一般wh-从句besides, but, except可以接that从句 They are talking about what happened yesterday.I don't know what he looks like, except that he's very tall.
形容词 sorry,sure,afraid,glad,happy,pleased, satisfied, surprised, certain I am glad that all of you have arrived at the place on time.It's too late. I am afraid that can't catch the train.
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句用陈述语序：主语在前，谓语在后
Do you know where he lives Can you tell me how I can get to the underground station
当特殊疑问词充当宾从主语时，不需要改变语序。 I just want to know who did it.
宾语从句为what’s wrong/the matter/the trouble/the problem, 语序不变 I didn't know what was the matter.
宾语从句的时态
主句一般过去时从句时态用相应的过去时态 Tom told me (that) Peter had gone to the airport.I heard (that) he Would give us a talk.I was pleased that my father helped those people.
主句一般现在时或一般将来时从句时态无需改变 I don't know that Tom has been here for two days.I will take back what I said.I’m sorry (that) I will trouble you.
宾语从句是客观真理或规律时，用一般现在时，不受主句影响 Our teacher said that January______(be) the first month of the year.Tom told me that the earth ___________(go)around the sun.
宾语从句的连接词
从属连词that 宾语从句为陈述句，that可省略，语法词，没有实际意义 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.I am sure (that) he will succeed.I believe (that) you have done your best.
连词if/whether 宾语从句为一般疑问句，“是否” I want to know if/whether he lives there.He asked me if/whether I could help him.
只用whether不用if whether…or not I don't know whether he will come or not.
介词+whether We are talking about whether we will go there tomorrow.
whether to do We haven't decided whether to go there tomorrow.
whether从句位于句首 Whether they will attend the meeting, I don't care.
连接代词 who, whom, whose, what， which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whosever, whatever, whichever Do you know whom they are playing with He asked me whose English was the best in our class.He asked who could do it by himself.Do you know what they are doing there
连接副词 when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever Can you tell me where the nearest supermarket is Do you know when the train leaves
宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓语动词是think, expect, believe, guess, imagine, suppose等从句否定要转移到主句 I don't believe he will come here on time.（）I believe he won't come here on time.（）
宾语从句的简化及特殊情况
宾从和主句主语一致主句谓语为agree, decide, hope, wish We have decided that we will go there by air.We have decided______________________________
I hope that I will hear from you soon.
I hope______________________________________
forget, know, learn, remember I forget which bus I should take.
I forget which bus _______________
seem It seems that he is a very nice person.
He ___________________________ a very nice person.
宾语从句简化成名词或短语 I don't believe what he told me.=I don't believe __________________________.
suggest：建议 suggest doing接宾语从句(should)+动词原形We suggest (that) he (should) go on a diet.
辽宁2019-2021 状语从句考情概览
①引导时间状语从句的连词：while(2019.12)，before(2019.15)；
②引导条件状语从句的连词：unless(2021.9)；
③引导原因状语从句的连词：because(2020.24)
④引导让步状语从句的连词although(2020.8)。
时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as连词来引导。It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。What shall we do if it snows tomorrow Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.He won’t be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。 Study hard and you will pass the exam. = If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。He didn’t come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。Why aren’t going there ---Because I don’t want to.As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.（天花板）有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema（去看电影） with you.
比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。Tom runs faster than John does.
目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that（为了，以便）引导。We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.
(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)
让步状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though(尽管，虽然）等连词引导。Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.
(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。并且句子中不能再用but。我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或者：It was raining hard, but he still went out.（二者单独用，但是汉语翻译的时候，可以把but的含义“但是”翻译出来）
地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。
例如：Where there is a will, there is a way.
总结
时间状语从句　　when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once（一旦）
地点状语从句　　where, wherever
原因状语从句　　because, since, as, for, now that（既然，由于）目的状语从句　　in order that(为了，以便), so that结果状语从句　　so…that, so that, such…that, that
条件状语从句　　if, unless, as(so)long as
让步状语从句　　though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever比较状语从句　　as…as, so…as, than
方式状语从句　　as, as if, as though
辽宁2019-2021 定语从句考情概览
沈阳近3年中考真题虽未考查过定语从句，但它是课标要求学生理解的内容。
定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
关系词及分类
关系词用法
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？（作宾语）
注意
（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
注意
（4）. 关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
注意
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：What‘s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
关系副词用法
关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) （1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
三大从句真题练习
1. (2019重庆)--Dear friends, do you still remember __three years ago ---To realize our dreams.A.why you came here B. why did you come hereC.how you came here D. how did you come here2.(2019南京)---I wonder______ --Someone who can make a better person.A. when you often meet your friends B. how you make your friends happyC. who you want to make friends with D. where you spend weekends with friends3.(2019成都)---Could you please tell me___ ---Sure. On Friday afternoon.A. where the book sale is B.when the book sale is
C.what the book sale is about D. that the book sale is4. (2020青岛)---Could you tell me ____tomorrow ---It will be sunny.A. what will the weather be like B. what the weather will be likeC.When will the weather be sunny D. when the weather will be sunny5.(2019黄冈)--I don’t know __during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice ---How about visiting Beijing International Horticultural Expo A. what should I do B. when should I go
C.what I should do D.when I should go
6. (2019北京)--Did you notice____in her office ---Yes. She was going over our writing.A. what was Miss Lin doing B. what Miss Lin was doingC.what does Miss Lin do D. what Miss Lin does7. (2019天津)---Could you tell me ___for the fruit --By paying over the Internet.A. how much will I pay B. how much I will payC.how will I pay D. how I will pay8. (2020广东)Have you decided ___the Expo 2019 Beijing This summer holiday.A. how are you going to B. how you are going to C.when are you going to D.when you are going to9.(2019山西)---Some schools have used smart uniforms. I wonder ____. ---They can tell parents where their children are.A. who invented them B. what they are used for
C.when students wear them D. that they used for10.(2019福建)We don’t know___, but it tells us the importance of the friendship.A. what the story is about B. whether the story is true
C. when did the story take place D. where it take place
11.(2019扬州)--Kate, do you know____ ---I’m not sure. Maybe a Bird-watching Society worker.A. where can I watch birds B. what is the man with a camera.C.where I can watch birds D. what the man with a camera is12. (2020泰州)---Next Friday is my mother’s birthday. I’m thinking about ____. ---Good boy! And please give my best wishes to her.A. what present I gave her B. how I can give her a surpriseC. if I planned a party for her D. where will my family have a big deal13. (2021宿迁)---What did Mr. Wang ask you just now ---He asked me _____yesterday afternoon.A. why I am absent from school B.why I was absent from schoolC.why am I absent from school D.why was I absent from school14(2019临沂).Are babies carefree A new study from the US says that 2-year-old babies care about___.A. how others saw them B.how do others see them
C.how others see them D. what others see them15. (2019滨州)---Could you tell me ____ ---Sure. Go down the streets, you can find it at the second crossing.A. where is the supermarket B.where the supermarket isB. when does the supermarket open D. when the supermarket opens
ACBBC BDDBB DBBCB
1. (2019广东)Not all children ___watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.A. whom B. which C. who D. whose2. (2020河南)---Do you know the boy over there ---The one ___is holding a ball Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil.A. what B. which C. who D. whose3. (2021福建)Du Fuguo is a hero ____is known to millions of Chinese people.A. who B. which C. what D. whose4. (2019成都)---The boy ___lost is crying there. ----How do you know he gets lost A. whose B. who C. who’s D. what5. (2019长沙)China is getting better at making hi-tech products ___can be bought in all parts of the world.A. who B. which C. what D. whose
6. (2019黄冈)---Tomorrow is Father’s Day. What’s your surprise for your father ----The first thing___I will do is to make a card for him.A. who B. where C. whose D. that7. (2020淮安)The charities have helped more children with the money ___people raise.A. who B. what C. where D. which8. (2019滨州)--Do you know the man ____spoke at the meeting just now ---No, I don’t know.A. what B. who C. which D. whose9. (2021湘潭)On Monday April 15, 2019, the fire___broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world.A. that B. who C. where D. what
10. (2019随州)---What kind of movies do you like ----I prefer movies ___give me something to think about.A. that B. what C. where D. whose
11. (2021鄂州)--Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV ---Sure. It’s great TV program ___can develop the habit of reading.A. who B. that C. waht D. whose12. (2019甘肃)I prefer music ___has great lyrics.A. who B. whose C. that D. what13. (2020兰州)The movie ___I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.A. who B. which C. where D. when14. (2019遂宁)My mother doesn’t like stories ___have sad endings.A. that B. who C. where D. those
CCACB DDBAA BCBA
1. (2019成都)---You are not supposed to enter the teachers’ office ___. ---Thanks, Mom. I got it.A. unless you are allowed to B. if you want to ask questionsC.when you are asked to come in
D. if you ask to come in2. (2020南充)---Daddy, when will we go out to fly a kite ---As soon as the rain____.A. is stopping B. stopped C. will stop D. stops3.(2019湘西)---We will go for a picnic if it ___this Sunday. ---Sounds great.A. won’t rain B. is sunny C. will be sunny D. rain
ADB
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