Module 3 Body Language and Non-Verbal Communication

课件19张PPT。Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal
Communication
核心单词
1. vary
vi. 变化;变动;改变
常用结构：
vary from ...to ...从……到……情况不等
vary in ...在某方面不同
vary with ...随……变化
The colour of leaves varies with weather.
叶子的颜色随着天气的变化而变化。
The students of the class vary in age from 7 to 13.
这个班的学生年龄从7岁到13岁不等。
variety n.种类；种种；多样性
various adj.不同的，各种各样的
a variety of 各种各样的；一种……的变体
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
易混辨析
vary/change
vary侧重指“变化”；强调“有所不同”。
change指“使发生以新代旧的变化”或“使改变得与原物完全不同”。
Try not to start every sentence with “the”. Vary the beginning of your sentences.
尽量不要让每个句子都以the开头，让你的句子开头有所变化。
2. gesture
n. 作“手势”讲时一般用作可数名词，但当表示整体概念时，常作不可数名词；作“姿势，表示”讲时用作可数名词。
v. 打手势；示意
English people do not use as much gesture as Italians.
英国人不如意大利人用的手势多。
He said that he would help, but I’m sure it was only a gesture.
他说他会帮我的，但我相信这只不过是一种表示而已。
We show respect for people by using different gestures.
我们用不同的姿势来表示对别人的尊敬。She was gesturing so excitedly that I knew something was wrong.
她激动得直打手势，我知道出问题了。
常用结构：
make a friendly gesture to sb. 向某人作友善的表示
He made a rude gesture with his fingers.
他用手指做了一个不礼貌的手势。
3. communicate
vt.传递信息，交流
常用结构：
communicate sth. to sb.传达（新闻，消息，感情）；传递（运动）。其后面常跟事物名词作宾语。
communicate with通信息，联系，谋求思想的沟通，相通
She communicated her intention to me.
她把她的意向告诉了我。
They communicated the news to me yesterday.
=They communicated me the news yesterday.
他们昨天把那个消息告诉了我。 Young people should often communicate with their parents.
年轻人应该经常同他们的父母沟通。
My garden communicates with the garden next door by means of a gate.
我的花园与隔壁的花园有门相通。
communication n. 通信，联络；交通或通讯工具
Among the deaf and dumb, communication may be carried on by means of the fingers alphabet.
聋哑人借助手语传达意思。
Language is a major means of communication.
语言是主要的交际工具。
4. deal
n. 协议；交易
v. 经营；买卖；处理
常用结构：
make/do/conclude a deal with sb.与某人达成一笔交易
a great/good deal of大量的;许多的
deal in ...在某方面经营生意
deal with处理；与……做生意；涉及；论述
It is a deal. (口语)成交/就这么办吧！
He didn’t know how to deal with the problem.
他不知道如何处理这个问题。
I’ll make a deal with you; you help me with my math homework and I’ll clean the floor for you.
我想和你做一笔交易，你帮我做数学作业而我帮你打扫地板。
5. involve
v. 包括；涉及；卷入
常用结构：
involve sb. in (doing) sth.
使某人参与（做）某事，使某人牵扯到某事中
be/get/become involved in 卷入……之中;专心于The job involves a lot of travelling. 这份工作需要经常出差。
He became involved in the criminal activities.
他与这次犯罪活动有关。
Please don’t involve me in your family arguments.
别把我牵扯进你们的家庭争执中去。
He was involved in working out a plan all night.
他整个晚上都在聚精会神地制定计划。
involved adj. 复杂的，有牵连的，有关的
易混辨析
involve/include/contain
这三个词都有“包括”的意思。involve指使包括的事物成为必然的结果或条件；include指所含的东西只是整体的一部分；contain是全部包括，另外还可表示与所包含的东西是一个有机整体，不可分割。
There are five people in the car, including two children.
车上有五个人，包括两个小孩。The whole book contains 12 units, including two mainly revisions.这本书总共有12个单元，包括2个复习单元。
Being a sailor involves long periods away from home.
作为海员，就必然会长期不在家。
6. favour
n. 好意，帮助，恩惠；喜爱，宠爱；偏爱
常用结构：
ask sb. a favour=ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
do sb. a favour=do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙
in favour of 支持，赞同
in sb.’s favour 对某人有利
out of favour 失宠的;不流行的
find/lose favour with sb. 得/失宠于某人
Can you do me a favour to take a picture of me?
你能帮个忙，给我拍张照吗？
A mother shouldn’t show too much favour to one of her children. 母亲不应偏袒任 何一个孩子。
Everyone is in favour of Tom?s proposal.
每个人都赞同汤姆的计划。
favourable adj. 赞同的；嘉评的
favourite adj. 最喜爱的
7. spread
vi. 张开；传播；流传；通知
She is the sort of woman who enjoys spreading rumours.
她是那种喜欢散布谣言的女人。
News of the explosion spread swiftly.
关于发生爆炸的消息迅速传播开来。
Paper making began in China and from here it spread to North Africa and Europe. 造纸术起源于中国并且从中国传播到北非和欧洲。
8. stare
vi. 凝视；盯着看
It?s not polite to stare at people for a long time.
长时间盯着人看是不礼貌的。Stop staring out of the window and do some work.
别盯着窗外看了，快点干活吧。
Do you like being stared at?你喜欢被人注视吗？
常用结构：
being staring sb. in the face 清楚地摆在某人面前
The book I was looking for was staring me in the face.
我找的书就摆在我面前。
The solution is staring at you in the face.
解决方法就明显地摆在你面前。
易混辨析
stare/glare/glance
stare 指由于生气、害怕或吃惊而睁大眼睛注视某物。
glare 指怒目而视。
glance 指快速地看某人或某物一眼。
She glanced shyly at him from behind her fan.
她羞涩地从她的扇子后面看了他一眼。Everyone glared at the two who kept talking when the others were studying in the classroom.教室里其他人都在学习而那两个人不停地讲话，大家都瞪着他们。
9. require
n.&v.请求;需求
易混辨析
require/demand/request/ask/order
require表示“要求”，含有“要求履行”的意思，表示根据权利要求对方做到某事。
The situation requires that we should be calm.
形势要求我们保持镇静。
This job requires you to be very careful and quick-thinking.
这项工作要求你们非常细心并且反应要快。
demand 表示“权威性地和断然地向对方提出要求”，它和require相比较，具有更加积极和更加强硬的口气。
I demand that you leave here.
我要求你离开这里。They demanded an immediate answer from Jack.
他们要求杰克立刻做出回答。
注意：当它的主语是物时，意为“必须具备”。
This work demands care and patience.
这项工作需要仔细和耐心。
request表示“通过正式手续或者非常有礼貌地请求对方做某事”。
I request them to stop making such a noise.
我请求他们不要再制造这种嗓音。
All that I request of you is that you should be early.
我所要求的只是你应该早些来。
注意：request是一种书面语，平时在口语中，尤其是在家庭成员和亲密朋友之间常用ask代替。
ask 表示“要求，请求”，是最常用的词。
I ask him to come with me.我请他和我一起来。
order 表示“命令”，是上级要求下级办到的事情，具有强制性。
The officer ordered that the work (should) be started after dark
军官下令天黑开始工作。重点短语
10. hold up
举起；抬起；阻碍；使停止；支撑
Can you hold up the stone for some minutes?
你能举起这块石头持续几分钟吗？
We were held up by the traffic.
交通堵塞把我们耽误了。
联想拓展
hold back 阻挡，抑制；隐瞒， 保留；踌躇不前
hold on=hang in 等一会儿，别挂（打电话时）；坚持；继续
hold down 压制，镇压；缩减
hold on to 紧紧抓住；保留；留下，不卖（某物）
hold out 伸出；维持；保持
hold sb. up as 将某人作为榜样
11. give away
赠送；泄露；丧失；牺牲；分发，颁发
Don’t give away my secret. 不要泄露我的秘密。he mayor gave away the prizes at the sports meet.
市长在运动会上颁发奖品。
He gave away most of his money to charity.
他把大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。
In any way, you never give away the good chance.
无论如何，你不要丧失了好机会。
联想拓展
give up 放弃；让出，让座；停止做，断绝
give in 屈服；投降；交上
give off 散发出（光、热、烟、气、味等）
give out 分发（=hand out）；发出，放出；用完，耗尽；分布；发布（消息）
give rise to 引起;造成
give way 让路，让步；垮掉；崩溃
give way to 给……让路/让步；被……代替
12. be on guard（保持）警惕，心存戒备
Be on guard against pickpockets.
当心扒手。
The sentry is on guard.
那名哨兵在担任警戒。
13. make a deal (with ...)
(与……)做成交易，达成协议
We made a deal with the management on overtime.
我们加班与管理人员达成了一项协议。
They both wanted to use the car, so they made a deal.
他们都想用车，于是他们达成了一项协议。
14. more than
不仅仅；多于，超过
more than用于比较级，当后面接数词时，表示“超过，多于”；后面接名词、形容词、动词时，表示抽象的意义,意为“不仅仅;非常，十分”。
It is more than a museum; it’s a school.
这不仅仅是一个博物馆，还是一所学校。I’m more than happy to help you.我非常乐意帮助你。
It cost me more than $100.这个花了我100多美元。
联想拓展
more A than B与其说是B， 不如说是A（连接两个并列成分）
no more than=only 仅仅;不过（后接数字）；正是（后接名词）
not more than=at most 至多（后接数字）
no more ...than 和……一样不……（对双方否定）
not more ... than 比不上……;不及……（对双方加以肯定，但程度不同）
more than a little 非常;很
less than（=not at all） 少于；一点也不
no less than(=as much as) 不少于；多达
not less than 至少
15. by accident
碰巧（意思等同于accidentally，by chance）
I discovered the fossil quite by accident.
我发现这块化石纯属偶然。
联想拓展
by 除了可以引导交通类的方式状语外，还可以构成一些习语，如：
I took his umbrella by mistake. 我错拿了他的伞。
The position of the enemy was taken by surprise in half a day.
敌人阵地在半天内就被出其不意地攻下了。
注意:这些词组大多不用冠词，也不用复数。
重点句型
16. In Russia, you should make a toast every time you take a sip from your glass.
在俄国，你每一次从杯子里抿一小口时，都要向别人祝酒。
every time 每次，这里用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
联想拓展
类似的名词作从属连词的还有：
the first (second, ...)time 第一（二，……）次
next time 下次
each time 每次
the moment/minute/second ...（=as soon as） 一……就……
the instant(=as soon as)一……就……
Every time he comes to see us, he will buy some wonderful gifts.他每次来看我们时，都会买一些精美的礼物。
I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.
我第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。
17. But we don’t clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are.
但是无论一个电视节目或一本书是多么好，我们都不会在它们结束时鼓掌。
however 无论，不管，这里用作连词，相当于no matter how, 引导让步状语从句。从句的结构一般是“however+adj./adv.+主+谓”；另外，however还可用作副词，表示转折，意为“然而，可是”。
However late he went back home, his mother was waiting for him.无论他回家多么晚，他的母亲都等着他。
易混辨析
however/but/while/though
however adv. 意为“然而，不过”，通常置于句首或句中，有时也可置于句末，语气比but弱，常用逗号与句子隔开。
but conj.意为“但是”，表示转折，连接两个分句，语气较强。 while conj.意为“而”，表示转折，同时强调两者的对比，连接两个分句。
though adv.意为“然而，不过”，表示补充附带说明某个情况，一般放于句末，用逗号与句子隔开。
构词法
Ⅰ.利用派生法，品句填词
1. An international team reported last week that the virus is so destructive, it can even _____ unborn children, so we’ll consider how humans can prevent the spread of this _____ virus by taking action. (infect)
2. If he prays for courage, you say god gives him _____, or he gives him an opportunity to be ______? (courage)
答案:
1. infect; infectious 2. courage; courageous
Ⅱ.串联扩展
在横线上填入适当的单词或词义答案:1.numerous 2.连续不断的 3.nervous 4.反抗的 5.危险的 6.poisonous 7.多山的 8.humourous