中考专项复习--被动语态

课件50张PPT。被 动 语 态主动语态be的谓语形式总结(1)主+am/ is/ are…
主+ am/ is/ are + being
主+ will + be…
主+ has been…
He is a leader.
He is being here.
He will be a leader.
He has been a leader.
主动语态be的谓语形式总结(2)主+was/ were…
主+ was/ were + being
主+ would + be…
主+ had been…
He was a leader.
He was being here just now.
He would be a leader.
He had been a leader several years ago.基 础 知 识一、什么是被动语态？
英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。
1. 定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。2. 被动语态的构成：
被字句：主语+ be +动词过去分词(v-ed) +by sb.
我打他 I beat him. (打过了)
他被我打=他打被我 He was beaten by me.
他喜欢她 He likes her.
她喜欢被他 She is liked by him. (am/ is / are).被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。被动语态:主+ be +过去分词+(by sb)1. He eats the apple.
2. He ate the apple.
3. He is eating the apple.
4. He was eating the apple.
5. He will eat the apple.
6. He would eat the apple.
7. He has eaten the apple.
8. He had eaten the apple.1. The apple is eaten by him.
2. The apple was eaten by him.
3. The apple is being eaten by
him.
4. The apple was being eaten by
him.
5. The apple will be eaten by him.
6. The apple would be eaten by
him.
7. The apple has been eaten by
him.
8. The apple had been eaten by
him.二、时态和被动语态的对应(1)他们平时玩这个游戏。
这个游戏被他们玩。
一般现在时
They play the game.
The game is played by them.被动语态：主+am/ is/ are+ V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+V +...时态和被动语态的对应(2)他们以前玩这个游戏。
这个游戏以前被他们玩。
一般过去时They played the game.
The game was played by them.被动语态：主+was/ were+ V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+ V-ed +...时态和被动语态的对应(3)他们正在玩这个游戏。
这个游戏正在被他们玩。
现在进行时They are playing the game.
The game is being played by them.被动语态：主+am/ is/ are + being +
V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+am/ is/ are + V-ing +...时态和被动语态的对应(4)他们那时正在玩这个游戏。
这个游戏那时正在被他们玩。
过去进行时They were playing the game.
The game was being played by them.主+was/ were +being+ V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+was/ were +V-ing +...时态和被动语态的对应(5)他们准备玩这个游戏。
这个游戏准备被他们玩。
一般将来时
They will play the game.
The game will be played by them.被动语态：主+will +be + V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+will +V原 +…时态和被动语态的对应(6)他们那时准备玩这个游戏。
这个游戏那时准备被他们玩。
过去将来时
They would play the game.
The game would be played by them.被动语态：主+would +be + V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+would +V原 +...时态和被动语态的对应(7)他们已经玩这个游戏3天了。
这个游戏已经被他们玩3天了。
现在完成时
They have played the game for 3 days.
The game has been played by them for 3 days.被动语态：主+has/ have +been + V-ed
+ by sb.主动语态：主+has/ have +V-ed +...时态和被动语态的对应(8)到昨天他们已经玩这个游戏3天了。
到昨天这个游戏已经被他们玩3天了。
过去完成时
They had played the game for 3 days till yesterday.
The game had been played by them for 3 days till yesterday.被动语态：主+has/ have +been + V-ed
+by sb.主动语态：主+has/ have + V-ed +...三、情态动词的被动语态他儿子一定照顾这个人。
His son must take care of the person.
这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。
The person must be taken care of by his son.
含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。
构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+by sb.1. You must do this as
soon as possible.
2. I can use it.
3. You should buy a
dictionary.
4. She ought to clean her bedroom.
5. They need look after the little child.
6. We can change water into ice.1. This must be done as
soon as possible (by you).
2. It can be used.
3. A dictionary should be bought(by you).
4. Her bedroom ought to be cleaned.
5. The little child need be looked after(by them).
6. Water can be changed into ice.提 高 知 识一、是不是所有的动词都有被动语态？
1.(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
这类动词或短语如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，die , end (vi. 结束), fail, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart等。
(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
Fit合适, have, hold, marry结婚, own拥有, wish, cost值, notice注意, watch
agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in成功, suffer from受苦, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to属于This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只适合于这把锁。
Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你的故事与听说的相符。
(3)系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look,
remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good. 听起来很好。
Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。
(4)某些静态的及物动词(表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词)，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to、have、belong to等。
They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。How much ／What does it cost？这值多少钱？Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。This food will last (them)(for) 3days．这食物足够(他们)(吃)三天。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。?由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语，所以当它们用作动词宾语时，句子不能转换成被动语态：We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
He could see himself in the mirror. 他在镜子中可以看到自己。
(6)宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。?die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个噩梦。
Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。(对) She likes to swim. 她喜爱游泳。
(错) To swim is liked by her.
(7)宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄断了。The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩摇了摇头。
(8)有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，1) 当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时； wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read,
wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well. 这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。
2) blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, buildI was to blame for the accident. 我对这起事故负责。
Much work remains. 还有大量工作要做。
3) 在need, require, want, worth 　
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be
repaired. 门需要修了。
This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
5) 当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。?The plan worked out successfully.?The lamps on the wall turn off.?
二、初中的不及物动词有哪些？
不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。
常见的不及物动词有：
apologize道歉 appear出现 arrive到达
come来 go去 run跑 walk走 die死
fall掉落 flow流淌 happen发生 rise升起
stay停留 sit坐 lie躺 stand站 cry哭 swim游泳基础练习题( ) 1. The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded
C. is founded D. was found
( ) 2. English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken
C. is speaking D. is spoken
( )3.This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang
C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4. This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A. makes B. made
C. is making D. is made
( ) 5New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using
C. are used D. have used
( ) 6. Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( ) 7. A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built
C. been built D. be building
( ) 8. The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left
C. is left D. has been left
( ) 9. His new book___ next month.
A. will be published　 B. is publishing
C. is being published　D. has been published( ) 10. The flowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
Answers: 1-5 BDDDC 6-10 BBCAB
提高练习题1. The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt　 B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt　 D. are going to rebuilt
2. The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B. will shown
C. will show D. is shown3. Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping
C. have been keeping D. have been kept
4. -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling
C. It's been sold D. it had been sold5. These papers___yet.
A.have not written B. have not been written
C. has not written D. has not been written
6. The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
7. The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow8. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended
C. can be mend D. can be mended
9. Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
10. Old people must ___.
A. look after well　　 B. be looked well after
C. looked well after　 D. be looked after well11. Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care　　 B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of　　　 D. take good care
12. I___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. am given B. was been giving
C. had given D. was given
13. She will____good care____.
A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you14. The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do　 B. do　 C. did　 D. done
15. These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for
C. were seen D. saw to
16. The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost　 B. costed　　 C. cost　　 D. is costed17. The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was held C. held D. had
18. Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place
C. were taking place D. had taken place
19. You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong
C. is bad D. has broken down20. The medicine______in a dry and cool place .A .keep???????? B .must keep???????????
C .must be kept D .must be keep
Anwers: 1-5 AADCB 6-10 BADBD
11-15 BDBBA 16-20 CBDDC三、被动语态与过去分词短语作后置定语。
1. The cat is called Mili. (被动语态)
2. There is a cat(called Mili) in the house. (过去分词短语作后置定语)
与被动语态相关的一些短语：
1. be covered with + 雪、树林等
be covered by + 森林等
2. be made of 由……制成（能看出原材料）be made from由……制成（不能看出原材料）
be made in +年代、地点
3. be used by + 人
be used in + 地点、年代
be used as…. 被用来作为….
be used to do sth.= be used for (doing) sth. 被用来做某事
★注意：used to do sth.过去曾经做某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
4.be surprised by/at…..对…..感到惊奇
怎样区别被动语态与“连系动词 be+过去分词”的结构 “be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态，be是助动词，be后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的对象是主语；当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例如:The glass is broken．玻璃杯碎了。（系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy．玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被动语态）
2. 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。如：The magazine is published in Shanghai．这家杂志出版于上海。（被动语态）The door is locked．门锁着。（系表结构）The door has already/just been locked．门已经/刚刚被锁上。（被动语态）The shop is opened．这家商店开门了。（系表结构）The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday．这家商店每天上午八点开门。（被动语态）
3. 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。所以下列句子都是被动语态：The machine is being repaired．机器正在修。A new school will be built here．这里将要建一所新学校。 系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构中则没有。
①Miss Wang is satisfied with us. (系表结构，用with来搭配)
② be used by + 人 （被动语态没有固定的介词搭配）
be used in + 地点、年代
be used as…. 被用来作为….
be used to do sth.= be used for (doing) sth. 被用来做某事
系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰：She is so worried about her exams.
系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态结构则可以用于各种时态当中。练 习 题1. Somebody___Jack phoned while you were out.
A.to call B.calling C.being called D.called
2. These walls___stone.
A. are made of　　 B. made of
C. are made into　 D. made into
3. Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
4. The coat___her sister.
A. made to B. were made for
C. was made for D. was made to
5. Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking
C. broke D. broken
6. The boy___ is my friend.
A. is named John B. name John
C. named John D. are named John7. The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing
8. The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written
9. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. 　　
A. are bought B. boughtC. been bought D. buying
10. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ____.　　
A. to spend B. spentC. being spent D. spending
Answers: 1-5 DABCA 6-10 CBDBB