2022年外研版中考英语二轮复习话题九 科普知识与现代技术课件(共75张PPT)

(共75张PPT)
第二部分 基于话题的学科素养篇
话题九 科普知识与现代技术
目录
01
Part 1 话题基础词汇
02
Part 2 话题阶梯式素养训练
03
Part 3 话题读写综合
Part 1 话题基础词汇
发明
1. 照相机 ___________ 2. 电话 ____________________
3. 电脑 ___________ 4. 冰箱 ___________
5. 机器人 ___________ 6. 机器 ___________
7. 电 ___________ 8. 电子的 ___________
9. 发明 n. ___________ 10. 手机 ________________________
camera
telephone/phone
computer
fridge
robot
machine
electricity
electric
invention
cellphone/mobile phone
自然与科学
1. 自然 ___________ 2. 科学 ___________
3. 生物 ___________ 4. 地理 ___________
5. 天空 ___________ 6. 地球 ___________
7. 空间；太空 ___________ 8. 行星 ___________
9. 科学家 ___________ 10. 规则 ___________
11. 研究 ____________________
续表
nature
science
biology
geography
sky
earth
space
planet
scientist
rule
research/study
电子与网络
1. 电子邮件 ___________ 2. 互联网 ___________
3. 连接 ___________ 4. 信息 ___________
5. 在线的 ___________ 6. 安全 ___________
7. 便利的 ___________ 8. 网站 ___________
9. 分享；共享 ___________ 10. 工具 ___________
续表
e-mail
Internet
connect
information
online
safety
convenient
website
share
tool
现代技术
1. 现代的 ___________ 2. 技术 ____________________
3. 最新的 ___________ 4. 改进 ___________
5. 能量 ___________ 6. 工程师 ___________
7. 发展 ___________ 8. 快的；迅速的 ___________
9. 发送 _______ 10. 收到 ________________
续表
modern
technology
latest
improve
energy
engineer
develop
rapid/fast
send
receive
Part 2 话题阶梯式素养训练
一、语法选择
The Internet is changing the way we see the world—from news to shopping. Will the Internet give _1_ the same chance to get the messages, or further divide those who know from those who don’t
everyone
The Internet has taken _2_ business from traditional markets. People can go online and find out _3_ had happened in the last few hours, and it is for free, too! They can buy almost everything at a _4_ price on the Internet. So some people worry that the Internet _5_ their jobs.
The Internet provides interesting possibilities for more choices. People can start their own business _6_ Vlog (video
much
what
lower
will take away
through
blog).There was _7_ famous Internet celebrity (名人), who recorded her cooking and posted the videos on the Internet. Her story is _8_ well-received in the West that foreigners even buy knives of the same model from a Chinese shopping app.
Though the Internet brings chances, sometimes it _9_ hurt people. Whether the Internet is right or wrong, it is here to stay. The Internet should _10_ in a proper way. This will provide a healthy environment for Internet safety.
a
so
can
be used
( )1. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one
( )2. A. many B. much C. few D. little
( )3. A. how B. why C. where D. what
( )4. A. low B. lower
C. lowest D. the lowest
( )5. A. will take away B. took away
C. has taken away D. takes away
C
B
D
B
A
( )6. A. in B. through C. from D. across
( )7. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )8. A. too B. as C. so D. such
( )9. A. must B. need C. can D. should
( )10. A. use B. used C. uses D. be used
B
A
C
C
D
二、完形填空
What does the word “ecology” mean It was _1_ by Ernst Haeckel, a German biologist. He joined two Greek words: “oikos”, means “house”, and “logie”, means “the study of”. Together they mean “the study of the house”. The “house”， Haeckel had in mind is our _2_, Earth. Earth is home for all living things—humans, animals, plants, and even tiny microbes （微生物）.
To study a house is to learn how its residents（居民）use it. An ecologist is a scientist who studies the _3_ between organisms
invented
planet
relationship
（生物）and their environment. The environment is an organism’s surroundings. It may _4_ water, gases, rocks, and temperature.
Ecologists also study the balance of using the environment while protecting it.
An ecologist once asked a boy what he thought it meant to protect the environment. The boy said, “You go into the forest and see somebody who wants to _5_ a tree. You take away his axe （斧头）. You tell him about how _6_ trees are. You say they are
include
cut down
important
good for natural beauty, saving soil, and giving shelter to birds and other animals.”
“Good answer,” said the ecologist, “but it may not be easy to find a woodcutter to _7_. Also, remember that sometimes it’s _8_ to cut down a tree. If we cut down too many trees, the forest will disappear. If we don’t cut down any trees, we won’t get any resources from the forest. We have to find the right _9_.”
talk to
necessary
balance
“I get it,” the boy said. “We need the forest’s resources for wood and paper or we might not have desks or notebooks for school.”
“_10_—and school is a good place to learn about ecology,” added the ecologist. “Then you will know how to protect the natural environment.”
Exactly
( )1. A. proved B． invented
C. marked D． accepted
( )2. A. planet B． building C． project D． surface
( )3. A. feeling B． relationship
C. difficulty D． competition
( )4. A. pollute B． control C． include D． reduce
( )5. A. pay for B． cut down C． fall over D． lay out
B
A
B
C
B
( )6. A. wild B． common C． wealthy D． important
( )7. A. talk to B． get to C．listen to D． stick to
( )8. A. comfortable B． terrible
C. impossible D． necessary
( )9. A. mystery B． temperature
C. balance D． symbol
( )10. A. Exactly B． Normally
C. Especially D． Completely
D
A
D
C
A
三、阅读理解（A篇+C篇）
（一）
Sending packets(包裹), going shopping and even building a house, these are new skills that new robots show at the World Robot Exhibition.
RoBoHoN Scientists are introducing the latest talking robots. RoBoHoN, just 10 centimeters tall, can make a lively description of the Great Wall and the Palace Museum in Chinese, English or any other language you like.
Human Support Robot This robot is 1 meter tall and looks like a container(容器) with arms. It provides much support to the old and the disabled. It can move things to different places and keep in touch with the outside world through the Internet.
续表
HRP-5P As world cities develop faster and faster, there are building sites(工地) everywhere, but there aren’t enough people to build them. HRP-5P looks like a strong builder. It stands 1.8 meters tall and weighs 101 kilograms. It is used to do the heavy building tasks.
CarriRo CarriRo, looks like a toy bus, has friendly “eyes” on its front. It works as a postman and sends packages by traveling along the streets. It has GPS to travel with. The person who receives the package is sent a code(密码) to the smart phone to open the CarriRo and get the package.
( )1. The RoBoHoN is _____ tall.
A. 0.1 meter B. 1 meter C. 1.8 meters D. 101 meters
( )2. _____ is the best helper to the old people’s homes.
A. RoBoHoN B. Human Support Robot
C. HRP-5P D. CarriRo
A
B
( )3. The owner of the package opens the CarriRo _____.
A. by working as a postman
B. by rolling around the street
C. by following the GPS
D. by using the code
D
( )4. Which of the following is TRUE
A. RoBoHoN can be used to do the heavy building tasks.
B. HRP-5P looks like a container with arms.
C. RoBoHoN can speak Japanese as well.
D. CarriRo can get on the Internet.
( )5. In which part of a newspaper can we find this passage
A. Culture. B. Sports. C. Science. D. People.
C
C
（二）
配对阅读。左栏是五个人的不同情况和需求，右栏是七种产品的介绍，请为每个人选择一个合适的产品，并将其字母编号填写在题号前的括号内。
( )1. Jack is blind. It’s difficult or sometimes dangerous for him to walk around. He wants something can help him walk around more easily and safely. A． LOVOT is a kind of robot from Japan. It looks like a mix of a penguin, an owl and a teddy bear. It can accompany people. It can laugh and talk to people. It’ll move its arms up and down to ask people for a hug.
B． Sometimes the old need to take a short rest when they’re walking. This helpful walking stick folds down into a small seat to give tired legs a break almost anywhere. It can hold up to 250 pounds.
G
( )2. Ben works in a company. He often needs to lift heavy things, but his hands got hurt last year. He wants something can help him lift things easily. C． If you’re a runner, you’ll know the feeling of wanting to bring money with you on a run, but also not wanting to carry your wallet. This product solves that problem with a water bottle and a wallet all in one.
D． The glove called Iron Hand was invented by a Swedish company, Bioservo. It can increase hand strength by 20 percent, so it helps people lift things more easily.
D
( )3. Mike works in a big company in Shanghai. He used to drive to work but always arrived late because of the heavy traffic. Now he tries riding a bike. However, parking is still a problem. E． Parking a bike is not easy in big cities. Here comes the bicycle-parking tower. You only need to swipe a card (刷卡) and push a button. Then the tower can hold your bike in an empty place inside it. You even don’t need to lock the bike.
F． You’ll never again have to worry about bringing a wet umbrella inside of your car or house. The wet part of this umbrella can be kept on the inside when closed up. It comes in four colors: pink, sky blue, dark blue, and black.
E
( )4. Sam wants an umbrella as a gift for his daughter who loves pink color. He hopes this umbrella won’t make his car wet when it rains hard. G. The shoes have sensors (感应装置) in the front. They can see obstacles (障碍物) up to 4 meters away. They warn the wearer by vibrating (震动) and making a waring sound. The battery in the shoes can last for up to one week.
F
( )5. Lisa is a busy housewife. Her 2-year-old daughter always feels unhappy while she is doing housework. She wants something can accompany her daughter at that time.
A
四、短文填空
What will the world of tomorrow look like？Many people today believe that _1_ is going to help solve some of the most difficult problems we have on Earth today. New technology may solve old problems, and it may also create _2_ ones. No technology is perfect. Each has advantages and disadvantages, as these three examples.
technology
new
When we dream about the future, many of us think that we will be _3_ to fly to the sky in our own personal flying car. We could fly at 480 kilometers per hour without traffic lights and busy roads. However, if the new cars become popular, _4_ will be problems with traffic control.
3D-printing is _5_ new technology for the future. 3D-printers are already _6_ to make life-size models of car parts, and
able
there
another/a
used
man-made body parts _7_ ears. As we move into the future, 3D-printing will _8_ the way we make things and the way we treat sick people. The disadvantage is that such a machine is very expensive.
Finally, people are trying to build a robot suit. This is an electronic suit. It allows people to lift heavy objects and walk a long way. It might help disabled people walk again _9_ an illness
like
change
after
or an accident. _10_, one disadvantage at the moment is still higher cost.
In this world, technology makes people’s life easier and safer. It can solve some of the most difficult problems we have today.
However
1. _____________ 2. ______________
3. _____________ 4. ______________
5. _____________ 6. ______________
7. _____________ 8. ______________
9. _____________ 10. _____________
technology
new
able
there
another/a
used
like
change
after
However
一、语法选择
Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most famous scientists, believed that humans will one day have to move into space, “Once we step into space, our future should be safe,” he said.
Today, many countries are all planning to send astronauts to Earth’s _1_ neighbor: the moon. Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations
closest
will prepare humans to visit and later live _2_ Mars or other earth-like planets.
Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks _3_ humans should colonize(殖民) space. He wants to start with Mars. Why He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us _4_ a lot of things—for example, the ability of humans to live in a very different environment.
on
that
to learn
Elon Musk, _5_ CEO of Space X also believes we should colonize Mars. His long-term goal is to put one million people there if _6_ happens to us here on Earth.
Not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smart idea.Many people say it’s too expensive. Also, most space trips are not short. A _7_ trip to Mars, for example, would take at least six months. People traveling this kind of distance _8_ face many
the
something
one-way
could
health problems. Besides, these _9_ people would find life especially difficult in space.
No matter what _10_ concerns there are, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see cities on the moon or even new human cultures on other planets.
first
different
( )1. A. close B. closer C. closest D. the closest
( )2. A. on B. in C. by D. from
( )3. A. if B. that C. whether D. what
( )4. A. learn B. learned C. to learn D. learns
( )5. A. a B. an C. the D. /
C
A
B
C
C
( )6. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
( )7. A. one way B. one-way
C. one way’s D. one-way’s
( )8. A. must B. shall C. should D. could
( )9. A. first B. the first C. one D. the one
( )10. A. difference B. different
C. differently D. more different
B
B
D
A
B
二、完形填空
They weigh almost nothing, yet they are _1_ than steel. In fact, some spiders’ webs are among the world’s strongest materials, and they can be pulled longer than elastic (橡皮圈). They can also be any _2_. Spider webs are amazing.
A spider has hundreds of small openings in its body. Silk comes out of these openings as liquid (液体)，and as it reaches
stronger
shape
the air, it becomes thread-like. These tiny threads(线) come together to form a single thread.
The spider can make many different kinds of thread. The thread can be thick or thin, wet or dry, or sticky. Each kind has a different _3_. Some webs create an egg box. Others _4_ hiding places. The most common purpose of a spider web, however, is to catch food.
purpose
provide
There are many ways the spider uses its web to catch food. _5_, some spiders produce a single thread. An insect then sits on it without _6_ what it is doing, and becomes stuck. Slowly, the spider moves towards the insect. _7_, it covers its food in silk.
Some spiders use a different kind of trick. They make webs that cheat insects. An insect sees the web and thinks it’s a flower. It then _8_ the web. The spider can feel even the smallest
For example
realizing
Suddenly
moves towards
movement of the web, and rushes to the insect before it can get away.
Spider webs are so _9_ that engineers have been studying them for years. They want to learn why they are so strong and elastic (有弹性的). However, for the moment, spiders are keeping their secrets. Although they have made great progress in science and technology, humans _10_ haven’t been able to copy natural webs.
amazing
still
( )1. A. stronger B. brighter
C. heavier D. thicker
( )2. A. shape B. price C.weight D. temperature
( )3. A. direction B. purpose C. size D. name
( )4. A. provide B. choose C. find D. change
( )5. A. At first B. As for
C. All in all D. For example
A
A
B
A
D
( )6. A．finding B． realizing
C． thinking D． searching
( )7. A．Sadly B． Clearly C． Suddenly D． Loudly
( )8. A．sets for B． moves towards
C． cuts up D． looks into
( )9. A．soft B． expensive
C． important D． amazing
( )10. A．enough B． actually C． still D． even
B
C
B
D
C
三、阅读理解(B篇)
（一）
Robots are often found in our daily life. But what exactly is a robot？There are some important characteristics(特征)that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. They will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics：
Sensing. First of all，your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give your robot sensors(传感器)：light sensors(eyes)，touch sensors(hands)，chemical sensors(nose)，hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors(tongue).
Movement. A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.
Energy. A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power themselves with sunlight, some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence. A robot needs some kind of “smarts”. A programmer is the person who gives the robot its “smarts”. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
( )1. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 is about _____.
A. the toy B. the characteristic
C. the machine D. the engine
( )2. The chemical sensors may help a robot to _____.
A. see B. catch C. hear D. smell
( )3. In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
C
D
B
( )4. There are _____ characteristics of a robot mentioned in the passage.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
( )5. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To help people understand what a robot is.
B. To tell what a robot can do in our lives.
C. To describe the movement of a robot.
D. To introduce the history of robots.
C
A
（二）
Think about a world without insects. It might sound nice at first. There would be no annoying (烦人的) bugs or flies in your room. But in fact, this could be really bad news.
The number of insects has dropped a lot in recent years, according to British biologist Dave Goulson. “In the 27 years from 1989 to 2016, the number of insects fell by 75 percent,” Goulson wrote.
Scientists say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides (农药). They destroy the places that insects live in.
What would happen without insects It’s almost impossible to predict, but the results would be far-reaching. We need insects to pollinate crops (给庄稼授粉). They also break down dead plants and animals and turn them into new useful things. We need them to keep the soil (土地) healthy and do much more. Without insects,
many animals would have nothing to eat. They would go hungry and die. The ecosystem (生态系统) would be off balance.
The first step to stop this is to let more people understand “the values of the natural world, both for what it does for us and for its own sake,” Goulson said. “The best place to start is with our children. We should encourage environmental awareness (环保意识) from an early age.”
( )1. What does the writer think of insects
A. They are quiet.
B. They are helpful.
C. They grow fast.
D. They are dangerous.
( )2. The number of insects has dropped a lot in recent year because of _____.
A. the bad weather B. insects themselves
C. human beings D. the crops
B
C
( )3. According to the text, insects can _____.
①pollinate crops
②break down dead things
③keep the soil healthy
④eat animals
A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②④ D. ②③④
A
( )4. The underlined word “this” in last paragraph refers to _____.
A. the use of pesticides
B. insect activity
C. balance of the ecosystem
D. harm to the ecosystem
D
( )5. In which part of a magazine might you read this text
A. Health and sports.
B. History and geography.
C. Science and the environment.
D. Travel and culture.
C
四、短文填空
Drones(无人机)are like planes，and they can do a lot of things for us. People use drones not only to _1_ photos and make videos, but _2_ to deliver things, follow wild animals and so on. Recently, drones can also be used _3_ other ways. For example, they are used _4_ delivering coffee. _5_ US company has made this kind of drone. The drone can know when to bring a cup of
take
also
in
for
A
coffee by studying a person’s data. There _6_ a special device under the drone. It helps the drone to give people coffee. Drones can also save people’s _7_. One company in Africa uses drones to deliver medicines and blood fast and has saved many people.The drones are _8_ to fly at a speed of up to 60 km/h and when they are near the destinations(目的地), they drop off their packages and return to their home. A 92-year-old hunter in Virginia was lost and
is
lives
able
had to spend a whole night staying in the woods. The police searched for _9_ all night but failed to find him. _10_, the drones tracked him down in 20 minutes and saved him at last.
him
Luckily
1. _____________ 2. ______________
3. _____________ 4. ______________
5. _____________ 6. ______________
7. _____________ 8. ______________
9. _____________ 10. _____________
take
also
in
for
A
is
lives
able
him
Luckily
Part 3 话题读写综合
Chinese astronauts are in outer space again!
On June 17th, the Shenzhou 12 manned
spacecraft (载人航天飞船) was successfully
launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch
Center in Gansu. The spacecraft took three male astronauts—Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo—into space.
A. 回答问题
请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整，并把答案写在横线上。
续表
It didn’t take long for the astronauts to reach the space station. The trip used to take about two days, but this time, it took only 6.5 hours after launch. This is as fast as a high-speed train trip from Beijing to Hunan.
After entering orbit (轨道), the Shenzhou 12 completed a fast automated docking (对接) with the space station core module (核心舱) Tianhe. The Tianhe’s cabin will provide a comfortable environment for the astronauts’ long-term stay on the station. Their living space is about 110 m3 in size. They can eat, sleep, exercise, take showers and even contact their family through WiFi in the cabin.
续表
China’s increasingly advanced technology has made it possible for astronauts to live in a comfortable and safe environment. As Chinese, we feel proud of the achievements our country has made.
1. When was Shenzhou 12 launched from Jiuquan
_____________________________________________________
2. How long did it take the three astronauts to reach the space station
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Shenzhou 12 / It was launched on June 17th. / On June 17th.
It took the three astronauts / them only 6.5 hours after launch to reach the space station. / (Only) 6.5 hours.
3. What is the name of the space station core module
_____________________________________________________
4. How can the astronauts contact their family
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Its name is Tianhe. / Tianhe.
They can contact their family through WiFi in the cabin. / Through WiFi in the cabin.
5. Why can the astronauts live in a comfortable and safe environment
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That is because of China’s increasingly advantaged technology.
B. 书面表达
中国的国力日益增强，中国的科技发展日新月异，现在有很多方面都处于世界的前列。请结合上文的内容,用英语写一篇短文。
内容包括:
(1)请描述你读完上文的感受；
(2)举例说明中国的科技发展给人们生活带来的改变；
(3)呼吁青少年努力学习，将来为中国的科技发展贡献一分力量。
作文要求:
(1)不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。
(2)语句连贯,词数80个左右。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After reading this passage，I am so proud of China. China is getting stronger and stronger.
With the development of China’s science and technology, people’s life has changed a lot. Now many people travel by high-speed railway because it’s safe and fast. For example, it
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
only takes people 4 hours to travel from Guangzhou to Wuhan by it. Also, more and more people choose to buy products made in China like Huawei phone. Because they have good qualities and are convenient to use. In fact, Chinese brands have won the hearts of people both at home and abroad.
As teenagers, we are the future of our country. Therefore, we should study hard and try our best to make China better and better.
谢 谢!