人教版（2019） 必修第三册 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 单词用法趣味图文讲解2课件（62张）

(共62张PPT)
版本：新人教
单元：必修三 Unit 3 (Listening and Speaking — Reading and Thinking)
单
词
课
堂
本单元词汇梳理
1. diverse 近义词 various
派生词：diversity
2. fortune 词源：fortune 源自幸运女神的名字 Fortuna
词块：make a / one fortune, good fortune, fortune cookie
词族：fortune, fortunate, fortunately, unfortunate, unfortunately,
misfortune
3. chip 隐喻：基本义“碎片” → 比喻义 (衍生义)“薯片”“芯片”
4. cheese 音译词“芝士”
熟词生义“茄子”(拍照时让人微笑说的话)
5. spicy spice (n 香料) + -y (充满……的)
6. admit ad- (to) + mit (let go, send) → 送入 → 容许进入（正式用语）
一词多义：基本义“容许……进入”
派生词：admission
7. definitely definite (肯定的) + -ly；近义词 certainly；句子副词
8. occur 意为“发生”时是正式用语 (对应 happen)
词块：it occurs to sb that
9. downtown 合成词 down + town
词源：在19世纪30年代，纽约城区集中在曼哈顿岛南端，成为了市中心，后来经济向北扩展。up和down对应于地图上北和南。(downtown 市中心, uptown 居住区)
10. mission 词源：16世纪时，随着美洲新大陆的发现和殖民活动，欧洲基督教会大规模派遣传教士到世界各地传播福音、建立基督教会和学校。这种派遣活动以及派出去的团队被称为mission。因为这种派遣活动的目的是完成传播福音的使命，所以mission衍生出“使命”的含义。mission除了表示传教团队外，还可以表示其他各种去远处执行使命的团队，如外交团队、参加比赛或会议的代表团等。
11. district dis- (apart 分开) + strict (to draw tight 拉紧) → 分开被拉紧的物体 → 被分成几部分的地区 → 区；地区
12. afterwards 美式英语afterward
after + ward (toward 向) + -s
13. historical history + -al；词块：places of historical interest
词族：history, historic, historical, historian
14. seek 基本义：“寻找”
正式用语：对应 ① look for ② ask for ③ try to get
词块：seek a job, seek (sb’s) help / advice, seek to do sth, seek one’s fortune
派生词：seeker (job seekers)
15. earn 词块：earn a / one’s living, earn money
16. select 精准的汉语释义：精选 (to choose carefully)
同义词 choose (select更为正式)
词块：select sb / sth for sth, select sb / sth as sth, select sb / sth to do sth
17. china 小写c，瓷器，是不可数名词
18. jazz 音译词“爵士乐”
19. bar 词源：用来栓门的铁条 → 将服务员与顾客隔开的“铁条” → 柜台 → 酒吧
词块：a bar of chocolate / soap, a coffee / snack / wine bar
20. diagram dia- (across, through 穿过) + gram (write, mark, draw 写、图、画) → 图表
21. journal 词块：keep a journal (= keep a diary)；派生词：journalist
22. series 单复数同形，词块：a series of, TV series
23. minority minor — minority；反义词：majority
词块：ethnic minority
24. escape 一词多义：基本义“从……逃走”
词块：escape from, narrowly escape
重难点词
精讲
admit
一词多义
英语释义
一词多义
occur
辨析义
fortune
seek
一词多义
英语释义
select
英语释义
辨析义
escape
一词多义
搭配义
claim
英语释义
earn
一词多义
中国传统文化中的“福”怎么表达？
fortune
“福”所对应的英文是 good fortune，直译过来就是“好运气”。
神秘的“算命人”
古今中外均不乏“算命的人”，在英语中这样的人被称为 fortune teller。
Fortune 500
“世界500强”是中国人对美国《财富》(Fortune) 杂志每年评选的“全球最大五百家公司”排行榜的一种约定俗成的叫法。公司盈利多是跻身世界500强的先决条件，而fortune有“（大量）财产；
大笔钱”的含义，这也是用Fortune 500来表达世界500强的原因。
世界500强
词源故事
福尔图娜（Fortuna）是罗马神话中的命运女神。她主管人和国家的命运。她的形象一般为一手执羊角，象征丰饶和财富，一手执车轮，象征命运的变迁兴衰。英语单词 fortune就源自幸运女神的名字 Fortuna。习语 wheel of fortune 字面意思是“幸运女神的车轮”，比喻命运或人生的变迁。
fortune n
[U] 机遇；运气 chance or luck, especially in the way it affects people’s lives：
fortune cookies
In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. 2012 安徽
[C] & [U] 时运；命运：
tell sb’s fortune
What will be our fortune
[C]（大量）财产；大笔的钱 a large amount of money：
make a / one’s fortune
a small fortune (= a quite large fortune)
He received a large fortune when his uncle died.
成功与否的“命运”
人生的“命运”
金钱的“命运”— 财运
时运； 命运
机遇； 运气
命运
fortune
（基本义）
人生的“命运”
成功与否的“命运”
（大量） 财产； 大笔的钱
金钱的“命运” — 财运
fortune 语义网络图
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunate
unfortunately
misfortune
fortune 的同族词
如果有勇气承认错误，那么所犯的错误也是可以被原谅的。
——李小龙
李小龙（1940 -1973），师承叶问，出生于美国，祖籍中国广东佛山。功夫片的开创者和截拳道创始人、华人武打电影演员，中国功夫首位全球推广者、好莱坞首位华人主角。
admit
vt [正式用语] 容许……进入 to allow sb / sth to enter a place：
Only ticket-holders will be admitted to / into the stadium.
vt [正式用语] 接纳；招收 to allow sb to become a member of a club, a school, etc.：
I shall be very likely to be admitted to my dream university.
2014 四川
The table-tennis team of our school is admitting new players.
2017 全国书面表达
admit v
注：在日常生活中，人们通常说let sb in而不是admit sb
admit 的词源义是“允许进入（let in）”，在此基础上衍生出各层释义。
vt & vi 承认 to agree, often unwillingly, that sth is true：
We should have the courage to admit (to) our mistakes.
I had to admit (to) being nervous about the test.
vt & vi 供认 to say that you have done sth wrong or illegal：
He refused to admit (to) the other charges.
She admitted (to) having stolen / stealing the car.
[U] & [C] 接纳；进入权；准许入会 / 学：
Admission by ticket.
She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.
the university admissions policy / office
[C] [常作单数] 承认；供认：
an admission of a mistake / failure
admission n
[U] 入场费：
admission charges / prices
admittedly adv [句子副词] 诚然；不可否认地：
The technique is painful, admittedly, but it benefits the patient greatly.
词汇拓展
admit 语义网络图
供认
admit
容许……进入
（基本义）
承认
“容许”事情“进入”内心
“容许”人“进入”组织或机构
“容许”物体“进入”某地
接纳；招收
容许……进入
“容许”自己做错了的事“进入”公众视野
承认；供认
接纳；
准许入会 / 学；入场费
进入权
admission
Major earthquakes like this often _______________（发生）.
happen
正式用语
根据所给汉语，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
occur
/ occur
occur vi
[正式用语] 发生 to happen:
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China. 2017 江苏
出现；存在 to exist or be found somewhere：
Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.
Cultural differences occur wherever you go. 2014 重庆
occur to sb 浮现于脑中；被想起：
① it occurs to sb to do sth:
It occurred to her to phone the police.
② it occurs to sb + that 从句:
Not once did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. 2013 湖南
词汇拓展
[C] 发生的事情:
everyday occurrences
[U] 发生；出现
occurrence n
辨析occur, happen, take place
相同点：① 三者都可指“发生”。
② 三者都是不及物动词，都无被动。
不同点：
occur 指“发生”时可与happen换用，但occur较为正式。
If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.
happen 主要用于偶然或突发性事件，多指意外事故、不幸的事。
Maybe something unexpected happened.
take place 主要指按计划进行或发生，可指发生好事或不好的事。
The conference will take place next month.
魁地奇比赛中的找球手seeker
在哈利波特的魔法世界中，最受欢迎的运动莫过于魁地奇比赛（Quidditch）。
找球手seeker在比赛中起着极为重要的作用，他们负责抓取金色飞贼（the golden snitch），往往能使自己的球队反败为胜。
seek
seek (sought, sought) v [正式用语或书面用语]
vt & vi 寻找 to look for sb / sth：
They sought for a place to shelter from the rain, but in vain.
seek jobs / work / employment
根据seek的基本义to look for，猜猜下列句子中seek的意思。
1. The book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek
their own answers. 2014 天津
2. They had sought my advice, and I had recommended this
machine.
3. Scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the
“sixth sense” of direction.
寻求 口语 try to find / get
征求 口语 ask for
试图 / 企图 口语 try to do
【词汇拓展】
seek out 找出；找到 ：
We must seek out a solution to the problem.
play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏
seeker n [C] 寻找者；追求者：
a job / an attention seeker
重要词块
earn
earn pocket money
赚零花钱
top earners
最赚钱的人
earn v
vt & vi 赚得；挣得：
earn a scholarship
earn money / an income / a fortune
My grandpa said last summer they earned quite
a lot by selling the fish. 2018 全国
vt 博得；赢得：
He earned praise for honesty.
earn a / one’s living 谋生：
You are old enough to earn your own living. 2011 辽宁
earnings n [C]［复数］薪水；工资
earner n [C] 赚钱者
基本义
挣得美好事物
select
玩游戏的时候，你曾为“挑选”角色苦恼过吗？
“挑选”又如何表达呢？
I want to read an English book, but I can’t choose the right one.
The coach has not chosen me to play in the football team.
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents, and select two activities they would like to do. 2018 全国
Select something around you that you share with the other person. 2015 安徽
读下面的句子，体会choose和select的区别：
In everyday English, people usually say choose rather than select.
select
vt（经过认真思考而）挑选；精选 to choose sb / sth, usually carefully, from a number of similar things：
He selected a mobile phone for personal use.
① select sb / sth for sth:
He had hopes of being selected for the national team.
② select sb / sth as sth:
In 2019, Tu Youyou was selected by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century.
③ select sb / sth to do sth:
He’s the only student in the class that has been selected to take part in the Model United Nations conference. 2014 湖北
辨 select, choose, pick 三者都有“选择”之意。
select 指“精选”，是基于要求从同类的许多事物或人中仔细辨别后选出最合适的。select比choose更正式。
choose 指挑选自己喜欢的人或物；决定或更喜欢做某事。choose 泛指选择，可不带宾语。
You choose — I can’t decide.
pick 指从一群人或一组事物中选出一个或一些，可泛指选择，口语用词。
choose to do can’t choose but do sth
choose from pick out
pick one’s words
selective adj 慎重选择的；精挑细选的
selection n [U] & [C] 可选之人或物；选集：
make a selection
Selections From Charles Dickens《狄更斯选集》
词汇拓展
新闻里经常报道某个国家的某个城市发生了炸弹袭击，而某个人或某个组织“声称”对该起恐袭事件负责，其中的“声称；宣称”就用claim表示。
claim
新闻中还常有天灾人祸的报道，往往会提及“……夺去了多少人的生命”，这时往往用“灾难或冲突等 + claim + life / lives”表达。
当认为自己有合法权利提出某项要求时可以用claim。比如，当网购的物品有损坏而要求退款（claim the money back for damages）；汽车因刮蹭向投保的保险公司索赔（claim on the insurance）；认领丢失的财物（claim lost property）等等。
claim v
vi 声称；宣称 to say that sth is true, without having any proof:
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fighting against cancer.
① claim to be / do sth:
Don’t claim to know what you don’t know.
② claim + (that) 从句：
Some people claim that surfing the Internet is a waste
of time.
vt & vi（根据权利）要求；索要；认领 to ask for sth because
you think it’s your legal right to have it：
He should be able to claim back the price of the ticket.
You can claim on the insurance if you have an accident while on holiday.
vt [尤用于新闻报道] 夺去（生命）to cause sb’s death：
Over 3,000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
人教新必修③ –3
n [C]
声称；断言：
They made claims they couldn’t live up to.
（对事物的）权利；所有权：
There is a large number of patent examiners, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.
要求；索赔：
You can make a claim on insurance policy.
escape
你玩过密室脱逃（Room Escape）吗？试想一下自己被困在一间门被锁上的房间里，在规定的时间内，必须依靠各种细节进行推理，再加上各种道具的配合才能把里面的每一扇门都打开，最终实现“逃”出去。是不是很有意思？这个游戏也恰恰说明了“escape”这个词最核心的意义：（从……）逃走。
escape词源
escape 的基本义:（从……）逃走
escape（逃脱）：脱掉身上的斗篷得以逃脱。
在古代欧洲的战场上，被击败的战士为了保命，往往会使出“金蝉脱壳”的招数，在被敌人抓住斗篷时脱掉斗篷而摆脱敌人，或在被敌人追赶时主动脱掉斗篷，趁敌人去捡斗篷时赶紧逃掉。因为在古代，一件斗篷算是不菲的财产，有钱人才穿得起。
英语单词 escape（逃脱）就跟古人脱掉斗篷保命的做法有关。它由 ex（out of）+ cappa（cape，斗篷）构成，字面意思就是“脱掉斗篷”。
因此，英语单词 escape 可以按以下方式记忆其拼写：escape = es （= ex，out of，脱掉）+ cape（斗篷）。
escape v
vi 逃走；逃跑：
The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but he lost his way.
vt & vi 逃避；摆脱：
escape sb’s attention / notice
He narrowly escaped death in an earthquake.
The southern part of Yunnan is the best district of China to escape the cold winter. 人教新必修③ –3
escape doing sth:
You are lucky to escape being punished.
vi & vt [不用于被动语态] 被忘掉：
She looks familiar, but her name escapes me (= I can’t remember her name).
vi（气体、液体等）泄漏：
A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. 2010 福建
escape n
[C] & [U] 逃跑；逃脱；逃避：
make one’s escape
He had a narrow escape.
For her, travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life.
[C] 泄漏；出口:
Can you smell an escape of gas
a fire escape
（气体、液体等）泄漏
escape 语义网络图
气体 / 液体从容器中“逃走”
从抽象的困境中“逃走”
从被围困的地方“逃走”
逃避；摆脱
逃走；逃跑
从记忆中“逃走”
被忘掉
逃跑；逃脱
泄漏；出口
v
n
从……
逃走
基本义
逃避
小贴士
电脑键盘上的“Esc键”你经常用吗？其实，Esc键就是英语escape的缩写，这个按键也叫做escape key，起到退出或取消的功能。想一想Esc键和“逃走”有什么联系？
本单元词汇拓展：seek
1. I shall be very likely to be admitted to my dream university. 2014 四川
2.We should have the courage to admit (to) our mistakes.
3. We must seek out a solution to the problem.
4. You are old enough to earn your own living. 2011 辽宁
5. Don’t claim to know what you don’t know.
6. He narrowly escaped death in an earthquake.
7. He had a narrow escape.
金句汇总
随堂检测
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.
（2012 安徽） _____________
2. She made a fortune and wore diamonds and designer clothes.
（2011 江西） _____________
3. Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune. _____________
4. I met a fortune teller in the shopping mall. _____________
fortune
有幸 / 有好运气
发财
一大笔钱
算命人
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
She admitted having driven the car without insurance.
_____________
2. You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started. _____________
3. He was studying in the hope of being admitted to an engineering college. _____________
4. A number of people have admitted that despite their success, they aren’t happy.（2015 浙江改） _____________
admit
承认
被允许进入
被录取
承认
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. You should have the courage to ______________________（承认错误）.
2. Did he ___________________________（承认打破了窗户）
3. This ticket ________________________（可让两人进场）.
4. Their poetry club has recently __________________________ （吸收了几名新社员）.
5. Gates open at 10:30 a.m. and __________________（免费入场）.
6. ________________________（这家公园最晚的入园时间）are at 6:00 p.m.
admit your mistakes
admits two persons
admitted a few new members
admit breaking the window
Last admissions to the park
admission is free
一、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. _________________________（我没有想到）that he might have had problems.
2. Emerson would always set down new ideas _______________________（他想到的）.
3. I suppose ______________________________（她根本没想到要请求帮助）.
4. _________________________（他突然想到）that he had left his keys in the office.
It didn’t occur to me
that / which occurred to him
it didn’t occur to her to ask for help
It suddenly occurred to him
occur
二、选出适当的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空。
1. The Olympics ___________ every four years.
2. No one knows exactly what __________________ but several people have been hurt.
3. If headaches _________ while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.
occur, happen, take place
take place
happened / occurred
occur
一、选出下列句子中画线部分的英语释义。
1. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre （2014 天津）
_______
2. A company whose profits from home markets are declining（减少）may seek opportunities abroad.（2014 山东） _______
3. We sought out Karen and told her of her success. _______
4. Local schools are seeking to reduce the dropout rate. _______
a. look for b. try c. ask for d. find out
c
seek
a
d
b
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. On a hot summer day in last August, I ________ (seek) shade and a cool drink at a waterfront café.
2. Some businesses only seek ________ (earn) enough to cover their operating costs.（2013 全国）
3. Unluckily, they sought in vain ________ somewhere to shelter.
4. A job ________ (seek) is an unemployed person who is trying to get a job.
sought
to earn
for
seeker
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. It has taken years to ___________________（赢得他们的信任）.
2. As a teacher, she had _____________________________（赢得了她学生的尊敬）.
3. I wish we could help him to ___________________（挣钱）. His family is suffering so much.（2020 山东改）
4. Although these books will not help you to ___________________（谋生）, they will help you to live more fully.
earn their trust
earned the respect of her students
earn money
earn
earn your / a living
选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1. He ______________ a pair of socks to match his suit.
2. My wife is going with me to help me ________ out a new suit.
3. I cannot ____________ but wait.
4. She took a long time ____________ a new sweater.
selected
pick
to choose
choose
choose, select, pick
select
claim
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. No one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.
（2014 山东） _____________
2. He tried to claim that he had acted in self-defence. _____________
3. The company claims that their product “makes you thin without dieting”. _____________
4. Heart disease is the biggest killer, claiming 180,000 lives a year.
_____________
认领这只狗
宣称
声称
夺去18万人的生命
5. The group claimed responsibility for a series of accidents.
_____________
6. If you’re still not satisfied, you may be able to claim cash checks.
_________________
7. The Foreign Affairs Department has denied claims that the men were ill-treated. _________________
8. The company had made false claims about its products.
_________________
要求现金支票
否认了……的说法
做了虚假宣传
宣称对……负责
escape
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The air keeping the balloon up was escaping so quickly and the balloon was coming down. _____________
2. As a child he would often escape into a dream world of his own.
_____________
3. Escape from this window and return to the main menu.
_____________
4. Can you smell an escape of gas _____________
泄露
逃避
退出
泄露
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Time is something ________ which we can’t escape.
2. Compared with the ________ (escape) river, I am proud of what I did.（2014 湖北）
3. He was lucky to escape ________ (be) punished.
三、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Although he thought he could ______________（逃过注意）by sitting at the back, he was wrong.（2012 广东）
2. It was reported that two journalists ________________________
（死里逃生）in the air attack.
from
escaped
being
escape attention
narrowly escaped death / had a narrow escape
谢
谢
观
赏