牛津2013届中考考前语法专练精讲(专题9_动词的时态与语态)

课件20张PPT。专题九　动词的时态与语态 考点1 动词的时态
初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种，即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。
以do为例，常用的八种时态的构成及常与之连用的时间状语如下表所示：考点2 在常用的八种时态中，中考热点问题透析如下：
1．条件状语从语：在when, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如： I'll go to see him when I have time. 我有时间的话， 就去看他。
If he calls, tell him I'll ring back.
如果他来电话，告诉他我将给他回电话
2．非延续性动词come, go, leave, start, finish等的进行时常表达将来之意。如：
I am leaving for Japan tomorrow. 明天我要去日本。3．“be going to＋动词原形”也可表示将来时。如：
Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain.
看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。
4．在现在完成时中，如果有持续的时间状语，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如：
I have had the book for two days.
这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had，而不用bought)
5．在由if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句用过去将来时态，if从句需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如：
Amy said that she would go shopping if it didn't rain the next day.艾米说如果明天不下雨，她就去购物。
6．have been to 和have gone to的区别
两者后均可接地点，前者表示“去过某地”，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示“到某地去了”，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。如：
He has gone to Paris. 他去巴黎了。
He has been to Paris three times. 他去过巴黎三次。
考点3 动词的语态
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
常用的五种被动语态结构及示例如下表所示：考点4 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况
1．表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语：happen, last, take place, break out, come out，come true, run out, give out等以主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The meeting took place in a beautiful city.
会议在一个美丽的城市举行。
A fire broke out during the night.
夜间发生了火灾。
2．一些特殊动词：英语中有很多动词，如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。且该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用。如：
This kind of computers sells well. 这种电脑很畅销。
3．感官动词：系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受的感官动词，如 feel, sound, taste, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。如：
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。[提醒]在使役动词have, make, get, let以及感官动词see, find, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时要加to。如：
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
被动语态为：
A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
(　　)1.[2011·恩施] Tom, along with his friends, ________ Beijing tomorrow.
A．are leaving for B．leave for
C．leaves to D．is leaving for
【解析】此题考查leave 的进行时态表将来时。along with 是介词，不能并列作主语，句子的主语仍为Tom, 故答案为D。┃中考透视 ┃D(　　)2. [2011·雅安] She ________ this book for nearly three weeks.
A．has borrowed B．has lent
C．has bought D．has kept
【解析】在现在完成时中，如果有持续的时间，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。borrow，lend, buy均为非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用。故选D。D(　　)3. [2012·福州] —Hello, may I speak to Mr Smith?
—Sorry, he isn't in. He ________the office.
A．has been to B．has gone to
C．has been away D．has been in
【解析】 has/ have gone to表示“到某地去了”，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。 B(　　)4. [2012·广东] Don't hurry. He ________here as soon as the meeting is over.
A．comes B．will come
C．will get to D．gets
【解析】在as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。B(　　)5. [2012·重庆] Sanya is a beautiful city. I ________ there twice.
A．have gone B．have been
C．have gone to D．have been to
【解析】 has/ have been to表示“去过某地”，通常可与表示次数的状语连用。there为副词，故要省略to。B(　　)6.[2011·镇江] The cakes in the restaurant ________， so they ________ well.
A．are tasted better; are sold
B．are tasted well; sell
C．taste terrible; are sold
D．taste nice; sell
【解析】 taste 是系动词，所以不用被动语态；sell与well连用时，用主动形式表示被动意义。D(　　)7. [2011·枣庄] In the past the children were made ________15 hours a day.
A．to lock B．work
C．to work D．lock
【解析】在使役动词have, make, get, let后面作宾语补足语的不定式在主动结构中要省略to，但变为被动结构时要加to。C(　　)8.[2012·衢州] In July, 2012, the 30th Olympic Games________ in London.
A．will be held B．be held
C．is held D．was held
(　　)9. [2012·广东] Shanghai is really a modern city now! Many tall buildings ________ everywhere.
A．can be seen B．can see
C．should be seen D．should see
(　　)10.[2012· 临沂] Every year, more than 70,000,000 sharks ________ for their fins.
A．were killed B．have killed
C．are killed D．will killed
AAC