阅读微技能·代词指示&词义猜测题 专项训练
代词指示题解题技巧：(1) 代词所指代的内容通常不是紧靠在其前的名词内容；(2) 在完成判断后，通过回读文本可以有效检验答案的正确性。回读文本既需要回读本句——检验选项在本句中的合理性，也需要回读前后文——检验选项在前后文语境中的合理性。
生词释义题解题技巧：(1) 生词释义题相对代词指示题难度更大，答题依据既可设置在同段落中生词前文，也可设置在生词后文；(2)生词释义题的答题依据通常和生词存在3种逻辑关系：①解释说明； ②并列； ③对比对立。(3)生词释义题偶尔会考察基础意和引申义区别，解题过程中切忌直选。建议通读选项，代入所有选项排除法解题。
(1)
As COVID-19 is still spreading in many countries, quickly finding people who have the virus is very important. But COVID-19 is not easy to detect. Many people who catch the virus clearly show signs of being ill, like having a fever or coughing. But many others show no signs at all. These people are "asymptomatic" and they can still pass the virus to others.
Now, scientists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a famous American college, have developed a method which can quickly detect whether a person has COVID-19 or not just from the way he or she coughs or speaks. The scientists turned to an AI method known as “deep learning”.
In deep learning, computer programs collected a lot of information, analyzed （分析）it and built certain models. The information here was tens of thousands of recordings of coughing and speaking from people who had caught the virus. When the scientists tested their Al models, they found that they could detect 98.5% of the people who caught the virus, including 100% of the asymptomatic people.
Brian Subirana, one of the scientists, says, "We think this shows that the way one person produces sound changes when he or she has COVID-19,even if he or she is asymptomatic." The scientists now want to turn their models into an app that can run on mobile phones. If they are able to do that, it could allow people to quickly and easily check whether they have caught the virus.( 2020-2021学年深圳市福田区九年级上英语期末考试题)
( ) 3.What does the underlined word "they" refer to？
A.the viruses B.the scientists
C.the Al models D.the asymptomatic people
(2)
Frankand his brother Jack lived near the ocean. Frank was outgoing while Jack was shy. They liked doing different things. Frank was famous for organizing games of beach volleyball, football, and any other sport imaginable. Jack preferred to draw, paint, or build sandcastles(沙堡).
Frank didn't understand why Jack would rather do artistic things than play ball. He believed sports often allowed many kids to play together. That was when Jack's idea hatched．He would show Frank what doing things together looked like!
After Jack finished creating a special sandcastle with stairs,towers and walls,he took pictures of it.Then he painted colorful posters featuring(突出)his sandcastle and the question,“Can you top this？”He hung his posters everywhere in town, announcing his plan for a day of sandcastle artistry—all ages welcome.
When Frank saw a poster,he not so nicely told Jack that no one would come.Still,shortly after sunrise on Saturday, Jackwas on the beach digging in the sand. By mid morning,four kids were sculpting(雕塑)the sand alongside him. By noon the number had increased a lot.
After Frank came back from his ball game, he went to check how his brother's plan turned out.He couldn't believe what he saw. At least 30 people were building a city of sandcastles, and everyone was chatting and laughing and working together! It was the most beautiful thing he had seen on the beach.
“I guess you've proved me wrong,” Frank said.“You should make this sandcastle day a yearly tradition！”Handing Frank a shovel(铲子)with a smile, Jack got started together with his brother on their super creation in the sand.(2020年福建省初中学业水平考试)
( ) 1.What does the underlined word “hatched”in Paragraph 2 probably mean in Chinese
A．产生 B．改变
C．消失 D．中断
(3)
China is famous for tea. Drinking tea is very popular in China and even around the world. It's said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. A few thousand years later, Lu Yu, "the saint of tea", mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea.
Nowadays, according to different processing ways, there are mainly four kinds of Chinese tea. They are green tea, black tea, Oolong tea and scented（有香味的）tea. Without fermentation（发酵）, green tea keeps the original color of the tea. If the green tea is fermented before baking, it will be black tea. Oolong tea is partially（部分地）fermented. And if fragrant flowers are mixed in the tea during the processing, the scented tea will be made.
Tea is produced in many different areas in China. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea. Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. Later, the tea is packed and sent to many different countries and places around China.
It's believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn't appear until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.
Tea is good for people's health and plays an important role in Chinese social life. (2020年吉林省初中学业水平考试)
( ) 3.What does the underlined word "fragrant" mean
A．悦耳的 B．难闻的
C．难看的 D．芳香的
(4)
Recently children have been told to buy traditional alarm clocks instead of mobile phones to wake them up in the morning. Schools will advise pupils to turn off mobile phones or iPads in the evening to have enough sleep.
Researchers from a charity say that using internet-connected devices(装置)in the evening can prevent children getting more rest. Moreover, they suggest that school children should invest in a real alarm clock to make sure that they get a good night's sleep and arrive at school on time.
The result is that 40% pupils in secondary schools can now hardly get on well without these devices. About two-thirds of pupils have a habit of taking mobile phones to bed at night.
A study of about 3,000 pupils shows that almost half feel to be controlled by electronic devices. The study also shows that girls are more likely to be attracted by mobile phones than boys, and often use the Internet to talk to friends by social networking websites, such as Facebook and Twitter. One girl aged 12 said, "I have been told that I am addicted(上瘾的)to the Internet, and prefer being online to being with other people."
A girl of 13 told researchers, "I can't imagine if someone takes my iPad away. I walk around the house with it even though its' not turned on. I just like being with it." Another girl added, "Sometimes I can't sleep without using the mobile phone at night."
The charity, which was set up to promote(推动)iPads in the classroom, has now given five suggestions to protect children from being affected by electronic(电子的)devices. (2020年江苏省淮安市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 12.The underlined words "invest in" in Paragraph(段落)2 mean ________.
A．hand out B．hand in
C．spend time on D．spend money on
(5)
Chinese has a long history. It has shaped other languages in Asia the way Latin has shaped languages in the West. With this history, will Chinese have a surprising future
Over one billion people speak Chinese in the world — far more than any other language. It is the language of the country which is soon to have the world's largest economy (经济). Chinese people are found studying and doing business all over the world.
In fact, Chinese is definitely going to be a world language. Why is this certain We must look at the economic and political power (政治影响力) of China, which is increasing every day. In the past, world languages have always been the languages of countries with powerful economics. Latin, French and English were important because of the power of the countries that spoke those languages.
Foreign interest in Chinese has developed very quickly together with the development of the Chinese economy. Chinese has become one of the most important and popular languages to learn.
As China develops, more and more people will want to learn about Chinese language and culture, to work and study in China, and to do business with Chinese companies. Chinese will one day become an international language. (2020年黑龙江省大庆市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 2.What's probably the meaning of the underlined word "definitely" in the third paragraph
A．Always. B．Certainly.
C．Never. D．Possibly.
(6)
How would you like to build a time machine Paper, sticks, glue and string are all you need.Put them together to build a kite. A kite connects you to the past.
No one knows who flew the first kite. It was probably someone in China or perhaps Indonesia. Indonesian fishermen hung fishhooks on kites and sent them out to sea to catch fish. Starting 2,000 years ago, Chinese farmers flew kites to welcome the New Year and bring good luck to Earth.
In China, people also used kites during wartime. One Chinese story tells how soldiers put noise makers on kites and flew them at night over the enemy camp. The enemies were frightened by the noise and ran away.
About 1,300 years ago, Chinese travelers took kites to Japan. Soon kites filled the skies there.Kites reached Thailand about 700 years ago. During floods, Thai farmers flew kites over their fields They hoped the kites would drive away the clouds and stop the rain. Over time, kites flew their way out of Asia.Today, kites are a passion all over the world. Kite fans meet at festivals in many parts of the world and have great fun.
Over the years,Kites have also helped people understand the natural world.In 1749, for example, the rmometers were tied to kites to measure temperatures. In 1906, cameras hanging from kites took pictures of San Francisco, California after an earthquake. The photos helped people plan what to do.
Kites also helped inventors find out how to make airplanes. The Wright brothers studied how kites flew, which helped them make the first successful airplane.
Since the ancient Chinese first set their kites into the air,people have loved flying kites. Kites give us ways to celebrate, relax and explore. So go fly a kite! Enjoy the feeling of wonder that kite flyers have felt for centuries. (2020年广东省广州市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 13.The underlined word “passion”in Paragraph 4 means__________.
A．strong love B．useful machine
C．happy dream D．common treasure
(7)
What will astronauts eat when a space trip takes years
“Lots of fresh vegetables,” says Dr. Janet Williams, whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station. And it’s a good thing that she has already started her work, because space gardening can be really hard.
As usual, astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room. He had planted Dr. Williams’s quick-growing seedlings none of the stems were showing. He opened the room to check and found the problem. The stems weren’t growing upward and the roots weren’t growing downward. On Earth, gravity (重力) helps a plant’s stems and in it, but roots (根) to find “up” and “down”. However, in the space station, there was almost no gravity.
Dr. Williams suggested a method: give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And it worked. When the plants had more light, the stems turned up and the roots went down.
Now Dr. Williams was free to worry about the next problem: Would her baby plants live to flower Can we grow food on a space journey
Many plants died in the space station. Dr. Williams thought she knew why: the space plants were hungry for air. Plants live by taking up CO2 from the air. Since a plant uses it up in the air around, the plant needs moving air to bring more CO2 close to its surface! On Earth, the air is always moving. Gravity pulls down cold air, and warm air rises. And with these air movements, plants get enough CO2.
Many earlier experiments (实验) with plants in space had used closed rooms. Dr. Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan (电扇) to keep the air move. The plants loved it. They flowered and even produced more seeds. Using Dr. Williams’s method, astronaut George completed the first seed-to-seed experiment in space, and moved one plant closer to a garden in space.
“And this,” says Dr. Williams, “is good news for long-term space travel.” (2020年广东省广州市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 14.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refers to __________.
A．the moving air B．the closed room
C．the greenhouse D．the experiemnts
(8)
There are only 24 hours in a day，and usually about a third of that is spent sleeping.So is it possible to make use of this time and learn a new skill or even a language？In other words，is sleep learning possible？
Many studies have found that a basic form of learning called conditioning can happen during sleep.In a 2012 study published in the magazine Nature Neuroscience，for example，Israeli researchers found that people can learn to connect sounds with smells during sleep.The scientists played a tone to sleeping study participants while putting some rotten（腐烂的）fish beside their beds.Once awake when hearing the tone.The people held their breath in anticipation of a bad smell.
"This was a dear finding showing participants formed new memories during sleep， " said Andrillon，a scientist in this held.
Although the now memory was implicit （暗示性的），it could influence how people behave，researchers found in a 2014 study published in the Journal of Neuroscience.In that research，after spending a night in a room full of cigarette（香烟） smell mixed with rotten eggs or fish，smokers use fewer cigarettes.
Andrillon and his team members have found that learning in sleep can also go beyond simple conditioning.In their 2017 study published in Nature Communications，participants were able to pick out sound features that they had heard during sleep.
Learning abilities in sleep may spread to learning of words.In a study published in Current Biology，researchers played pairs of made﹣up words and their supposed meanings like "guga" means elephant，to sleep participants.After this，when awake，the participants did better in picking the right translation of made﹣up words in a multi﹣choice test.
So far，research suggests it may be possible to learn about the tone and pronunciation of a language or even the meaning of words while sleeping，although it is to a weaker level than what we do during the day without noticing. (2021年江苏省常州市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 2.What does the phrase ''new memories'' in the third paragraph refer to？
A. Connection between participants and scientists.
B. Connection between sounds and smells.
C. The tone's influence on the rotten fish.
D. The rotten eggs' influence on cigarettes.
(9)
You might have seen beautiful rainbows in the sky before. They form when sunlight falls on water drops in the air. But in fact, moonlight can also create rainbows in the same way. They are called "moonbows”. They are similar to rainbows, but they are created by moonlight instead of direct sunlight.
Moonbows are rarer than rainbows. Different weather and astronomical （天文学的）conditions have to be just right for moonbows to be created.
The moon has to be very low in the sky — only 42 degrees from the horizon （地平线）. The moon period has to be a full moon or nearly full. The sky must be very dark for a moonbow to be watched clearly — any bright light can obscure it. Water drops must appear in the air in the opposite direction of the moon.
Moonbows appear on the opposite side of the moon and usually look white to the human eye. This is because their colors are not bright enough to be noticed by the human eye. It is possible, however, to view the colors in a moonbow using long exposure （长时间 曝光）photography.
Moonbows more often appear in some locations around the world. Most of these locations usually have waterfalls, which create thin fog in the air. Some of these locations are the Yosemite National Park in California and Cumberland Falls State Resort Park in Kentucky, US; Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe; and Waimea in Hawaii, US.
Moonbows do really happen. So at a certain time and a certain place, when a moonbow happens to appear, you can't miss it if you' re right there. (2021年江苏省连云港市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 44.What does the underlined word "obscure "in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. cover B. drop C. connect D. produce
(10)
Chinese is mainly divided into 13 dialects（方言）and these dialects can be further divided into many kinds of local dialects. Putonghua (or Mandarin) the predominant dialect, is spoken by over 70% of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations, Within these large dialect groups, there are small groups, many of which are difficult to understand. In Fujian, for example, people living 10 kilometres away from one Another can be speaking different Min dialects.
Putonghua. It is the mother dialect of Chinese living in northern China and Sichuan Province. It is called Guoyu in some parts of China, like Hong Kong, Macao（澳门）and Taiwan, It is known in English as Mandarin Chinese, or Standard Chinese.
Wu. Spoken in Shanghai, most of Zhejiang and the southern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui Wu is made up of hundreds of different of spoken forms.
Hakka/Kejia. Hakka is widely spoken in Fujian. Taiwan, and some countries in Southeast Asia.
Min. It is spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. Min group is the most diverse（多样的）, with many different spoken forms used in neighbouring countries.
Yue. It is spoken in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, all over Southeast Asia and by many Chinese living abroad. (2021年江苏省苏州市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 24. What does the underlined word "predominant" mean
A. More beautiful. B. More special C. More interesting. D. More common.
(11)
Many of us stayed at home in January because of COVID-19, but a special mom and her two babies took a trip. They were driven a few miles from a breeding center in northeastern Argentina to a 1.7 million-acre nature reserve called Gran Ibera Park. There the three jaguars were released into the wild.
Their release was the first reintroduction of jaguars in that part of Argentina since the species (物种) almost died out there 70 years ago. Scientists hope they can turn things around for this important apex predator, meaning one that is on top of the food chain (链). Only 200 to 300 jaguars remain in the country.
"That is the highest level of protection that can be given in Argentina," says Sebastian Di Martino. He's the conservation director for Rewilding Argentina, which is one of the organizations helping to restore jaguar populations.
The jaguars' journey started in 2018 when the park was built in the Ibera Wetlands. Several thousand jaguars once lived there, along with other important species. But the jaguars' fur was valuable, so people hunted them. Then farmers cleared the land they lived on. With the jaguars gone, the ecosystem was out of balance.
“In the absence of this species, ecosystems stop working well and may even collapse," Di Martino says. "The main prey (猎物) of the jaguar is the capybara and the caiman. They are very abundant because of the absence of the jaguar, which causes imbalances in the ecosystem."
The park was the first step to give jaguars a place to live. Then they needed to breed. A female named Mariua mated with a male jaguar from Brazil. Mariua then gave birth to the two baby jaguars.
It sounds simple, but the reality is more complicated. Di Martino said that jaguars born at breeding centers have to learn how to hunt and must not become used to humans. Otherwise, they will not have success in the wild.
The people who work at the breeding center stay out of sight. They use video cameras to watch the jaguars from several miles away.“We provide live prey for them, without them realizing it comes from people," Di Martino said.
Mariua wears a radio collar so researchers can track her and her babies, Karai and Pord. “So far, so good. She's been hunting capybaras and wild pigs and is raising her babies very well," Di Martino says. (2021年江苏省无锡市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 36. What does the underlined word “abundant" mean in this passage
A. More than enough. B. Less than enough.
C. Getting more powerful. D. Getting less powerful.
(12)
When I was a girl growing up, I cannot once ever remember either my mum or my grandma wasting food.
Anything we didn't eat at one meal was leftovers (剩菜）。 I can remember my grandma making a huge pot of potatoes. We would all eat until we were full enough, but there were always about half of the potatoes left over. A few days later, Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge, boil some noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together. And I also remember when I watched my mum fry bacon (煎培根） for us in the mornings, she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes. I was an adult before I realized that potatoes didn't actually taste like bacon!
I learned their lessons well, and after I grew up, I tried to never waste food myself. I always planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping list so that nothing went to waste. Every meal went into our stomachs and any leftovers were later eaten by either myself, my boys, my husband or my dogs. To me, throwing food into the bin was just wrong.
However, when it comes to living, there are no leftovers. Life is just like a feast. Each moment that you don't live is lost forever. Life cannot be saved or stored. Each day is a fresh beginning. Live each moment of your life to the fullest, then. (2021年广东省深圳市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 19. What does the underlined word “feast” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Sweat dream. B. Large meal.
C. Happy story. D. Beautiful picture.
(13)
Solar panels（太阳能电池板）are a kind of environmentally-friendly product. They take energy from the sun and turn it into electricity. In many parts of the world, solar panels are used to produce electricity. More and more people have started using solar panels to provide power for their homes.
However, solar panels also have their disadvantages. They can’t produce energy all the time and they stop working at night and on rainy days. Then a question comes: Is it possible to make them produce electricity all the time
Scientists at Suzhou University, China, have invented a new solar panel. It can produce electricity not only from solar energy but also from the falling rain. When a raindrop falls on the solar panel and then rolls（滚动）down, it creates friction（摩擦力）on the surface of the panel, which can then be turned into electricity.
Sun Baoquan is one of the inventors. “Our new invention can produce electricity almost in any weather during the day,” he says. “It can even provide electricity at night if there is rain.”
The solar panel, however, does not make a lot of electricity from falling rain. So Sun Baoquan is still working hard to improve it. The scientist also wants to make solar panels more flexible, which can be as soft as clothing. Solar energy is a kind of clean, safe and cheap energy. The field of solar energy is developing fast. Scientists around the world have been improving solar panels. Some have been working on ways to join solar panels and wind power together. Some have been trying to use sunlight to produce liquid（液体的）and gas fuels. They hope they can serve people better with more green energy. (2022年广东省深圳市福田区二模)
( ) 23. What does the underlined word “flexible” most probably mean
A. Colorful. B. Practical. C. Beautiful. D. Changeable.
(14)
While history has shown that the economic development is sometimes achieved at the cost of environmental damage, Shenzhen is trying to tell a different story.
Shenzhen has been developing quickly in recent years. At the same time, the city’s air quality has kept improving. In 2019, the average concentration (浓度) of PM2.5 was 24 μg/m3, the lowest level since the monitoring system started in 2006. The city has set a goal to lower the index to less than 20 μg/m3 by 2025 and reach a world-leading level by 2035.
One of the most effective ways to curb air pollution is to encourage the use of electric vehicles, especially in public transport, across the city. At the end of 2017, Shenzhen became the world’s first city to make all its public buses, about 16,400 of them, run on electricity. A year later, more than 21,000 taxis in the city were almost all replaced by electric cars.
When the sky becomes clearer, the city has also made great progress in solving its water pollution. All 159 black and smelly water bodies and 1,467 small ones have been fully recovered. Five major rivers that run through the city have met national water standards (标准).
Maozhou River, one of the most heavily polluted rivers in Shenzhen, started to meet the lowest national standard for qualified(合格的) surface water in November 2019. The standard is that the water can be used for agriculture or sightseeing. This was the best level the river had achieved since 1992.
As a result, Chinese white dolphins and jellyfish have been seen to return to the Shenzhen Bay. And the number of many animals in and along the river has increased year by year. (2022年广东省深圳市南山区二模)
( ) 21.What does the underlined word “curb” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Produce. B. Control. C. Protect. D. Cause.
(15)
In a digital age, we almost never write things by hand. However, new brain research, led by researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, confirms handwriting has many benefits. It results in better learning and memory over using a keyboard.
The study was conducted using equipment to track and record brain wave activity. The participants included 12 young adults and 12 children. Each was asked to write by hand and type on a keyboard while wearing a hood (风帽)with over 250 electrodes (电极). The sensors (传感器) in the electrodes are very sensitive and pick up the electrical activity that takes place in the brain. Each person took turns to have a 45-minute examination.
The results showed that the brain in both young adults and children is much more active when writing by hand than when typing on a keyboard. According to Van der Meer, plenty of senses are activated by pressing a pen on paper. These sense experiences build contact between different parts of the brain, opening the brain up for learning.
Van der Meer believes that the results stress the importance of children being challenged to draw and write at an early age, especially at school. “Learning to write by hand is a bit slower process, but it’s important for children to go through the tiring phase of learning to write by hand,” she said.
The hand movements used to form the shapes of letters are beneficial in several ways. “If you use a keyboard, you use the same movement for each letter. Writing by hand requires control of your fine motor(精细动作) skills and senses. It is important to put the brain in a learning state as often as possible,” Van der Meer added. (2022年广东省深圳市坪山区二模)
( ) 16. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Learning. B. Memorizing. C. Typing. D. Handwriting.
(16)
For the past six years, Jordan Romero has been running after a dream. That dream has taken him to the top of the world’s highest mountains.The dream came true when the California teenager stepped onto the top of Mount Vinson Massif in Antarctica (南极洲).
On that day—December 24, 2011—Jordan became the youngest person to have climbed the tallest mountain on each of the seven continents(大陆). These mountains are known as the “seven summits(顶峰)”.
It all began when Jordan was 9 years old. He was attracted by a school wall painting that showed the seven summits. Jordan had never climbed a mountain before. But he told his dad that he wanted to climb them ALL!
In fact, Jordan’s dad was an experienced mountaineer. From that day on, Jordan’s parents trained him in top-level mountaineering and climbed every mountain with him. As part of “Team Jordan”, they also became the first family to climb the seven summits together.
Training to climb the highest mountains in the world involves a lot of hard work. But Jordan has always been very active—it’s just the way he lives. Still, there were times when he thought, “Yeah, I want to be done.” But he refused to give up. When others thought he was too young to climb Mount Everest, the world’s highest mountain, he just kept thinking. “All you no-sayers, I’ll show you.” He sure did. When he was 13, he became the youngest person to reach Mount Everest.
He encourages kids to “find your Everest.” That doesn’t mean he wants everyone to start mountain climbing. He means find something you love doing and try your best to make it. “Anything is possible,” Jordan says. (2022年广东省深圳市坪山区一模)
( ) 18. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Jordan felt tired of the training. B. Jordan was happy with his lifestyle.
C. Jordan didn’t want to give up. D. Jordan thought he could make it.
(17)
Antarctica(南极洲) is one of the hardest places to reach on Earth. But a recent report shows that ships going to Antarctica have connections to ports(港口) around the world. That causes plants or animals from outside to come to this area.
Scientists studied all the ships going to Antarctica between 2014 and 2018. Most ships came from one of five main ports that serve Antarctica. Still, there were 53 other ports that sent ships to the area.
The researchers also looked at how many different ports these ships stopped at. They found that ships that visited Antarctica had connections to 1,581 ports all around the world.
The scientists worry that ships traveling to Antarctica from all around the world could bring invasive species(入侵物种). Invasive species are animals or plants that arrive in a place where they don’t normally live. When invasive species are brought to a new place, they could force out other plants and animals that live there. In other parts of the world, invasive sea animals and plants have caused trouble after arriving. Antarctica is the only place on Earth that has had very few invasive species so far.
There are four kinds of ships that visit Antarctica: tourist ships, research ships, fishing boats, and ships bringing supplies(补给) for scientists. Fishing boats usually visit fewer ports and stay in Antarctica longer. About two-thirds of the ships that visit Antarctica are tourist ships.
The conditions in Antarctica are harsh, and the report makes several suggestions for improving the situation. One idea is for ships to be coated in a special covering that makes it hard for invasive species to stay on them. (2022年广东省深圳市盐田区一模)
( ) 19. What does the underlined word “harsh” probably mean in English
A. Too bright. B. Quite dangerous.
C. Not serious. D. Very difficult.
(18)
Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping（击掌）and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long, colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers click their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other.
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic — some are more like gymnastics than dancing! Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords（剑）, The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities, for example, sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn't touch it! After a successful "limbo", they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Mask（面具）dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorful. There are masks of people, monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today, Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists. (2021年浙江省杭州市初中学业水平考试)
( )24. What does the underlined word "gymnastics" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. A play. B. A sport. C. A celebration. D. A show.
(19)
The first emperor of China, Qin Shihuang, completed a huge number of projects during his rule. Between 221 and 210 B. C., he started the building of the Great Wall. The emperor also ordered the building of a huge army of life-sized terracotta soldiers（士兵）. These, he hoped, would protect his tomb after his death.
Lost in Time
The soldiers in Xi'an's terracotta museum are today light brown, but they weren't always. They began as an army of red, blue, yellow, green, white, and purple. Sadly, most of the colors did not last to the present day. After being exposed（暴露）to air during digging, the coating under the paint began to fall off. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes to boil an egg, taking away with it important pieces of history.
New Technology
Now new technology is starting to show the army's true colors. Archeologists（考古学家）have recently discovered an area with more than a hundred soldiers. Many of these still have their painted features, including black hair, pink faces, and black or brown eyes. Chinese and German researchers have developed a chemical liquid（液体）to help save the soldiers' colors. After finding a soldier or another art piece, archeologists put the liquid on it. They then cover it in plastic.
Back to Life
Archeologists are also finding colors in the dirt around the soldiers. It's important not to do anything with the dirt, so the colors won't be lost. "We are treating the dirt as an art piece, "says Rong Bo, the museum's leading archeologist. The next challenge, says Rong Bo, is to find a way to use the colors onto the army-again. Once that happens, artists can bring Emperor Qin's army back to its full, bright colors. (2021年浙江省湖州市初中学业水平考试)
( )35. What does the underlined word "they" in the passage refer to
A. Archeologists. B. Artists. C. Researchers. D. Soldier.
(20)
Masa walked slowly towards the house, stopping now and then to cut off dead leaves or fading flowers. There were few weeds（杂草）. Yuki had spent many hours of her two-week visit weeding in the garden. Masa wondered if Yuki had spent so much of her time outside because she wanted to avoid talking to her.
But Yuki must have wanted very much to see us, Masa told herself. She had visited in the last weeks of June, as soon as her college was out for the summer.
She said she wanted to stay longer but couldn't because she had to work. Besides, she needed to use the studio at her college for photography and she had to go to the library to read,
"Why do you have to go to college to study art "Masa asked her. "All the great artists didn't go to college. "
Yuki shook her head. "That was a different time. It's hard to explain. "
"I was thinking you could live with us all year round and still be an artist. This is a nice quiet place to live. "
"I don't know. How would I support myself here " "You can always give lessons. "Masa said.
"But I don't want to spend a long time looking at kids' drawings. "
"What will you do after you graduate, anyway Will you become a teacher somewhere else then "
"Grandma, I don't know. "Yuki sighed.
"What is the use of going to college if you don't know what you're going there for " "Maybe I'm going because I don't know. I just want to study art now. I don't want to think that far ahead. "
The minute Masa was going to point out that this was too careless a way to live, Yuki suddenly stood up and put on her straw hat.
"I'm going to the garden to weed your flowerbed", she said, "Let me know if there's something else I can do ""
On Yuki's visit, Masa felt strained when they talked, and she was sure Yuki also felt it. But Yuki was never rude or irritable（易怒的）. Even when they disagreed, her face was always full of patience. (2021年浙江省湖州市初中学业水平考试)
( )43. The underlined word "strained" in the last paragraph probably shows Masa felt ______.
A. unforgettable B. uncomfortable C. thankful D. crazy
参考答案
1-5 C A D D B 6-10 A A B A D
11-15 A B D B D 16-20 A D B A B阅读微技能·代词指示&词义猜测题 专项训练
代词指示题解题技巧：(1) 代词所指代的内容通常不是紧靠在其前的名词内容；(2) 在完成判断后，通过回读文本可以有效检验答案的正确性。回读文本既需要回读本句——检验选项在本句中的合理性，也需要回读前后文——检验选项在前后文语境中的合理性。
生词释义题解题技巧：(1) 生词释义题相对代词指示题难度更大，答题依据既可设置在同段落中生词前文，也可设置在生词后文；(2)生词释义题的答题依据通常和生词存在3种逻辑关系：①解释说明； ②并列； ③对比对立。(3)生词释义题偶尔会考察基础意和引申义区别，解题过程中切忌直选。建议通读选项，代入所有选项排除法解题。
(1)
As COVID-19 is still spreading in many countries, quickly finding people who have the virus is very important. But COVID-19 is not easy to detect. Many people who catch the virus clearly show signs of being ill, like having a fever or coughing. But many others show no signs at all. These people are "asymptomatic" and they can still pass the virus to others.
Now, scientists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a famous American college, have developed a method which can quickly detect whether a person has COVID-19 or not just from the way he or she coughs or speaks. The scientists turned to an AI method known as “deep learning”.
In deep learning, computer programs collected a lot of information, analyzed （分析）it and built certain models. The information here was tens of thousands of recordings of coughing and speaking from people who had caught the virus. When the scientists tested their Al models, they found that they could detect 98.5% of the people who caught the virus, including 100% of the asymptomatic people.
Brian Subirana, one of the scientists, says, "We think this shows that the way one person produces sound changes when he or she has COVID-19,even if he or she is asymptomatic." The scientists now want to turn their models into an app that can run on mobile phones. If they are able to do that, it could allow people to quickly and easily check whether they have caught the virus.( 2020-2021学年深圳市福田区九年级上英语期末考试题)
( ) 3.What does the underlined word "they" refer to？
A.the viruses B.the scientists
C.the Al models D.the asymptomatic people
(2)
Frankand his brother Jack lived near the ocean. Frank was outgoing while Jack was shy. They liked doing different things. Frank was famous for organizing games of beach volleyball, football, and any other sport imaginable. Jack preferred to draw, paint, or build sandcastles(沙堡).
Frank didn't understand why Jack would rather do artistic things than play ball. He believed sports often allowed many kids to play together. That was when Jack's idea hatched．He would show Frank what doing things together looked like!
After Jack finished creating a special sandcastle with stairs,towers and walls,he took pictures of it.Then he painted colorful posters featuring(突出)his sandcastle and the question,“Can you top this？”He hung his posters everywhere in town, announcing his plan for a day of sandcastle artistry—all ages welcome.
When Frank saw a poster,he not so nicely told Jack that no one would come.Still,shortly after sunrise on Saturday, Jackwas on the beach digging in the sand.By mid morning,four kids were sculpting(雕塑)the sand alongside him.By noon the number had increased a lot.
After Frank came back from his ball game, he went to check how his brother's plan turned out.He couldn't believe what he saw.At least 30 people were building a city of sandcastles, and everyone was chatting and laughing and working together! It was the most beautiful thing he had seen on the beach.
“I guess you've proved me wrong,”Frank said.“You should make this sandcastle day a yearly tradition！”Handing Frank a shovel(铲子)with a smile, Jack got started together with his brother on their super creation in the sand.(2020年福建省初中学业水平考试)
( ) 1.What does the underlined word “hatched”in Paragraph 2 probably mean in Chinese
A．产生 B．改变
C．消失 D．中断
(3)
China is famous for tea. Drinking tea is very popular in China and even around the world. It's said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. A few thousand years later, Lu Yu, "the saint of tea", mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea.
Nowadays, according to different processing ways, there are mainly four kinds of Chinese tea. They are green tea, black tea, Oolong tea and scented（有香味的）tea. Without fermentation（发酵）, green tea keeps the original color of the tea. If the green tea is fermented before baking, it will be black tea. Oolong tea is partially（部分地）fermented. And if fragrant flowers are mixed in the tea during the processing, the scented tea will be made.
Tea is produced in many different areas in China. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea. Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. Later, the tea is packed and sent to many different countries and places around China.
It's believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn't appear until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.
Tea is good for people's health and plays an important role in Chinese social life. (2020年吉林省初中学业水平考试)
( ) 3.What does the underlined word "fragrant" mean
A．悦耳的 B．难闻的
C．难看的 D．芳香的
(4)
Recently children have been told to buy traditional alarm clocks instead of mobile phones to wake them up in the morning. Schools will advise pupils to turn off mobile phones or iPads in the evening to have enough sleep.
Researchers from a charity say that using internet-connected devices(装置)in the evening can prevent children getting more rest. Moreover, they suggest that school children should invest in a real alarm clock to make sure that they get a good night's sleep and arrive at school on time.
The result is that 40% pupils in secondary schools can now hardly get on well without these devices. About two-thirds of pupils have a habit of taking mobile phones to bed at night.
A study of about 3,000 pupils shows that almost half feel to be controlled by electronic devices. The study also shows that girls are more likely to be attracted by mobile phones than boys, and often use the Internet to talk to friends by social networking websites, such as Facebook and Twitter. One girl aged 12 said, "I have been told that I am addicted(上瘾的)to the Internet, and prefer being online to being with other people."
A girl of 13 told researchers, "I can't imagine if someone takes my iPad away. I walk around the house with it even though its' not turned on. I just like being with it." Another girl added, "Sometimes I can't sleep without using the mobile phone at night."
The charity, which was set up to promote(推动)iPads in the classroom, has now given five suggestions to protect children from being affected by electronic(电子的)devices. (2020年江苏省淮安市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 12.The underlined words "invest in" in Paragraph(段落)2 mean ________.
A．hand out B．hand in
C．spend time on D．spend money on
(5)
Chinese has a long history. It has shaped other languages in Asia the way Latin has shaped languages in the West. With this history, will Chinese have a surprising future
Over one billion people speak Chinese in the world — far more than any other language. It is the language of the country which is soon to have the world's largest economy (经济). Chinese people are found studying and doing business all over the world.
In fact, Chinese is definitely going to be a world language. Why is this certain We must look at the economic and political power (政治影响力) of China, which is increasing every day. In the past, world languages have always been the languages of countries with powerful economics. Latin, French and English were important because of the power of the countries that spoke those languages.
Foreign interest in Chinese has developed very quickly together with the development of the Chinese economy. Chinese has become one of the most important and popular languages to learn.
As China develops, more and more people will want to learn about Chinese language and culture, to work and study in China, and to do business with Chinese companies. Chinese will one day become an international language. (2020年黑龙江省大庆市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 2.What's probably the meaning of the underlined word "definitely" in the third paragraph
A．Always. B．Certainly.
C．Never. D．Possibly.
(6)
How would you like to build a time machine Paper, sticks, glue and string are all you need.Put them together to build a kite. A kite connects you to the past.
No one knows who flew the first kite. It was probably someone in China or perhaps Indonesia. Indonesian fishermen hung fishhooks on kites and sent them out to sea to catch fish. Starting 2,000 years ago, Chinese farmers flew kites to welcome the New Year and bring good luck to Earth.
In China, people also used kites during wartime. One Chinese story tells how soldiers put noise makers on kites and flew them at night over the enemy camp. The enemies were frightened by the noise and ran away.
About 1,300 years ago, Chinese travelers took kites to Japan. Soon kites filled the skies there.Kites reached Thailand about 700 years ago. During floods, Thai farmers flew kites over their fields They hoped the kites would drive away the clouds and stop the rain. Over time, kites flew their way out of Asia.Today, kites are a passion all over the world. Kite fans meet at festivals in many parts of the world and have great fun.
Over the years,Kites have also helped people understand the natural world.In 1749, for example, the rmometers were tied to kites to measure temperatures. In 1906, cameras hanging from kites took pictures of San Francisco, California after an earthquake. The photos helped people plan what to do.
Kites also helped inventors find out how to make airplanes. The Wright brothers studied how kites flew, which helped them make the first successful airplane.
Since the ancient Chinese first set their kites into the air,people have loved flying kites. Kites give us ways to celebrate, relax and explore. So go fly a kite! Enjoy the feeling of wonder that kite flyers have felt for centuries. (2020年广东省广州市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 13.The underlined word “passion”in Paragraph 4 means__________.
A．strong love B．useful machine
C．happy dream D．common treasure
(7)
What will astronauts eat when a space trip takes years
“Lots of fresh vegetables,” says Dr. Janet Williams, whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station. And it’s a good thing that she has already started her work, because space gardening can be really hard.
As usual, astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room. He had planted Dr. Williams’s quick-growing seedlings none of the stems were showing. He opened the room to check and found the problem. The stems weren’t growing upward and the roots weren’t growing downward. On Earth, gravity (重力) helps a plant’s stems and in it, but roots (根) to find “up” and “down”. However, in the space station, there was almost no gravity.
Dr. Williams suggested a method: give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And it worked. When the plants had more light, the stems turned up and the roots went down.
Now Dr. Williams was free to worry about the next problem: Would her baby plants live to flower Can we grow food on a space journey
Many plants died in the space station. Dr. Williams thought she knew why: the space plants were hungry for air. Plants live by taking up CO2 from the air. Since a plant uses it up in the air around, the plant needs moving air to bring more CO2 close to its surface! On Earth, the air is always moving. Gravity pulls down cold air, and warm air rises. And with these air movements, plants get enough CO2.
Many earlier experiments (实验) with plants in space had used closed rooms. Dr. Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan (电扇) to keep the air move. The plants loved it. They flowered and even produced more seeds. Using Dr. Williams’s method, astronaut George completed the first seed-to-seed experiment in space, and moved one plant closer to a garden in space.
“And this,” says Dr. Williams, “is good news for long-term space travel.” (2020年广东省广州市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 14.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refers to __________.
A．the moving air B．the closed room
C．the greenhouse D．the experiemnts
(8)
There are only 24 hours in a day，and usually about a third of that is spent sleeping.So is it possible to make use of this time and learn a new skill or even a language？In other words，is sleep learning possible？
Many studies have found that a basic form of learning called conditioning can happen during sleep.In a 2012 study published in the magazine Nature Neuroscience，for example，Israeli researchers found that people can learn to connect sounds with smells during sleep.The scientists played a tone to sleeping study participants while putting some rotten（腐烂的）fish beside their beds.Once awake when hearing the tone.The people held their breath in anticipation of a bad smell.
"This was a dear finding showing participants formed new memories during sleep， " said Andrillon，a scientist in this held.
Although the now memory was implicit （暗示性的），it could influence how people behave，researchers found in a 2014 study published in the Journal of Neuroscience.In that research，after spending a night in a room full of cigarette（香烟） smell mixed with rotten eggs or fish，smokers use fewer cigarettes.
Andrillon and his team members have found that learning in sleep can also go beyond simple conditioning.In their 2017 study published in Nature Communications，participants were able to pick out sound features that they had heard during sleep.
Learning abilities in sleep may spread to learning of words.In a study published in Current Biology，researchers played pairs of made﹣up words and their supposed meanings like "guga" means elephant，to sleep participants.After this，when awake，the participants did better in picking the right translation of made﹣up words in a multi﹣choice test.
So far，research suggests it may be possible to learn about the tone and pronunciation of a language or even the meaning of words while sleeping，although it is to a weaker level than what we do during the day without noticing. (2021年江苏省常州市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 2.What does the phrase ''new memories'' in the third paragraph refer to？
A.Connection between participants and scientists.
B.Connection between sounds and smells.
C.The tone's influence on the rotten fish.
D.The rotten eggs' influence on cigarettes.
(9)
You might have seen beautiful rainbows in the sky before. They form when sunlight falls on water drops in the air. But in fact, moonlight can also create rainbows in the same way. They are called "moonbows”. They are similar to rainbows, but they are created by moonlight instead of direct sunlight.
Moonbows are rarer than rainbows. Different weather and astronomical （天文学的）conditions have to be just right for moonbows to be created.
The moon has to be very low in the sky — only 42 degrees from the horizon （地平线）. The moon period has to be a full moon or nearly full. The sky must be very dark for a moonbow to be watched clearly — any bright light can obscure it. Water drops must appear in the air in the opposite direction of the moon.
Moonbows appear on the opposite side of the moon and usually look white to the human eye. This is because their colors are not bright enough to be noticed by the human eye. It is possible, however, to view the colors in a moonbow using long exposure （长时间 曝光）photography.
Moonbows more often appear in some locations around the world. Most of these locations usually have waterfalls, which create thin fog in the air. Some of these locations are the Yosemite National Park in California and Cumberland Falls State Resort Park in Kentucky, US; Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe; and Waimea in Hawaii, US.
Moonbows do really happen. So at a certain time and a certain place, when a moonbow happens to appear, you can't miss it if you' re right there. (2021年江苏省连云港市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 44.What does the underlined word "obscure "in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. cover B. drop C. connect D. produce
(10)
Chinese is mainly divided into 13 dialects（方言）and these dialects can be further divided into many kinds of local dialects. Putonghua (or Mandarin) the predominant dialect, is spoken by over 70% of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations, Within these large dialect groups, there are small groups, many of which are difficult to understand. In Fujian, for example, people living 10 kilometres away from one Another can be speaking different Min dialects.
Putonghua. It is the mother dialect of Chinese living in northern China and Sichuan Province. It is called Guoyu in some parts of China, like Hong Kong, Macao（澳门）and Taiwan, It is known in English as Mandarin Chinese, or Standard Chinese.
Wu. Spoken in Shanghai, most of Zhejiang and the southern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui Wu is made up of hundreds of different of spoken forms.
Hakka/Kejia. Hakka is widely spoken in Fujian. Taiwan, and some countries in Southeast Asia.
Min. It is spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. Min group is the most diverse（多样的）, with many different spoken forms used in neighbouring countries.
Yue. It is spoken in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, all over Southeast Asia and by many Chinese living abroad. (2021年江苏省苏州市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 24. What does the underlined word "predominant" mean
A. More beautiful. B. More special C. More interesting. D. More common.
(11)
Many of us stayed at home in January because of COVID-19, but a special mom and her two babies took a trip. They were driven a few miles from a breeding center in northeastern Argentina to a 1.7 million-acre nature reserve called Gran Ibera Park. There the three jaguars were released into the wild.
Their release was the first reintroduction of jaguars in that part of Argentina since the species (物种) almost died out there 70 years ago. Scientists hope they can turn things around for this important apex predator, meaning one that is on top of the food chain (链). Only 200 to 300 jaguars remain in the country.
"That is the highest level of protection that can be given in Argentina," says Sebastian Di Martino. He's the conservation director for Rewilding Argentina, which is one of the organizations helping to restore jaguar populations.
The jaguars' journey started in 2018 when the park was built in the Ibera Wetlands. Several thousand jaguars once lived there, along with other important species. But the jaguars' fur was valuable, so people hunted them. Then farmers cleared the land they lived on. With the jaguars gone, the ecosystem was out of balance.
“In the absence of this species, ecosystems stop working well and may even collapse," Di Martino says. "The main prey (猎物) of the jaguar is the capybara and the caiman. They are very abundant because of the absence of the jaguar, which causes imbalances in the ecosystem."
The park was the first step to give jaguars a place to live. Then they needed to breed. A female named Mariua mated with a male jaguar from Brazil. Mariua then gave birth to the two baby jaguars.
It sounds simple, but the reality is more complicated. Di Martino said that jaguars born at breeding centers have to learn how to hunt and must not become used to humans. Otherwise, they will not have success in the wild.
The people who work at the breeding center stay out of sight. They use video cameras to watch the jaguars from several miles away.“We provide live prey for them, without them realizing it comes from people," Di Martino said.
Mariua wears a radio collar so researchers can track her and her babies, Karai and Pord. “So far, so good. She's been hunting capybaras and wild pigs and is raising her babies very well," Di Martino says. (2021年江苏省无锡市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 36. What does the underlined word “abundant" mean in this passage
A. More than enough. B. Less than enough.
C. Getting more powerful. D. Getting less powerful.
(12)
When I was a girl growing up, I cannot once ever remember either my mum or my grandma wasting food.
Anything we didn't eat at one meal was leftovers (剩菜）。 I can remember my grandma making a huge pot of potatoes. We would all eat until we were full enough, but there were always about half of the potatoes left over. A few days later, Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge, boil some noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together. And I also remember when I watched my mum fry bacon (煎培根） for us in the mornings, she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes. I was an adult before I realized that potatoes didn't actually taste like bacon!
I learned their lessons well, and after I grew up, I tried to never waste food myself. I always planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping list so that nothing went to waste. Every meal went into our stomachs and any leftovers were later eaten by either myself, my boys, my husband or my dogs. To me, throwing food into the bin was just wrong.
However, when it comes to living, there are no leftovers. Life is just like a feast. Each moment that you don't live is lost forever. Life cannot be saved or stored. Each day is a fresh beginning. Live each moment of your life to the fullest, then. (2021年广东省深圳市初中学业水平考试)
( ) 19. What does the underlined word “feast” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Sweat dream. B.Large meal.
C.Happy story. D.Beautiful picture.
(13)
Solar panels（太阳能电池板）are a kind of environmentally-friendly product. They take energy from the sun and turn it into electricity. In many parts of the world, solar panels are used to produce electricity. More and more people have started using solar panels to provide power for their homes.
However, solar panels also have their disadvantages. They can’t produce energy all the time and they stop working at night and on rainy days. Then a question comes: Is it possible to make them produce electricity all the time
Scientists at Suzhou University, China, have invented a new solar panel. It can produce electricity not only from solar energy but also from the falling rain. When a raindrop falls on the solar panel and then rolls（滚动）down, it creates friction（摩擦力）on the surface of the panel, which can then be turned into electricity.
Sun Baoquan is one of the inventors. “Our new invention can produce electricity almost in any weather during the day,” he says. “It can even provide electricity at night if there is rain.”
The solar panel, however, does not make a lot of electricity from falling rain. So Sun Baoquan is still working hard to improve it. The scientist also wants to make solar panels more flexible, which can be as soft as clothing. Solar energy is a kind of clean, safe and cheap energy. The field of solar energy is developing fast. Scientists around the world have been improving solar panels. Some have been working on ways to join solar panels and wind power together. Some have been trying to use sunlight to produce liquid（液体的）and gas fuels. They hope they can serve people better with more green energy. (2022年广东省深圳市福田区二模)
( ) 23. What does the underlined word “flexible” most probably mean
A. Colorful. B. Practical. C. Beautiful. D. Changeable.
(14)
While history has shown that the economic development is sometimes achieved at the cost of environmental damage, Shenzhen is trying to tell a different story.
Shenzhen has been developing quickly in recent years. At the same time, the city’s air quality has kept improving. In 2019, the average concentration (浓度) of PM2.5 was 24 μg/m3, the lowest level since the monitoring system started in 2006. The city has set a goal to lower the index to less than 20 μg/m3 by 2025 and reach a world-leading level by 2035.
One of the most effective ways to curb air pollution is to encourage the use of electric vehicles, especially in public transport, across the city. At the end of 2017, Shenzhen became the world’s first city to make all its public buses, about 16,400 of them, run on electricity. A year later, more than 21,000 taxis in the city were almost all replaced by electric cars.
When the sky becomes clearer, the city has also made great progress in solving its water pollution. All 159 black and smelly water bodies and 1,467 small ones have been fully recovered. Five major rivers that run through the city have met national water standards (标准).
Maozhou River, one of the most heavily polluted rivers in Shenzhen, started to meet the lowest national standard for qualified(合格的) surface water in November 2019. The standard is that the water can be used for agriculture or sightseeing. This was the best level the river had achieved since 1992.
As a result, Chinese white dolphins and jellyfish have been seen to return to the Shenzhen Bay. And the number of many animals in and along the river has increased year by year. (2022年广东省深圳市南山区二模)
( ) 21.What does the underlined word “curb” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Produce. B. Control. C. Protect. D. Cause.
(15)
In a digital age, we almost never write things by hand. However, new brain research, led by researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, confirms handwriting has many benefits. It results in better learning and memory over using a keyboard.
The study was conducted using equipment to track and record brain wave activity. The participants included 12 young adults and 12 children. Each was asked to write by hand and type on a keyboard while wearing a hood (风帽)with over 250 electrodes (电极). The sensors (传感器) in the electrodes are very sensitive and pick up the electrical activity that takes place in the brain. Each person took turns to have a 45-minute examination.
The results showed that the brain in both young adults and children is much more active when writing by hand than when typing on a keyboard. According to Van der Meer, plenty of senses are activated by pressing a pen on paper. These sense experiences build contact between different parts of the brain, opening the brain up for learning.
Van der Meer believes that the results stress the importance of children being challenged to draw and write at an early age, especially at school. “Learning to write by hand is a bit slower process, but it’s important for children to go through the tiring phase of learning to write by hand,” she said.
The hand movements used to form the shapes of letters are beneficial in several ways. “If you use a keyboard, you use the same movement for each letter. Writing by hand requires control of your fine motor(精细动作) skills and senses. It is important to put the brain in a learning state as often as possible,” Van der Meer added. (2022年广东省深圳市坪山区二模)
( ) 16. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Learning. B. Memorizing. C. Typing. D. Handwriting.
(16)
For the past six years, Jordan Romero has been running after a dream. That dream has taken him to the top of the world’s highest mountains.The dream came true when the California teenager stepped onto the top of Mount Vinson Massif in Antarctica (南极洲).
On that day—December 24, 2011—Jordan became the youngest person to have climbed the tallest mountain on each of the seven continents(大陆). These mountains are known as the “seven summits(顶峰)”.
It all began when Jordan was 9 years old. He was attracted by a school wall painting that showed the seven summits. Jordan had never climbed a mountain before. But he told his dad that he wanted to climb them ALL!
In fact, Jordan’s dad was an experienced mountaineer. From that day on, Jordan’s parents trained him in top-level mountaineering and climbed every mountain with him. As part of “Team Jordan”, they also became the first family to climb the seven summits together.
Training to climb the highest mountains in the world involves a lot of hard work. But Jordan has always been very active—it’s just the way he lives. Still, there were times when he thought, “Yeah, I want to be done.” But he refused to give up. When others thought he was too young to climb Mount Everest, the world’s highest mountain, he just kept thinking. “All you no-sayers, I’ll show you.” He sure did. When he was 13, he became the youngest person to reach Mount Everest.
He encourages kids to “find your Everest.” That doesn’t mean he wants everyone to start mountain climbing. He means find something you love doing and try your best to make it. “Anything is possible,” Jordan says. (2022年广东省深圳市坪山区一模)
( ) 18. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Jordan felt tired of the training. B. Jordan was happy with his lifestyle.
C. Jordan didn’t want to give up. D. Jordan thought he could make it.
(17)
Antarctica(南极洲) is one of the hardest places to reach on Earth. But a recent report shows that ships going to Antarctica have connections to ports(港口) around the world. That causes plants or animals from outside to come to this area.
Scientists studied all the ships going to Antarctica between 2014 and 2018. Most ships came from one of five main ports that serve Antarctica. Still, there were 53 other ports that sent ships to the area.
The researchers also looked at how many different ports these ships stopped at. They found that ships that visited Antarctica had connections to 1,581 ports all around the world.
The scientists worry that ships traveling to Antarctica from all around the world could bring invasive species(入侵物种). Invasive species are animals or plants that arrive in a place where they don’t normally live. When invasive species are brought to a new place, they could force out other plants and animals that live there. In other parts of the world, invasive sea animals and plants have caused trouble after arriving. Antarctica is the only place on Earth that has had very few invasive species so far.
There are four kinds of ships that visit Antarctica: tourist ships, research ships, fishing boats, and ships bringing supplies(补给) for scientists. Fishing boats usually visit fewer ports and stay in Antarctica longer. About two-thirds of the ships that visit Antarctica are tourist ships.
The conditions in Antarctica are harsh, and the report makes several suggestions for improving the situation. One idea is for ships to be coated in a special covering that makes it hard for invasive species to stay on them. (2022年广东省深圳市盐田区一模)
( ) 19. What does the underlined word “harsh” probably mean in English
A. Too bright. B. Quite dangerous.
C. Not serious. D. Very difficult.
(18)
Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping（击掌）and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long, colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers click their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other.
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic — some are more like gymnastics than dancing! Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords（剑）, The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities, for example, sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn't touch it! After a successful "limbo", they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Mask（面具）dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorful. There are masks of people, monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today, Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists. (2021年浙江省杭州市初中学业水平考试)
( )24. What does the underlined word "gymnastics" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. A play. B. A sport. C. A celebration. D. A show.
(19)
The first emperor of China, Qin Shihuang, completed a huge number of projects during his rule. Between 221 and 210 B. C., he started the building of the Great Wall. The emperor also ordered the building of a huge army of life-sized terracotta soldiers（士兵）. These, he hoped, would protect his tomb after his death.
Lost in Time
The soldiers in Xi'an's terracotta museum are today light brown, but they weren't always. They began as an army of red, blue, yellow, green, white, and purple. Sadly, most of the colors did not last to the present day. After being exposed（暴露）to air during digging, the coating under the paint began to fall off. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes to boil an egg, taking away with it important pieces of history.
New Technology
Now new technology is starting to show the army's true colors. Archeologists（考古学家）have recently discovered an area with more than a hundred soldiers. Many of these still have their painted features, including black hair, pink faces, and black or brown eyes. Chinese and German researchers have developed a chemical liquid（液体）to help save the soldiers' colors. After finding a soldier or another art piece, archeologists put the liquid on it. They then cover it in plastic.
Back to Life
Archeologists are also finding colors in the dirt around the soldiers. It's important not to do anything with the dirt, so the colors won't be lost. "We are treating the dirt as an art piece, "says Rong Bo, the museum's leading archeologist. The next challenge, says Rong Bo, is to find a way to use the colors onto the army-again. Once that happens, artists can bring Emperor Qin's army back to its full, bright colors. (2021年浙江省湖州市初中学业水平考试)
( )35. What does the underlined word "they" in the passage refer to
A. Archeologists. B. Artists. C. Researchers. D. Soldier.
(20)
Masa walked slowly towards the house, stopping now and then to cut off dead leaves or fading flowers. There were few weeds（杂草）. Yuki had spent many hours of her two-week visit weeding in the garden. Masa wondered if Yuki had spent so much of her time outside because she wanted to avoid talking to her.
But Yuki must have wanted very much to see us, Masa told herself. She had visited in the last weeks of June, as soon as her college was out for the summer.
She said she wanted to stay longer but couldn't because she had to work. Besides, she needed to use the studio at her college for photography and she had to go to the library to read,
"Why do you have to go to college to study art "Masa asked her. "All the great artists didn't go to college. "
Yuki shook her head. "That was a different time. It's hard to explain. "
"I was thinking you could live with us all year round and still be an artist. This is a nice quiet place to live. "
"I don't know. How would I support myself here " "You can always give lessons. "Masa said.
"But I don't want to spend a long time looking at kids' drawings. "
"What will you do after you graduate, anyway Will you become a teacher somewhere else then "
"Grandma, I don't know. "Yuki sighed.
"What is the use of going to college if you don't know what you're going there for " "Maybe I'm going because I don't know. I just want to study art now. I don't want to think that far ahead. "
The minute Masa was going to point out that this was too careless a way to live, Yuki suddenly stood up and put on her straw hat.
"I'm going to the garden to weed your flowerbed", she said, "Let me know if there's something else I can do ""
On Yuki's visit, Masa felt strained when they talked, and she was sure Yuki also felt it. But Yuki was never rude or irritable（易怒的）. Even when they disagreed, her face was always full of patience. (2021年浙江省湖州市初中学业水平考试)
( )43. The underlined word "strained" in the last paragraph probably shows Masa felt ______.
A. unforgettable B. uncomfortable C. thankful D. crazy
