2013优化方案英语选修8（配重大）（成盘）全套课件（18份）

课件5张PPT。Unit 1　Names单元话题漫谈
On the Importance of a Name
Some one say name is a very
important thing to a person.
Because for many of us，we
have only one name in our life.
Name contains too much information of its owner,such as his family name，or what it is made from，or what it is used for，and so on.Name is so useful that it can’t be replaced by any other thing.
But some one else do not think so.They hold the opinion that name is worth nothing.As they say:name is only a code，and we can call anything with the same name if we want.And as it is known to us，in China，there are so many people with the same name，so we need not take our name too serious.In my opinion，I think name is very important in our daily life.Name is widely used in our life，for example，teacher will have great difficult to ask one of his students to answer the question.And many other problems will take place if we don’t have names.And we can’t ask shop assistants to get what we want properly.So I hold the opinion that we can’t live in our world without name.
In short，name is very important!本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件107张PPT。Unit 1　NamesⅠ.词语翻译
1．originate v. _______________
2．stylize vt. _______________
3．civil adj. _________________________
4．feature vt. _______________
5．adapt vt. ________
6．frank adj. _________________________起源，发生使形成固定风格文职的；文官的；贫民的以……为特色改编坦白的，率直的，老实的7．open-minded adj. ____________________
8．fixed adj. _________________
9．exaggerate v．& vt. _______________
10．indication n． __________________
11．personality n． _______________
12．loyalty n． _______________
13．courageous adj. ___________________
14．sound adj. _________________虚心的，思想开明的固定的，确定的夸大，夸张指示，迹象，暗示个性，人格忠诚，忠心勇敢的，有胆量的健全的，可靠的15．stubborn adj. _______________
16．symbolism n． _________
17．convey vt. _________
18．celebrated adj. _________
19．highlight v. _______________
20．uprightness n． _________
21．demonstrate v. _______________顽固的，固执的象征传达著名的使显著，突出正直表示，示范22．be characterized by ___________________________________
23．in general _________________________
24．divide into _______
25．detract from _______________ ……的特点在于，……的特点是通常，大体上，一般而言分成贬低，减损Ⅱ.课文填空
根据课文“What’s in a Name？”填空
Sometimes a man 1. _______his last name from his father’s first name.Tom was the son of John.So he began calling himself Tom Johnson.A man who was the son of Jack 2. ___________ called himself Jackson.
tookmight have Often a man got his last name from the place 3. ________ he lived.James lived on a hill.So people began to call him James Hill.4. ________ James lived by a lake.He became James Lake.whereAnotherA man was sometimes called by a nickname.A tall man 5. ________ be called Long Tom or Tom Long or Tom Longfellow.A short man might become Little John，and is son was 6. ________ called Tom Littlejohn.William who was always thirsty might be called William Drinkwater.
mightprobablySometimes colours become last names.A man
with red hair might be called Tom Red.But
sometimes 7. _____________ the years，the
narue was changed.So Tom Read or Reade is
still probably a 8. ___________ of Tom Red.
A man who lived near the village Green
might have called himself Tom Green.If Tom
had strong arms,what name might he have？9. ________ he had big feet?down through descendantWhat if 1tell...apart　把……区分开来
归纳拓展
例句探源
①Can you tell the twin brothers apart?
你能分得清这两个孪生兄弟吗？
②It is very important for us to tell true friends from false ones in society.
在社会上辨别出真假朋友对我们来说是非常重要的。③(2011·高考山东卷)Then her husband lost his job，and the plan fell apart.
她丈夫失业了，这一计划也泡汤了。
④To tell the truth，I do know where he has gone.
说实话，我的确知道他去了哪里。2make up　缝制；虚构;整理；和解;弥补；拼凑；构成；化妆
归纳拓展
make up for补偿
make out 听出，辨认出
make up to讨好，奉承
make up(to sb.)for sth.(对某人)表示歉意，给以补偿
make up with sb.与某人和好
be made into...被制成……
be made up of...由……组成
例句探源
①(牛津P1223)He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick.他编了个借口，说他的女儿病倒了。
②She’s made up a new dress for her daughter.
她已为女儿缝了条新裙子。
③(朗文P1378)What Jay lacked in experience,he made up for in enthusiasm.
杰伊用热情来弥补经验上的不足。
即境活用
1．完成句子
(1)I don’t eat breakfast but I ____________
(补偿)
it at lunch.
(2)The committee is _____________(由……组成)
representitives from every state.make up formade up of3used to　过去常常
归纳拓展易混辨析
容易混淆的三个used及其句型　　例句探源
①Mr.White used to live in China，so he is used to Chinese dishes怀特先生过去常住中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。
②He has been used to living in the countryside.
他已经习惯于住在农村。
③Bamboo can be used to build houses.
竹子可以用来建造房屋。④Huang Junjie，who used to be one of the best-known soccer referees in China，has been sentenced to seven years in prison.
黄俊杰，过去是中国著名的足球裁判，被判有期徒刑7年。4respect　vt.　尊敬；尊重
n．　尊敬；重视；方面；小心；(pl.)问候；问好
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P1743)I totally disagree with him，but I still respect his opinion.我完全不同意他的想法,不过我仍然尊重他的意见。
②(朗文P1743)Tom never gives up，and I respect him for that.汤姆从不放弃，我很钦佩他这一点。
③If you don’t respect yourself，how can you expect others to respect you?
如果你不自重,又怎能期望受到别人的尊重呢？④(朗文P1742)They stayed away out of respect for the wishes of the victim’s family.
考虑到受难者家人的意愿,他们没有呆在那儿。
⑤We should show our respect for old people，our parents and our teachers.
我们应该尊敬老人、父母和老师。
⑥I can’t agree with your opinion in this respect.
在这方面，我不赞同你的意见。即境活用
2．完成句子
(1)When I was a child，this town was pretty boring.Not much has changed ________________________(在这方面)．
(2)I _____________________(非常尊敬)and admiration for my former English teacher.in this respecthave a great respect5adapt　 vt.使适应；改编
归纳拓展
①(牛津P22)It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.
他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。
②(牛津P22)Three of her novels havebeenadaptedfor television.她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
③After graduation from college，I gradually adapted/adjusted myself to living on my own.
大学毕业后，我逐渐适应了独自生活。6convey　vt.传达，表达；运送；传导，传播
归纳拓展
convey sth.to sb.向某人表达/传递某物
convey sb./sth.from A to B
把某人或某物从A地运送到B地
convey one’s feelings/meanings表达某人的感情/意思例句探源
①The police asked the driver to convey the passengers to the destination safely.
警察要求司机把乘客安全地送到目的地。
②Please convey my good wishes to your mother.
请向你母亲转达我美好的祝愿。③Premier Wen Jiabao conveyed his sorrow for the dead and ordered the necessities should be conveyed immediately to the earthquake?hit areas.
温家宝总理表达了对死者的哀悼，并命令立即把必需品运送到地震灾区。7in general　总的来说；通常
归纳拓展
in short简而言之，总之
on the whole总的来说例句探源
①(牛津P847)In general，Japanese cars are very reliable and breakdowns are rare.
日本汽车通常是很可靠的，发生故障的情况极少。
②On the whole，I am satisfied with the experiment.
总的来说，我对这个实验是很满意的。即境活用
3．完成句子
总的来说，北方人喜欢吃水饺南方人喜欢吃大米。
______________________________________/
________________，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.In general/Generally speaking/In shortOn the whole8divide into　把……分开
例句探源
①Let’s divide these students into small groups for oral practice.让我们把这些学生分成小组做口语练习。
②This examination is divided into two parts and covers the following subjects.
这次考查分两个部分，包括下列科目。③(浙江高考)As the work can be divided among several people，it can be done efficiently.因为工作可以由几个人共同分担,所以可以做得很有效率。
④(陕西高考)There is much work to do，so we’ll have to divide it between us.
有那么多工作要做，因此我们必须在我们中分配一下。易混辨析
divide into，separate...from
⑤How can you divide this line into 20 equal parts?
⑥England is separated from France by the English Channel.
⑦As we joined the big crowd，I got separated from my friends.即境活用
4．完成句子
学生被分为四组，开始做游戏。
The students in the class _____________________________
before they started the game.were divided into four groups1【原句展示】Another good thing about a name is that it sometimes says something nice about the one whose name it is.
【句法简析】在这个句子中“that it sometimes says something nice about the one whose name it is”是that 引导表语从句。(1)当that引导表语从句时，常用下列句式：
It happens that...It appears that...
It seems that...It turns out that...
It proves that...The reason is that...
It proves that his promise is wrong.
他的预言证明是错误的。
The reason is that he has not passed the exam.
原因是他考试没有及格。
It turns out that the situation is quite serious.
形势结果是相当严重的。(2)that引导名词性从句时，从属连词that一般要注意三个不：
①不省略
当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不省略。
That he was able to come made us happy.(That 引导主语从句不可省略)
他能来使我们很高兴。The truth is that I didn’t go there.(that引导表语从句不可省略)
真相是我没去那儿。
The news that our team has won is true.(that引导同位语从句不可省略)
我们队赢了的消息是真的。
②不作成分
that在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。
Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.(that在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分)
Sydney承诺他总是尽其所能为Lucie做任何事以保证她的幸福。That you don’t like him is none of my business.(that在句中引导主语从句，但在句中不作任何成分，也不省略)
你不喜欢他不关我的事。
③that 在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。
That she is a rich woman is known to us.(that在句中引导主语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义)
她是一个很有钱的女子，这一点我们都知道。
The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him.(that在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义)
他也许会考试失败，这一想法使他很担心。即境活用
1．(2011年高考北京卷)________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A．Which　　　　B．What
C．That D．Whom
解析：选B。句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。2．(2011年高考北京卷)The shocking news made me realize________terrible problems we would face.
A．what B．how
C．that D．why
解析：选A。由句中的is可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为A项。3．(2011年高考上海卷)There is clear evidence ________ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
A．what B．if
C．how D．that
解析：选D。句意：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不缺成分,故用关联词that。4．(2011年高考上海卷)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ________ others actually understand.
A．why B．that
C．which D．what
解析：选D。句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。5．(2011年高考山东卷)I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer，which is ________ he never finishes anything.
A．that B．when
C．where D．why
解析：选D。句意：我恐怕他比起一个实践家来更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is...”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。2【原句展示】A man who was the son of Jack might have called himself Jackson.
【句法简析】 “may/might＋动词的完成式”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。
—Whatever has happened to George?
——乔治发生了什么事？
—I don’t know.He may have got lost.
——我不知道，他可能迷路了。
You might have read about it in the papers.
你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。 may/might have done 推测现在
“may/might＋动词的完成式”表示对现在情况的推测。例如：
She might have got up now.现在她可能已经起床了。
may/might have done 预测未来
“may/might＋动词的完成式”表示推测将来某时之前的情况。
He may have left when you get there.
等你到达的时候他可能已经离开了。
注意：may have done 和 might have done 表推测时，might 所表示的可能性比 may 小，语气较委婉。
How quickly time passed! It might have happened yesterday.时间过得好快啊！这事好像就发生在昨天一样。
might have done 表轻微责备
might have done 除了能够表推测，还能表示过去本来可以做而实际并没有做。这时带有轻微的责备之意。
The proposal might have been refused.这个建议本该拒绝的。(有轻微的责备之意)
may not/mightn’t have done 表“可能不”
之前我们讲到过 can’t/couldn’t have done 是表示“不可能”，而 may not/mightn’t have done 则是表示“可能不”，要注意区分哦。
He can’t have been at the meeting，he’s on a business trip this week.他不可能出席会议，他这周出公差。
即境活用
翻译句子
6．We couldn’t have done it without you.
__________________________________
7．They may not have known it beforehand.
__________________________________
没有你我们肯定完成不了。他们事先可能不知道这事儿。8．They mightn’t have regarded me as their friend.
____________________________________
9．I might have taken another path.
__________________________________
10．He might have seen the surprise in my face.
____________________________________
他们可能没有把我当作朋友看待。我本可以走另一条路。他或许已经看到了我惊异的表情。3【原句展示】Based upon traditional Anhui Opera，it has also adopted to repertoire.
根据传统的安徽剧，它也吸收了曲目。
【句法简析】based upon traditional Anhui Opera是过去分词短语作状语。
过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。
一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系
(1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.
种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
(2) 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路);seated(坐);
hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于……)；dressed in(穿着)。由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened，satisfied，tired，disappointed等。如：
Surprised at what had happened，Tom didn’t know what to do.汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶,以至于不知如何是好。
二、过去分词作状语所表示的意义
过去分词作状语时表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句;表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如：
Looked (＝If it is looked) at a distance，the painting seems much more beautiful.
隔着一段距离看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。
The cup fell down to the ground，broken.
＝The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.
茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。
三、“连词＋过去分词”结构
根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词be时可省略从句主语和动词be的原则，可把状语从句变换为“连词＋过去分词”结构。常用的连词有if，unless，when，as，once，even if/even though，as if，though/although等。如：
I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited (＝unless I am invited)．
除非被邀请,否则我不去参加他的生日晚会。四、 独立主格结构
过去分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致。如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构。如：
More time given to us，we should have done the job much better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。
即境活用
11．________not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A．Reminding B．Reminded
C．To remind D．Having reminded
解析：选B。分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较：
Seen from the sky，our city is very beautiful.(our city与see之间是被动关系)
Seeing from the sky，we find our city is very beautiful.(we与see之间是主谓关系)
4【原句展示】Black shows a sound and honest character while brown is often the symbol of a stubborn and obstinate one.
【句法简析】本句是while连接的两个句子，while的意思是“然而”，表示前后对比。
while的用法有：
(1)用作从属连词，意思是“当……时；和……同时”，引导时间状语从句。注意该状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，不能是终止性动词，如果是终止性动词，酌情用when或as。
They phoned while you were out.你不在家时他们打来了电话。(be out为延续性动词)
When I came in，he was reading a book.我进来时,他正在看一本书。(come 为终止性动词)(2)如果从句的主语与主句的主语为同一人且从句的谓语含有系动词be时，可省略从句的主语及系动词be；如果从句的主语与主句的主语不是同一人，则不可省略。
The child watched TV while (he was) eating.
这个孩子边吃边看电视。
She took a bath while I was preparing a meal.
我准备饭菜的时候，她在洗澡。
(3)用作并列连词，意思是“但；却；然而”，表示对比或与前面的情况相反，注意when和as不能表示这一含义。
She drinks black coffee while I prefer it with cream.
她喜欢喝清咖啡而我喜欢加奶油的。
I earn only 100 dollars a month，while you earn 400 dollars.
我一个月只赚一百美元，你却赚四百美元。(4)用作从属连词，表示让步，意思是“虽然”,其意义相当于although，主要用于书面语中。注意主句的前面不可有but等连接词。
While he understands your idea，he doesn’t agree with you.
虽然他了解你的想法，但他还是不赞同你。
(5)while作名词时,意思是“一点时间；一会儿”,表示泛指时常与a连用；表示特指时可与the，this，that连用。常用的短语有：after a while过了一会儿；all the while一直；in a while不久；once in a while偶尔等。
It took her quite a while to find a hotel.
她花了很长时间才找到一家旅馆。
Where have you been all this while?
这阵子你一直在哪儿？即境活用
12．(2010年高考大纲全国卷Ⅰ)Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal .
A．so that B．although
C．while D．as if
解析：选C。句意：当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候Mary煮咖啡。根据选项此题考查连词的用法。so that“以便”表示目的；although“尽管，虽然”；as if“好像”；while“当……的时候”，因此while符合句意，选择C。
13．(2010年高考北京卷)________they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.
A．As B．While
C．Until D．Once
解析：选D。此题重在句意的判断。 句意：一旦学生们决定了去哪所大学读书，他们就得研究办理入学的手续。A.as当；因为；B.while作连词强调一件事发生时另外一个动作正在进行；C.until直到．..；D.once一旦。因此选D。
14．—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free ________ the third costs $30.
A．while B．until
C．when D．before
解析：选A。while表转折 “而，然而”。根据句子意思，前两份免费，而第三份要$30。
将来进行时态
基本句式
将来进行时由“动词be的将来时＋现在分词”构成，具体形式见下表：
例如：
This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
明天的这个时间，他们正坐在电影院。(将来的某时正在进行的动作)
What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
明天晚上六点你将在干什么？
He won’t be coming to the party.
他将不去参加聚会了。 I’ll be meeting him tomorrow/next year/some time.
我明天/下一年/某个时间将去见他。
常用的时间状语
Soon，tomorrow，this evening，on Sunday，by this time，in two days，tomorrow evening
By this time tomorrow，I’ll be lying on the beach.
明天的这个时间，我将会躺在海滩上了。基本用法
(1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。如：
What will you be doing at this time next Monday?
星期一的这个时间你会干什么？
When he comes to my house tomorrow，I will be writing the report.
明天他来我家时，我将会在写报告。 (2)表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。如：
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.我想他会做这个实验直到明天早晨。
(3)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。如：
Tomorrow I will be flying to Beijing.明天我要飞往北京。(4)表示委婉的请求
When shall we be meeting again?
我们什么时候会再见面？
(5)表示原因
Please come tomorrow afternoon .Tomorrow morning，I’ll be having a meeting.
你明天下午来吧，明天早上我将会参加一个会议。
(6)表示结果
Stop the child or he will be falling over.
拦住孩子，否则他要脸朝下跌倒。
(7)表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测)
My duties will end in July，and I’ll be returning to Shanghai.七月份我的任务就结束了，我打算返回上海。
将来进行时和一般将来时的区别
1．You can’t miss him.He________a dark green suit and a yellow tie waiting for you.
A．is wearing B．will wear
C．wears D．will be wearing
解析：选D。该题表示见到他时，他正在穿着衣服，强调将来某一时刻进行的动作。
2．“Could you give these books to Mr .Black？”
“Absolutely，________him at five o’clock this afternoon.”
A．I will have a talk
B．I have a talk with
C．I can have a talk with
D．I will be having a talk with
解析：选D。将来进行时在口语中常常用来表示预计即将发生或势必发生的动作，再这里表示计划安排。不能选A，因为“will＋动词原形”表示临时的决定，而从absolutely可以看出后面的谈话是有计划，有安排的，故这里不用“will＋动词原形”．不能选B和D,因为从five o’clock this afternoon 得知该题表示将来，故应用与将来相关的语态．
3．I’m afraid I won’t be available.I ________ a friend off at o’clock this afternoon.
A．see B．am seeing
C．will see D．will be seeing
解析：选D。该题表示下午两点正在发生的事情，故应用将来进行时。
4．(2011年高考江苏卷)—I hear you ________ in a pub.What’s it like?
—Well，it’s very hard work and I’m always tired，but I don’t mind.
A．are working B．will work
C．were working D．will be working
解析：选A。句意：——我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？——咳，这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A。
5．(2010年高考全国卷Ⅰ)When you are home，give a call to let me know you ________ safely.
A．are arriving B．have arrived
C．had arrived D．will arrive
解析：选B。句意：当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。此题可以根据句意也可以使用排除法。B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成，译为 “已经……”。同时也可以使用排除法，arrive既可以使用现在进行时表示将来也可以用will＋do表示将来，因此A和D同时排除，C为过去完成时，使用过去完成时时句中一定要有一般过去时,过去完成时是过去的过去，因此C也排除，故选择B。记叙文
Ⅰ.知识归纳
记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个“ W ”(what，who，when，where，why)和一个“ H ”(how)。记叙文的重点在于“述说”和“描写”，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。
Ⅱ.常用素材
一．结构模板
________时间________is memorable because ________人物________had a meaningful experience on that day.In the morning，we ________活动一________．Upon arrival，we began to ________活动二________．Some were ________活动三________．Others were ________活动四________．After getting the work done，we ________活动五________．Seeing ________活动六________，we________感受________．We feel it’s our duty to________动作________．
二、必备句型
1．I was about to do...when...
2．Tired as we were，we still felt quite happy.
3．It was snowing/raining heavily on Monday morning.
4．Last night I was busy preparing for my test when I heard a loud noise.
5．It’s reported that Sanlu milk poder has caused kidney stones in babies.
6．Thanks for your concern.
7．On my way home，I came across an old friend.
8．The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
9．This is really an unforgetable experience.
10．I learned from the experience that honesty always comes first.Ⅲ.模拟示范
请你根据下面的提示写一篇短文。
你今年暑假到一家肯德基(KFC)快餐店做保洁员(cleaner)工作。你每天工作七个小时，为期三周。这项工作辛苦且枯燥，你感到非常疲劳，几乎半途放弃。每天你都要起早贪黑地工作。在新学期开始之前，你终于坚持完成了这项工作，并由此认识到了劳动(labor)的意义。你认为这是一次成功的体验。注意：1.必须使用第一人称。
2．词数100左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
During the summer holidays this year，I thought I should do something meaningful instead of staying at home，so I got a job at a KFC fast food restaurant and worked there as a cleaner.I worked seven hours a day for three weeks.
The job was hard and boring and seemed endless，which made me so tired that I nearly gave it up halfway.After all，I stuck to it with determination.
Every day I started off for work early in the morning and got home late in the evening.Finally I finished the job before the new term began.
Now，I understand what labor means.I think it is really a successful experience.本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件6张PPT。Unit 2　Non-verbal Communication & Challenging Yourself Ⅰ单元话题漫谈
Non-verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication is
usually understood as the process
of communication through
sending and receiving wordless
(mostly visual) messages between people.Messages can be communicated through gestures andtouch,by body language or posture，by facial expression and eye contact.Non-verbal messages could also be communicated through material exponential；meaning，objects or artifacts(such as clothing，hairstyles or architecture)．Speech contains non-verbal elements known as paralanguage，including voice quality，rate，pitch，volume，and speaking style，as well prosodic features such as rhythm，intonation，and stress.Likewise，written texts have non-verbal elements such as handwriting style，spatial arrangement of words，or the physical layout of a page.However，much of the study of non-verbal communication has focused on face-to-face interaction，where it can be
classified into three principal areas：environmental conditions where communication takes place，physical characteristics of the communicators，and behaviors of communicators during interaction.本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件126张PPT。Unit 2　Non-verbal Communication & Challenging Yourself ⅠⅠ.词语翻译
1．fun_ction v．_______________
2．visual adj. _______________
3．embarrassingly adv. ___________________
4．make sense _______________
5．stick out one’s tongue at someone
________________________
6．attentiveness _______________运行，起作用视觉的，形象的尴尬地，令人为难地有意义伸出舌头对着某人注意，专心7．bump into someone _______________
8．maintain _______________
9．feel obligated to _______________
10．whereas conj. _______________
11．in contrast ___________
12．back away _______________
13．raise one’s eyebrows _______________
14．threatening adj. _______________
撞上某人保持，继续觉得有必要……然而，但是相反逐渐后退扬扬眉毛胁迫的，危险的15．assume vt. ____________________________
16．occasion n． _______________
17．behaviour ___________________
18．relevant adj. _________________
19．personal adj. _________________
20．individual adj. __________________
n． _______________
21．exclude vt. _______________(想当然的)认为；假定，设想时刻，场合行为，举止，品行有关的，切题的私人的，个人的单独的，个人的个人(体)拒绝接纳22．represent vt. _______________
23．pop out of _______________
24．belong to _________
25．a bit of _________
26．find out _______________
27．keep records __________
28．known as _______________
29．open up __________________表现；象征蹦出来属于少量获知(某事情)作记录被称为，公认为打开；开业；生产Ⅱ.课文填空
根据课文“Non-verbal Communication”填空
When Americans are talking，they expect others to 1.___________ to what they are saying.To Americans，polite conversationalists 2. ___________ by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust，shock or sadness.Americans also 3. ___________their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows，nodding，smiling politely andrespondempathize indicate 4. _______________ good eye contact.5. __________some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or 6. ___________，Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty.If a person doesn’t look at you in the eye,Americans might say you should question his motives or assume that he doesn’t like you.Yet with all the concem for eye contact,Americans still consider staring-especially at strangers7. _______ rude.maintainingWhereas threateningto be8．_____________ the influence of non-verbal communication,we never really stop communicating.How we walk，how we stand,how we use our hands，how we position our bodies，how we show emotions—all send a message to others.That’s why it’s possible，as the saying goes，to “read someone like a book”．Considering1opposite　adj.相对的，对面的；对立的，相反的；对等的，对应的
n．相反的事物，对立的人(或物)；反面
prep.在……对面
归纳拓展
be opposite from 与……相反；不相容
be opposite to 在……对面；与……相反
just the opposite 恰恰相反
【助记】
例句探源
①(2011年高考广东卷)One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.
这其中一个原因或许是他们的身体信号当时正相反。
②(2011年高考陕西卷)However，three days later，they met the third rich man，who was coming in the opposite direction.
然而，三天后，他们遇到了从相反方向来的第三个富人。③Martha’s not shy at all－just the opposite in fact.
玛莎一点都不腼腆，事实上正好相反。
④The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.
坐在我们对面的人看上去很面熟。[易混辨析]
opposite，contrary
⑤“True” and “false” have opposite meanings.
“正”与“误”有相反的意思。
⑥Your plan is contrary to mine.
你的计划和我的相反。
2assume v. 假定；设想；假装；承担
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P104)It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.
认为经济继续好转是有道理的。
②(牛津P104)Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
咱们暂时假设计划成功。
③(牛津P104)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。
④Assuming that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?
假定这个建议被采纳,我们什么时候能拿到钱？
⑤A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.
许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
即境活用
1．We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon—________that the others agree.
A．to assume　 B．assumed
C．assume D．assuming
解析：选D。assuming that...“假定……”。类似表达有：providing/supposing (that)．..。
3pick up 　拾起，拿起；卷起；掀起；搭载；(无意中)学会；接收(无线电信号)；收拾，整理；加(速度)；取(物)，开车接(人)；(健康、生意、社交生活等)恢复，变好，好转
归纳拓展例句探源
①(2011年高考课标全国卷)I bought my ticket and turned around to pick up my bag from the floor...
我买好票，转身从地上拿起包……
②It is an offence to pick up or set down a hitch-hiker on a motorway.
在高速公路上让搭便车的人上下车是违反交通规则的。③I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.
我设法收听到一家美国电台的新闻广播。
④The economy in the world is finally beginning to pick up again.
世界经济终于又开始有所好转。4make sense　有意义；有道理；讲得通
(教材原句)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
归纳拓展
make sense of理解，明白
make no sense没道理，没意义
there is no sense in doing sth.做……没道理
in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense决不例句探源
①This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it.
无论你怎样读这个句子，它都讲不通。
②It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.
在失控前致力解决这个问题，这么做是明智的。③There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make any sense of them at all.
这一段中有那么多生词以致于我根本不理解它们的含义。
④(朗文P1855)There is no sense in my painting the door if we’re going to replace it later.
如果我们打算以后把门换掉，那我给它上漆就毫无意义了。
⑤In no sense do I agree with this suggestion.
无论如何我都不赞同这个建议。即境活用
2．(2012年上海交大附中模拟)—________to the sun，the flower will become dry soon.
—What you said does make________.
A．Exposed；sense B．Exposing；sense
C．Exposed；senses D．Exposing；a sense解析：选A。句意：——暴露在日光下，这花儿很快就会被晒干。——你说的话的确有道理。第一空expose与flower之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语，第二空make sense为固定用法，表示“有道理，讲得通”。
5in other words　换句话说
(教材原句)In other words，there are not many people like me.
换句话说，像我这样的人并不多见。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P2318)They asked him to leave—in other words he was fired.他们请他走人，换句话说，他被开除了。
②I soon found that the work I was doing had been done by other people—in other words，I was wasting my time.
我很快发现我在重复别人已做过的事情，换句话说，我是在浪费时间。③In a word，we must try our best to do the work.
总之，我们必须尽最大努力做这项工作。
④He has broken his word so many times that I cannot trust him any more.他经常食言，我再也不能相信他了。 6occasion　n．　时候，时刻；场合；原因，理由；时机，机会
归纳拓展
on occasion有时，间或
on several occasions屡次，好几次
on special occasions在特殊场合
on the occasion of在……的时候，值此之际例句探源
①(2010年高考陕西卷)There are many occasions for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies.
在现代的工业社会中有许多场合是要送礼物的。
②He has been known on occasion(s) to lose his temper.
大家都知道他有时会发脾气。③On one occasion，he called me in the middle of the night.
有一次，他深更半夜打电话给我。
④He was presented with the watch on the occasion of his retirement.他在退休时获赠这块手表。
即境活用
3．(2011年高考浙江卷)I’ve been writing this report________ for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A．finally　　　　　B．immediately
C．occasionally D．certainly解析：选C。考查副词的意义辨析。句意：在过去的两周里,我时续时断地写这个报告,可是这个报告明天就得交了。finally最终地；immediately立即，马上；occasionally偶尔；certainly肯定地。根据but it has to be handed in tomorrow可知，选C。
7depend on　依靠；依赖
归纳拓展例句探源
①(牛津P534)He was the sort of person you could depend on.
他这个人你是可以信赖的。
②(牛津P534)He knew he could depend upon her to deal with the situation.
他知道可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
③You may depend on it that she will help you.
你可以相信她会帮助你的。
④In general/Generally speaking，a person’s health depends on good food，fresh air and enough sleep.
一般说来，身体健康依赖的是好的食物、新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。
⑤(牛津P534)I don’t know if we can help—it all depends.
我不知道我们能不能帮上忙，一切都得看情况而定。
即境活用
4．Whether you can lose your weight successfully in this case ________very much on your condition.
A．insists B．bases
C．focuses D．depends
解析：选D。depend on 在本句意为“取决于,视……情况而定”。insist on 坚持；base on以……为根据；focus on集中于,以……为焦点。8behave　vt.& vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现
归纳拓展
例句探源
①Some children could be noisy and badly-behaved.
有些孩子会吵闹而且表现差。
②(朗文P158)If you behave yourself，I’ll let you stay up to watch the movie.
如果你守规矩,我就让你不睡觉看电影。
③I am sorry about what I did last night—I behaved like a child.对不起，我昨天晚上表现得太幼稚。
④The headmaster doesn’t allow bad behavio(u)r in class.
校长不允许班上有不规矩的行为。
即境活用
5．完成句子
(1)在持枪歹徒面前，这个小男孩表现得极为勇敢。
The little boy _______________________________
in the face of the gunman.
behaved with great courage(2)老师鼓励孩子们好好表现。
The teacher encouraged the children to ________________.
behave well9include　v．　包括，把……列在内
【教材原句】You may also include a short message (two sentences) in any language in the box...
你还可以放进盒子里一张用任何一种语言写成的短信息(两句话)……
归纳拓展
例句探源
①Her daily work includes cleaning the office and answering calls.她日常的工作包括清扫办公室和接电话。
②The plan includes most of your suggestions.
这项计划里包括了你们的大部分建议。
③China is willing to face the problem of the climate change with all countries，including the developing and the developed.
中国愿意同所有国家一道来应对气候变化问题，包括发展中国家和发达国家。
④It is reported that nine people were killed in the accident，an American included.
据报道九个人在事故中丧生，包括一个美国人在内。即境活用
6.I need more financial support because the previous money cannot________all the cost of the project.
A．cover B．contain
C．involve D．include
解析：选A。句意：我需要更多的资金援助,因为先前的资金不能够支付此项目的所有费用。cover意为“支付……的费用”。
10belong to　属于；归属；为……的一员(无被动语态和进行时态)
例句探源
①As is known to us，China is a country belonging to the Third World.
众所周知,中国是一个属于第三世界的国家。
②The future belongs to you，young men.
年轻人，未来是属于你们的。
③Put it back where it belongs after you have read it.
读完后，请你把它放回原处。
④After getting off，please check whether your own belongings are left on the drifting boat.下船后，请大家检查一下自己的物品是否落在了漂流艇上。
【温馨提示】
belongings n. 财产，所有物，相关事物
1【原句展示】Therefore，when studying about a foreign culture，it just makes sense to pay attention to how people use non-verbal cues.
【句法简析】though/when/while doing/done 这实际上是一种省略句。省略了主语和be动词。例如： While working in that factory，he made many friends.while working实际上是while he was working...由于主从句的主语相同，所以可以省略，同时将be动词省略。
Though (he was)tired，he went on working in the field.
虽然累了，但他还能继续在田里干活。即境活用
1．—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss，not the workers.They just carried out the order________.
A．as told B．as are told
C．as telling D．as they told解析：选A。as told＝as they were told，此处是as引导的方式状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致，且谓语动词含有be时,将从句的主语和be省略。又因为workers与tell之间是被动关系，排除C、D。2【原句展示】Another cultural aspect of non-verbal communication is one that you might not think about space.
【句法简析】one指代another cultural aspect。it/one/that，他们的用法如下：
(1)it/one/that三者均可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。一般说来，it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物。I have lost my umbrella；I’m looking for it.(该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella)
I have lost my umbrella；I think I must buy one.(one在该句中表泛指，因为my umbrella已经丢了)
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.(替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”，以区别“the umbrella you bought”)(2)one与that虽可用来指代同名异物，但one为泛指，相当于a/an＋名词；that为特指，相当于the＋名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a/an/some/any；that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the/this/that。
A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.(该句中one可以换成a chair)
The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot.(该句中that可以换成 the water)(3)one只能代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用ones；that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用 those。
I like this pen more than that one.(one代替可数名词单数pen)
There were a few young people and some older ones in the house.(ones代替可数名词复数people)Mary’s handwriting is far better than that of Peter.(that代替不可数名词 handwriting)
These pictures are more beautiful than those.(those代替可数名词复数 pictures)(4)one既可代替事物，也可代替人，that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。
The one/That on the table is mine.(该句中The one代替事物，并且也可以用That)
He is the teacher，the one who is loved by the students.(该句中the one代替人，不能用that)
He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads，the ones/those that had the best color.(该句中the ones代替事物，并且也可以用those)
(5)one一般有前置修饰语，有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语，但可有后置修饰语。
Cook was a strict but good captain，one who took good care of his sailors.
The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.
(6)it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。
It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.
I found it hard to get on with her.
(7)it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容，而one/ones则不可以。
He has saved my life；I’ll never forget it.(it代替第一分句)
Tom is painting his house.I am told he does it every four years.(it代替前面分句的部分内容painting his house)
Let’s say we meet here at three o’clock.That ought to give you time to buy everything.(That代替前面表述的内容)即境活用
2．(2011年高考天津卷)We feel________our duty to make our country a better place.
A．it B．this
C．that D．one
解析：选A。句意：我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选A。
3【原句展示】Yet with all the concern for eye contact，Americans still consider staring—especially at strangers—to be rude.
【句法简析】with all the concern for eye contact 是with的复合结构作状语。with复合结构是由with＋复合宾语组成，常在句中作状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形： (1)with＋名词 (或代词)＋现在分词
此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
With prices going up so fast，we can’t afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。(原因状语)
With the crowds cheering，they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随情况) (2)with＋名词 (或代词)＋过去分词
此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。(伴随情况)
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。(原因状语) (3)with＋名词 (或代词)＋形容词
I like to sleep with the windows open.
我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。(伴随情况)
With the weather so close and stuffy，ten to one it’ll rain presently.大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。(原因状语)(4)with＋名词 (或代词)＋介词短语
With the children at school，we can’t take our vacation when we want to.
由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。(原因状语)
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.
士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。(行为方式) (5)with＋名词 (或代词)＋副词
He fell asleep with the light on.
他睡着了，灯还亮着。(伴随情况)
The boy stood there with his head down.
这个男孩低头站在那儿。(伴随情况) (6)with＋名词 (或代词)＋动词不定式
此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。
With no one to talk to，John felt miserable.
由于没人可以说话的人，约翰感到很痛苦。(原因状语)
With a lot of work to do，he wasn’t allowed to go out.
因为还有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出。(原因状语)即境活用
3．Now that we’ve discussed out problem，are people happy with the decisions ________？
A．taking B．take
C．taken D．to take
解析：选C。句意为：现在，我们已经讨论了问题，是人们最满意的决定？ take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
4【原句展示】They also invented a kind of paper，which was easier to write on and much lighter to carry.
【句法简析】which was easier to write on and much lighter to carry是非限制性定语从句。关系代词 which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。下面就进行归纳总结：(1)引导限制性定语从句
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
商店应存有最畅销的货物。
This is the family which is planning to move to the party.
这是要搬进城里的一家。(2)引导非限制性定语从句。
a．用来指代一个句子。
Internet is so interesting，which makes all possible happen.
因特网是如此有趣,它使任何事都有可能发生。
b．用来指代句子的一部分。
When deep in thought，which he often was，he would forget all around him.
他常常陷入沉思,这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。c．如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个 which 前要加 and.
He bought a book，which was written by Lu Xun，and which he decided to give to his friend.
他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。(3)名词＋of＋which(＝of which＋名词＝whose＋名词)通常放在先行词的后面。
I’d like a room the window of which looks out over the sea.
＝I’d like a room of which the window looks out over the sea.
＝I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。(4)介词＋which 的替代作用。
a．作时间状语替代 when 。
There used to be a time at which/during which(＝when)the Chinese people struggled for freedom.
中国人曾有一段为自由而斗争的日子。
b．作地点状语替代 where。
This is the office in which(＝where)I used to work.
这是我过去工作过的办公室。c．作原因状语替代 why 。
I’d like you to explain the reason for which(＝why)you were absent.
我想让你解释一下缺席的原因。
d．作方式状语替代 that 或省略。
There are many ways in which(＝that/省略)
we can solve the problem.解决这个问题有很多方法。 即境活用
4．(2011年高考安徽卷)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，________ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A．when B．which
C．where D．while
解析：选C。句意为：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语,故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；while是连词，不能用于定语从句。5．(2011年高考浙江卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of ________ uses it somewhat differently.
A．which B．what
C．them D．those
解析：选A。本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所以应用关系代词which。5【原句展示】It was not until many centuries later that their meanings were rediscovered.
【句法简析】本句是not until的强调结构。有关not until的强调结构和倒装总结如下：
(1)当not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为：Not until＋从句/表时间的词＋助动词＋(主句)主语＋谓语＋...。如：Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.
直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
Not until next week will the sports meet be held.
直到下周才开运动会。
(2)not until的强调结构为：It is/was not until＋从句/表时间的词＋that＋...。上面两句改为强调句为：
It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.
It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.
Not until nine o’clock yesterday evening did we finish the work.直到昨晚九点，我们才完成这项工作。即境活用
6．It was ________ he came back from Africa where ________ he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when；then B．not；until
C．not until；that D．only；when
解析：选C。根据It is...that 结构可知。
现在分词
现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1．现在分词的形式：否定式：not＋现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking.
他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basketball.
做完作业，他开始打篮球。(2)现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important.
正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。2．现在分词的句法功能：
(1)作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用 in the years that followed；the man speaking to the teacher可改为 the man who is speaking to the teacher。(2)现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring.
当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be＋doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be＋doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。(3)作宾语补足语：下列动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch 等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?
你能听见她在隔壁吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate.
他让小汽车在门口等着。(4)现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：(While)Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语： Being a League member, he is always helping others.
由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day.几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
有时也可用with (without)＋名词(代词宾格)＋分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分：
Generally speaking, girls are more careful.
一般说来，女孩子更细心。
1．(2011年高考新课标卷)The next thing he saw was smoke ________from behind the house.
A．rose B．rising
C．to rise D．risen解析：选B。句意：接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。
2．(2011年大纲全国卷)Sarah pretended to be cheerful，________ nothing about the argument.
A．says B．said
C．to say D．saying
解析：选D。句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。
3．(2011年高考北京卷)Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，________on you feet.
A．to keep B．keeping
C．having kept D．to have kept
解析：选B。句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。
4．(2011年上海春招)Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house，________ newly cleaned and polished.
A．looked B．to look
C．looking D．to be looking
解析：选C。句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式,但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。
5．(2011年高考四川卷)Lydia doesn’t feel like ________abroad.Her parents are old.
A．study B．studying
C．studied D．to study
解析：选B。句意为“Lydia不愿意去国外留学,因为她的父母年纪大了。”feel like doing sth.想要做某事，习惯表达法。因此选B。6．(2011年高考陕西卷)More highways have been built in China，________ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A．making B．made
C．to make D．having made
解析：选A。句意为“中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，人们更加方便从一个地点到另外一个地点去。”空格后面是it，说明是主动关系，排除B；不能选择C的原因是to do做目的状语，不符合句意；答案选择A，表示结果。7．(2011年高考湖南卷)Do you wake up every morning ________ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A．feel B．to feel
C．feeling D．felt解析：选C。句意为“每天早上醒来后,你是否感到精力充沛,并为新的一天作好了准备？”wake up作句子的谓语，句中没有连词，排除谓语动词feel。to feel表将来，与wake up组成一先一后的动作关系，felt 作为过去分词表被动，与you 这个逻辑主语矛盾，故选C，feeling作伴随状语。8．(2011年高考辽宁卷)________around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.
A．Gather B．To gather
C．Gathering D．To be gathering
解析：选C。句意为“游客们围绕在火堆旁边,与当地人一起跳舞。”gather的动作由the tourists执行，用主动形式，并与dance同时进行，故选C，表示伴随情况。9．(2011年高考江西卷)On receiving a phone call from his wife________she had a fall，Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.
A．says B．said
C．saying D．to say
解析：选C。“在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒后，Gordon先生立刻从办公室冲回家。”非谓语动词修饰phone call，前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，表主动进行用现在分词的形式。选C。10．(2010年高考福建卷)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock，________supplies to Yushu，Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A．sending B．to send
C．having sent D．to have sent
解析：选A。表示伴随。从“were working” 可以判断是进行时态，排除C。
说明文
Ⅰ.知识归纳
文体特点
1．说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解释说明事物，阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。2．在高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。
3．它要求语言要简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。
4．这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。Ⅱ.常用素材
一．结构模板
______ is a most effective _____ to ______(点明要介绍事物的必要性)
For most people，it’s almost impossible to______.(介绍某事物对多数人的重要意义) _______ is really ______.(该事物的优势或显著特点)With the functions of ______，it enables us to______.(该事物的作用)It can even _____.(进一步说明该事物的作用)Just imagine，all this can be done with_____.(说明该事物的重要性)A convenient tool can certainly ________________，but it doesn’t always help________________.(承上启下，介绍事物的另一方面)Too much ________.(该事物的负面影响一) Too many ________.(该事物的负面影响二) Relying too much on ________ makes________.(总结说明过度使用该物品给我们带来的负面影响)二、必备句型
1．It plays an increasingly important role in life.
2．It is of great benefit to us.
3．It has more disadvantages than advantages.
4．Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
5．This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.6．From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that...
7．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
8．We have good reasons to believe that...
9．However，everything divides into two.
10．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.Ⅲ.模拟示范
下面的饼状图(pie chat)显示了你对你校学生兴趣爱好的调查结果。请你用英语给English Weekly写一篇短文，报道你的调查结果，并对此结果发表你的看法或建议。词数120左右。首句已给出(不计入词数)。A recent survey shows what the students of our school like to do in their spare time.
________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】
A recent survey shows what the students of our schoo like to do in their spare time.
From the pie chat，we can see 53% of the students like sports，so doing sports is the most popular activity in our school.The second popular activity for students is surfing the Internet and 36 % of the students have interest in it.Only a few students，about 8percent of them，take reading as a hobby.And even fewer are fond of playing musical instruments.
In my point of view，our school should have more sports facilities built to satisfy the need of the students.Guidance should be given to students on surfing the Internet and ways must be found to arouse students’ interests in reading and music.本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件5张PPT。Unit 3　Going Home单元话题漫谈
The voice of time
Time talks.It speaks more plainly
(clearly) than words.Time
communicates in many ways.
Consider the different parts
of the day，for example.The time of the day when something is done can give a special meaning to theevent.Factory managers in the United States fully realize the important of an announcement made during the middle of the morning or afternoon that takes everyone away from his work.Whenever they want to make an important announcement，they ask：“ When shall we let them know？”In the United States，it is not customary to telephone someone very early in morning.If you telephone him early in the day，while he is shaving or having breakfast，the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention.The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11∶00 p．m.. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours，he assumes it is a matter of life or death.The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件102张PPT。Unit 3　Going Home词语翻译
1．tide n．__________________
2．vanish v． _______________
3．rooted adj. _______________
4．exclaim v． ____________________
5．unformed adj. _____________________
6．tighten vt. ______________________潮，潮汐，潮流突然不见固定不动的呼喊，惊叫，大声叫发育不全的，未长大的绷紧，拉紧，勒紧7．retreat v． _______________
8．dream of _______________
9．pull into _______________
10．retreat into _______________
11．in jail _______________
12．get off _______________
13．fortify oneself against sth./sb.
_______________退却梦见……进站退入在狱中服刑入睡；出发加强；增强14．after all ____________________
15．in a trembling voice ____________________
16．tick away ____________________________
17．put pressure to _______________
18．require v． __________________
19．regard v． ____________________
20．responsible adj. _______________毕竟，终究，究竟以颤巍巍的声音说话(时间一分一秒地)过去对……施压需要；要求，规定尊敬，视为，看作负责的，可靠的21．assign v． __________________
22．delay v． __________________
23．appointed adj. _______________
24．attach v． ______________________________________
25．play a very important part
_____________________分配，指派；布置耽搁，延迟，迟滞指定的，约定的 连接；使依恋；认为有重要性；使附属起着很重要的作用26．in advance _______
27．solve the problem ____________
28．as a rule _______
29．make an appointment with someone
_______________
30．keep...in mind _______
提前解决问题通常与某人约会记住1stand　vt.　忍耐，忍受；经受得起
归纳拓展
stand作“容忍,忍受”讲时常用于否定句、疑问句.
stand doing/to do sth.容忍做某事
stand for代表,stand by支持(某人)；袖手旁观
stand out突出，显眼，引人注目
例句探源
①Painted red，the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.
粉刷成了红色，那建筑物在其余的建筑物中很显眼，特别吸引人。
②It’s hard to tell what the party stands for these days.
如今这个党派的主张是什么很难说清楚。即境活用
1．翻译句子
(1)His wife stood by him during his years in prison.
__________________________________
(2)我受不了吃饭时有人在我附近吸烟。
________________________________________________________________________他坐牢的那几年里妻子一直支持他。I can’t stand people smoking around me when I’m eating.2after all　毕竟；终究；到底
例句探源
①It’s not surprising you’re tired.After all，you were up until eleven last night!
难怪你感到疲倦。别忘了，你昨天晚上11点才睡觉呢！
②I don’t know why you’re so concerned.It isn’t your problem after all.
我不明白你为什么这样担心，这毕竟不是你的问题。
归纳拓展
above all 首先；最重要的是
first of all 第一，首先,all in all 总的来说
at all (否定句)丝毫；根本；(疑问句、条件句及肯定句内表示强调)究竟
in all 总共③Above all，I’d like to thank my family.
首先，我想感谢我的家人。
④All in all，we had a good time.
总的来说，我们玩得很愉快。即境活用
2．完成句子
(1)你根本不该责备那男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子,最重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。
You shouldn’t have scolded the boy ______，he is a child __________；___________，he made only two mistakes __________.
(2)为什么不让他呆在这儿呢？这毕竟是他的家.
Why is he not allowed to stay here？________，it’s his home.at allafter allabove allin allAfter all3requirement　n．　需要，要求；规定
归纳拓展
require vt.& vi.需要，要求
require to do要求做……
require sb.to do要求某人做……
require sth.to be done要求某事被做
require doing/to be done要求被做……require sth.of sb.要求某人某物
require that...(should＋)动词原形　要求做……
It is/was required that...(should＋)动词原形
要求做……例句探源
①Our immediate requirement is extra staff.
我们急需增加工作人员。
②Not all goods satisfy the customers’ requirements.
并非所有的商品都能满足顾客的需求。③(朗文P1946)Most house plants require regular watering.
大多数室内盆栽植物需要定期浇水。
④(2011年高考湖北卷)The state-run company is required to make its accounts as transparent as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
这家国营公司被要求财务尽可能做到透明，以便公司的员工能对资金的使用加以监督。即境活用
3．It was required that all the waste paper ________put into the rubbish bin.
A．was　　　B．must
C．be D．should
解析：选C。“废纸”和“放”之间为被动关系,所以此处应用“should be”，should被省略。
4regard　v．把……看作，视为　n．致意，敬意(常用复数形式)
归纳拓展
as regards至于，关于
with/in regard to关于，至于
regard...as...认为……是……
regardless of不管，不顾
in this/that regard在这方面，在那一点上
例句探源
①A few years ago I had an “aha！” moment regarding handwriting.几年前我对于书法突然产生了兴趣。
②As regards environmental issues，the government will enforce existing regulations.
关于环境问题，政府将执行现行条例。
③China will continue to curb property speculation regardless of recent changes in housing prices.无论房价近期如何变化，中国将继续遏制房地产市场的投机行为。5extend　v．延长，延伸；扩大；伸出，伸展；给予，提供
归纳拓展
extend for 延续……(指距离)
extended adj. 伸出的，延长的，扩大的，扩大范围的，长期的
例句探源
①(2011年高考四川卷)A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety，increases self?confidence and energy，extends life and above all improves my body shape.
承诺改变我们的生活方式；减少日常的焦虑,增加自信和能量，延长生命，并且首先改善我的体形。②He extended his arms in front of him as if he were praying to God.
他向前伸出双臂，好像在向上帝祷告求助。
[易混辨析]
expand，extend，spread，stretch
③The fire soon spread to the nearby buildings.
大火很快蔓延到附近的建筑。
④Water expands when it freezes.
水结冰时体积膨胀。
⑤The cat stretched out in front of the fire.
猫四肢伸展躺在火炉边。
⑥The hot weather extended to October.
炎热的天气一直持续到10月份。
6apology　n．道歉，致歉
归纳拓展【助记】
例句探源
①(2011年高考江苏卷)For a leader to express apology，there needs to be a good，strong reason.
对一个领导，要表达歉意需要有一个好的有力的理由。
②She made her apology and then left ahead of time.
她致歉后就提前离开了。③In my opinion，you should write a letter of apology to him.依我看，你应该给他写一封道歉信。
④(朗文P70)I must apologise for the delay in replying to your letter.
未能及时复信，我必须向你道歉。7 delay　n．& v．　延误，耽搁
归纳拓展
delay sb./sth.耽误某人/延误某事
delay doing sth.推迟做某事without(any)delay毫不拖延地，立即
a delay in doing sth.耽误做某事
a delay of two hours两小时的延误
【温馨提示】　delay作动词用时，后面只跟doing不能跟to do作宾语。
例句探源
①(朗文P389)They delayed publishing the report until after the election.
他们把报告延迟到选举后才发表。
②(朗文P389)Our plane was delayed by fog.
我们的飞机因有大雾而误点了。
③(朗文P389)Do it without delay！立刻去做，不得延误！④(2011年高考课标全国卷)They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
他们本该在午饭时间到达，但他们的航班被耽搁了。
即境活用
4．I don’t mind________the decision as long as it is not too late.
A．you to delay making　　　
B．your delaying making
C．your delaying to make
D．you delay to make
解析：选B。考查动词用法。mind后跟“doing”形式作宾语；delay也跟“doing”形式作宾语，故B项正确。8appoint　vt.　任命，委派；约定，指定，安排
例句探源例句探源
①(牛津P82)They have appointed a new headmaster at my son’s school.
我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。
②(牛津P82)They appointed him (as) captain of the English team.
他们任命他为英格兰队队长。
③The time appointed for the meeting was 10∶30.
规定开会的时间是10点30分。
④(牛津P82)She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
即境活用
5．完成句子
我们在考虑指定他当秘书。
We are considering _______________________act as secretary.
appointing him to9attach　vt.　附上；系上；贴上；使依恋
归纳拓展
attach...to...把……固定到……，把……附在……
attach oneself to参加；和……在一起
attach to sb./sth.与……有联系，与……有关联
attach importance to重视；认为……重要
be attached to依恋；爱慕，附属于
【温馨提示】　在attach...to...，attach oneself to和be attached to中to为介词。
例句探源
①(朗文P96)Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
申请表上请贴一张近照。
②This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.
这个医院附属于附近的那所医学院。
③He attached himself to the expedition.
他参加了那个探险队。
即境活用
6．We should __________ primary importance to job training.
A．concentrate B．devote
C．attach D．emphasize
解析：选C。本题考查attach的用法。attach importance to...“对……给予重视”，符合句意。concentrate on“集中精力于……”；devote to“致力于……”；emphasize on“着重于……”。
1【原句展示】The girl insisted that he join them.
【句法简析】join them 前面省略了should。insist 用法与suggest 相似。insist作“坚持”说时，要用陈述语气；作“坚决主张；坚决要求”讲时，用虚拟语气，它后面的句子中的谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。When the son suggested that they should go to the park on Sunday，the expression on his father’s face suggested that he agreed with him.
当儿子提议星期天去公园时，父亲用表情表示了默许。
They insisted that he (should)be present at the ceremony.
他们坚决要求他出席这次典礼。
He insisted that he was innocent.＝He insisted on his innocence.
他坚持说自己是无辜的。即境活用
翻译句子
1．她的父亲坚持她在毕业后应当学音乐。
________________________________________________________________________
2．爱丽丝说她没做错什么。
________________________________________________________________________Her father insists that she (should) learn music after she leaves school.Alice insisted that she had done nothing wrong.2【原句展示】Then，suddenly，all of the young people were up out of their seats，screaming and shouting and crying，doing small dances of joy.
【句法简析】screaming and shouting and crying，doing small dances of joy是现在分词作伴随状语。伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。例如：He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper.
他坐在椅子里，读一份报纸。
All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem.
他整夜都没睡着，一直在思考那个问题。即境活用
3．(2011年高考山东卷)Look over there—there’s a very long，winding path ________ up to the house.
A．leading B．leads
C．led D．to lead
解析：选A。句意：看那儿，有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。leading作为path的后置定语,相当于which leads。选A。
4．(2011年高考江苏卷)Recently a survey ________prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A．compared B．comparing
C．compares D．being compared解析：选B。句意：最近一项调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论，该调查是比较在两个不同超市里的相同商品的价格。句子的主语是a survey，谓语动词是has caused，宾语是heated debate。由此可见，原句不缺主干成分，“ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets”该部分是来修饰survey的，做后置定语。排除C作谓语动词的选项。由于prices作compare的宾语，是主动形式，所以选B。3【原句展示】In other areas of the world，it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten.
【句法简析】it代替to make an appointment too far in advance作形式主语。当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。It is wrong to tell a lie.
说谎是错误的。〔It为to tell a lie的形式主
语〕
It is no use arguing about it.争吵是没用的。〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕
It is uncertain who will come.
谁要来还不确定。〔It为who will come的形式主语〕
It 作形式主语的常见句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词＋to do sth./doing/that...
It is very important to learn a foreign language.
学一门外语非常重要。
It is useless crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收.
(2)It＋be＋名词词组＋doing/that...
It is no good telling lies.撒谎没好处。
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.
你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。(3)It＋be＋过去分词＋that...
该句型常见动词有：say，hope，think，suppose，expect，report，know，believe，decide，etc.
It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。
It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2011 tsunami.
据报道，至少有十七万人在2011年那场海啸中丧生。(4)It＋seems/appears/happens等不及物动词＋that...
It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
It appears that Tom might change his mind.
看来汤姆可能会改变主意。(5)若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。
Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow?
他们明天不来很重要吗？
Is it true that he will go abroad next week?
他下周出国是真的吗？(6)It＋takes＋(sb.)＋some time＋to do sth.
这是一个表示“(某人)花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式(to do sth.)，句型中的sb.也可以省略。
It took me some time to read the reading materials.
我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。即境活用
翻译句子
5．It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.
________________________________________
6．How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train?
________________________________________
从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？7．I am not sure，but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.
________________________________________________________________________
8．It was really surprising that she married a man like that.
______________________________________我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。9．It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.
______________________________________大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。4【原句展示】No matter what is said in apology，there is little that can remove the damage done by an hour’s wait in an outer office.
【句法简析】no matter what is said in apology是状语从句。“no matter＋疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……；不管……都……”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。No matter what happened，he would not mind.(＝Whatever happened，he would not mind.)
无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。
No matter who you are，you must keep the law.(＝Whoever you are，you must keep the law.
不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。
但“no matter＋疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。Whatever (＝No matter what) you say，I won’t believe you.(Whatever 引导让步状语从句)
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
I’ll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me.(whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。
Whoever comes will be welcome.(Whoever 引导主语从句)
不管谁来都受到欢迎。即境活用
10．________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A．However a serious problem
B．What a serious problem
C．However serious a problem
D．What serious a problem
解析：选C。根据句意“无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”，而however表让步时其顺序应是：however＋形容词＋主语＋谓语。however做连接副词，相当于no matter how，后接形容词或副词，意为“无论、不管”，引导让步状语从句，其序为“however＋形容词、副词＋主语＋谓语”。过去将来时态
一、基本用法
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中，且主句必须是一般过去时。例如： We asked him where we should go to work the next week.
我们问他我们下周上哪儿去劳动。
They wanted to know when you would finish the article.
他们想知道你什么时候写完这篇文章。 二、过去将来时的标志
1．判断过去将来时一定要有一个用于表示“过去”的参照物。这个参照物往往不是时间，而是一个发生在过去的动作。因而过去将来时常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。例如：
I rang up to tell my aunt that I should leave for Japan next Monday.
我打电话告诉我姑妈下星期一我要上日本去。 2．通过上下文来判断：
The students were getting ready for the exam at that moment.They would take part in an English exam.
学生们那时正在为考试做准备。他们将参加一次英语考试。 三、过去将来时的构成
过去将来时构成大致有五种形式，常见的有三种形式，另两种可以作一般了解。
1．由“助动词would＋动词原形”构成。 would常可缩写为：I’d，you’d，she’d，they’d等； would not常缩略为wouldn’t。例如：
The foreigners said they’d go to the Great Wall the next day.
这些外国人说第二天他们要去长城。 2．由“助动词should＋动词原形”构成， should常可缩写为’d。例如：
I wasn’t sure if it would rain.我不敢肯定是否要下雨。
3．由“was/were going to＋动词原形”构成。例如：
I thought it was going to rain.我以为天要下雨了。
He didn’t say when she was coming.
他没说她什么时候来。4．由“was/were＋to＋动词原形”构成。例如：
The teacher said he was going to tell us a story about the Long March.
老师说他要给我们讲一个长征的故事。
5．由“was/were about to＋动词原形”构成。例如：
I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.
我刚要出去，这时一个朋友来了。 四、几点注意问题
1．should一般只用于第一人称单复数。作情态动词时表示“应该”，可用于各种人称，而would可用于所有人称。
2．表示过去准备、打算或即将发生的动作,一般要用“was/were going to＋动词原形”形式。
3．表示即将发生的事受条件或环境的制约时，常用would/should，而不用was/were going to...形式。
4．能用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作的动词一般只限于表示位置移动的动词，如：arrive，come，go，leave，start等。
5．过去将来时主要用于宾语从句中，主句的谓语动词通常是said，asked，thought, knew，told等。
1．(2011年高考北京卷)—Bob has gone to California.
—Oh，can you tell me when he ________？
A．has left　　　　　　 B．left
C．is leaving D．would leave解析：选B。句意：——Bob已经去了加利福尼亚。——噢，你能告诉我他什么时候离开的？Bob has gone to California，去的动作已经发生过，说明他离开的动作发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时。故选B。
2．(2011年高考四川卷)—What a mistake!
—Yes.I________his doing it another way，but without success.
A．was suggesting B．will suggest
C．would suggest D．had suggested
解析：选D。句意：——多么严重的错误呀！——是的，我曾经建议他换个方法做，但他没听。他犯错误发生在过去，我提建议发生在他犯错误之前,是过去的过去,故用过去完成时。这里不是再现当时提建议的情景，故不用was suggesting。3．(2010年高考全国卷Ⅰ)—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No，I ________ my homework all day yesterday.
A．was doing B．would do
C．has done D．do解析：选A。句意：——你读完了Jane Eyre吗？——没有，我昨天一直做作业。可以根据句意解答，也可以使用排除法。A表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作使用进行时。题干中有all day yesterday时间提示为过去，应该选择与过去相关的时态，排除D。B为过去将来时不符合题意，C过去完成时是过去的过去，使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时，题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。4．(2010年高考湖南卷)I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ________it.Was it you?
A．has done B．had done
C．would do D．will do
解析：选B。该空动作发生在was just going to cut之前，即表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。句意：我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但(发现)有人已经将它剪切了。是你干的吗？5．(2010年高考湖南卷)I walked slowly through the market，where people________all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A．sell B．were selling
C．had sold D．have sold解析：选B。根据 “I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示 “人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”，即表示过去某时正在发生的动作，故选B项。
议论文
Ⅰ.知识归纳
议论文的结构一般有引子、正文和结论三个部分。一般在引子部分提出论点，即文章的主题,在正文部分摆出有利的事实，对论点进行严密的论证，最后根据前面的论证得出结论。议论文主要包括三要素：论点、论据和论证方法。论点必须正确。论据是为说明论点服务的，既要可靠又要充分，事实胜于雄辩，是最好的论据。论据也可以是人们公认的真理，经过实践考验的哲理。Ⅱ.常用素材
一、结构模板
模板一：直陈观点，以例佐证
观点：More haste，less speed.Before moving to the next step，one needs a practical consideration on what he has already achieved.(欲速则不达)
From my point of view，we should do everything step by step.One often fails without good preparation.Take English study for example.Just as Rome was not built in one day，it takes one years’ practice to have a good command of the language.If we do not learn from spelling correct words and writing acceptable sentences，we are never able to write a good composition.And without practicing oral English a lot，we can never speak Englishfluently.If we don’t read and listen a lot and do a lot of efficient exercises，we can not pass English tests.
In short，we should have a good foundation if we want to make great achievements in our studies and work or in other things as well.模板二：呈现看法，分说原由
观点：Honesty is the best policy.(诚实为上)
It is true that most of us value honesty highly.Personally I agree that honesty is the best policy.As we know，if one is honest，other people will deeply respect him or her，and are willing to make friends with him or her.In addition，being honest can make people’s life easier and more harmonious(和谐的)．There are a lot of examples to support the argument.For example，consumers will not be afraid of being overcharged if dealers arehonest.For another example，Singapore is a trustworthy society and has a very low criminal rate.
There is no doubt that being honest is of benefit to both the state and the individual.We should have the spirit of honesty.模板三：先抑后扬，肯定观点
观点：Should the students have the sense of competition？(是否应该培养学生的竞争意识)
There are two opposite opinions about competition.Some people think little of it，believing it will do harm to the relationship between people.Besides，some people don’t want to try hard to succeed so that they can find an excuse of their failure.From my point of view，we should try to encourage students to have the sense of competition because there exists great competition in our modern world.Having the sense of it will certainly be important for students to develop after they leave school.
However，we should guide our students to have a correct sense of it，getting them to know that they only have opponents but not enemies.We should also teach our students not to be afraid of failure because everyone may meet it more or less.Instead，try to face to and overcome it.
二、必备句型
1．Opinions vary from individual to individual.
2．Others argue/hold the view that...
3．What’s important is that...
4．As far as I’m concerned，I prefer...
5．When it comes to fialure，different people hold different attitudes towards it.
6．There is no denying that students can learn a lot from it.
7．In conclusion，I think having a very close relationship with a pet is healthy.
8．In short，it can be said that health is more important than wealth.
9．From what has been said above，we can safely draw a conclusion that attitude determines everything.
Ⅲ.模拟示范
学生考入大学后，是否要立即为其配备笔记本电脑，对此，有人赞同，有人反对。请给你根据下列内容，写一篇英语短文，并发表着自己的看法。
支持者：1.是对子女奋发努力取得好成绩的肯定和奖励；
2．方便今后的学习,可随时随地上网查资料。
反对者：1.势必会给某些家庭增加经济负担；
2．大学里有足够的计算机供学生使用。
注意：1.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
2．词数100左右。开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
Is it necessary for freshmen to have a laptop when they go to university?
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Is it necessary for freshmen to have a laptop when they go to univeristy？Different people have different ideas.Most people are in favor of it.First of all，freshmen deserve a laptop as an award for their great efforts and achievements.In addition，having a laptop in hand will bring more convenience to their studies and they can have easier access to the Internet，which will in turn benefit them.
However，some people hold opposite opinions.Their reasons are as follows.First，it will add the financial burden to some families.Besides，many universities are equipped with adequate computers for use.
Personally speaking，it is unnecessary to buy a laptop for freshmen.They may be addicted to computer games，which will have bad effects on their studies.本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件9张PPT。Unit 4　Man of Virtue & Challenging Yourself Ⅱ单元话题漫谈
Knowledge is one thing，virtue
is another；good sense is not
conscience，refinement is not
humility，nor is largeness and
justness of view faith.Philosophy，however enlightened，however profound，gives no command over the passions，no influential motives，no vivifying principles.Liberal Education makes not the Christian，not the Catholic，but the gentleman.It is well to be a gentleman，it is well to have a cultivated intellect，a delicate taste，a candid，equitable，dispassionate mind，a noble and courteous bearing in the conduct of life—these are the connatural qualities of a large knowledge；they are the objects of a University.I am advocating，I shall illustrate and insist upon them；but still，I repeat，they are no guarantee for sanctity or even for conscientiousness，and they may attach to the man of the world，to the profligate，to the heartless，pleasant，alas，and attractive as he shows when decked out in them.Taken by themselves，they do but seem to be what they are not；they look like virtue at a distance，but they are detected by close observers，and in the long run；and hence it is that they are popularly accused of pretense and hypocrisy，not，I repeat，from their own fault，but because their professors andtheir admirers persist in taking them for what they are not，and are officious in arrogating for them a praise to which they have no claim.Quarry the granite rock with razors，or moor the vessel with a thread of silk，then may you hope with such keen and delicate instruments as human knowledge and human reason to contend against those giants，the passion and the pride of man.本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件86张PPT。Unit 4　Man of Virtue & Challenging Yourself ⅡⅠ.词语翻译
1．delight v．___________________
2．nevertheless conj. _________________
3．virtue n．_________________
4．make up one’s mind____________________
5．set up_________________
6．have fun_________________
7．pass away__________(使)高兴，(使)欣喜然而，不过德行，美德下定决心，打定主意创立，建立玩得开心去世8．appreciative adj. ____________________
9．occasional adj. _____________________
10．inconvenient adj. ___________
11．faculty n．_________________
12．cultivate vt. _____________
13．anticipate vt. ______________
14．endurable adj. _________________
15．fix one’s attention on_________________有鉴赏力的， 感激的偶尔的，间或发生的不方便才能，本领，能力培养；教养预期，期望可忍受的；能忍集中注意力于……16．unlighted adj. _______________________
17．keen adj. ___________
18．sharp adv. ___________
19．glare n．_____________
20．angrily adv. _________________
21．unfold vt. _________________
22．release vt.& n．_____________________
23．as usual _________________未被点燃的，未被照亮的敏锐的整点眩目的光生气地；愤怒地打开，逐渐展示释(排)放；解脱；放开像往常一样24．now and then ___________
25．make certain ____________
26．make one’s fortune ___________
27．turn up ___________
28．pull out ________________________
29．arm in arm_____________偶尔确定谋生出现拔(抽，取)出；(车等)驶出臂挽臂Ⅱ.课文填空
根据课文“The Man Who Made Mickey Mouse”填空
The first full-length Disney film was Snow White.Walt had always liked the story，which had 1.___________many generations of children.But cartoons were expensive 2. ___________，and a long cartoon film had never been made before.The cost of making Snow White was 3. ___________delightedto makeparticularlyhigh，since three years were needed to produce it.Disney was not sure people would like it，and the uncertainty worried him.If the picture were not 4. ___________,he would lose everything.Fortunately，however，people loved the show.For years，both children and adults 5. _____________singing songs about the seven dwarfs who helped the lovely heroine，Snow White.a successwent around One of Disney’s favourite dreams was of creating a new kind of 6. ___________ park—a place where all the members of a family could go and 7. ___________together.Owners of other parks said it was impossible to succeed without offering dangerous rides and using methods that were at least a little dishonest.8. ___________，Disney decided to build his park in California and 9. ___________his plans for a clean，safe park，which he decided to call Disneyland.amusementhave fun Neverthelesswent on with1delight n. 快乐，高兴，喜悦
vt.& vi.　(使)高兴，(使)欣喜
归纳拓展
(1)delight in(doing)sth.以某事为乐(尤指不该做的事)
例句探源
①(牛津P528)She won the game easily，to the delight of all her fans.
这场比赛她赢得很轻松，令所有的崇拜者大为高兴。
②(牛津P528)He takes great delight in proving others wrong.
他以证实别人出错为一大快事。③He often delighted his children with funny stories.
他时常以滑稽可笑的故事使他的孩子们高兴。
④I cannot tell you how delighted I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.我无法告诉你我收到你赠送的漂亮的生日礼物的时候，我是多么的高兴。即境活用
1．As teachers，we should be ________of our students’ feelings.And then they will trust us.
A．anxious　　　B．afraid
C．delighted D．considerate
解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。be considerate of 固定搭配,意思是“体谅”。句意：作为老师,我们应该体谅学生(的感情)，这样他们才会相信我们。
2．Much to her ________，her son didn’t fail the exam.Instead，he passed.
A．attraction B．delight
C．error D．view
解析：选B。句意：令她高兴的是，她儿子没有考试不及格。相反他通过了。to one’s delight令某人高兴的是……。
2set up　设立，建立
归纳拓展
set about开始做,set aside把……放在一边；省出，留出
set down写下，记下
set off出发，动身；使爆炸；引起，激发
set out出发，动身；摆放；陈列；开始，着手
例句探源
①Then，in 1955，the organization set up an office in Beijing.
于是，1955年这个组织在北京设立了办事处。
②A new school was set up for the peasant workers’ children.一所为农民工孩子开办的新学校建立了起来。
③The business was set up by his father.
这家公司是他父亲开办的。
④(牛津P1823)She tries to set aside some money every month.她每个月都尽量存点钱。
即境活用
3．完成句子
这些年来我一直为别人工作，我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。
For all these years I have been working for others.I’m hoping I’ll _________________________ someday.set up my own business3debate　n．& vt. & vi.　 讨论，争论；辩论
归纳拓展例句探源
①(牛津P514)After a long debate，Congress approved the proposal.经过长时间辩论，国会通过了这项提议。
②The proposal is under debate.那个提议还在讨论当中。③We must debate the question with the rest of the members.我们必须和其他会员讨论这个问题。
④They were debating whether to go to the mountains or to the seaside.他们正在讨论要去山上还是去海边。即境活用
4．They had a fierce__________as to whether their company should restart the trade relationship which was broken years ago.
A．debate B．clash
C．disagreement D．contest
解析：选A。句意：他们就公司是否应当恢复几年前中断了的这一贸易关系进行了一场激烈的争论。debate 争论，辩论，指持不同观点的各方据理力争，并最终作出决定。clash冲突，打斗，显然较为严重；disagreement 争执；不一致。
4occasionally　 adv.偶尔；有时
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(2011年高考山东卷)．..and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out.
考虑当你外出的时候，偶尔把手机放在家里。
②I needed to buy a digital camera，one that was simply good at taking good snaps(快照)，maybe occasionally for magazines.我需要买一个数码相机，一个只精于拍快照并能偶尔发给各杂志的相机。③ I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.
我习惯了乘飞机旅行，只是有一次把我吓坏了。
④(朗文P1348)I have on occasion visited her at home.
有时我去登门拜访她。5convenient　adj.　便利的；方便的；就近的
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P436)You’ll find these meals quick and convenient to prepare.你会发现准备这样的饭既快又省事。
②(牛津P436)A bicycle is often more convenient than a car in towns.在城镇骑自行车常常比开车更方便。③(北京高考) Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.只要你方便，随时过来看我。
④(朗文P441)Being able to pay bills over the Internet is a real convenience.能通过因特网支付账单确实非常方便。
⑤(朗文P441)I’ll call in two weeks to arrange a meeting at your convenience.
我会在两周后打电话来把会议安排在您方便的时候。即境活用
5．完成句子
(1)地铁方便快捷，但上下班高峰时也会拥挤得可怕。
Trains are fast and _____________，but rush hours can be terrible.
(2)所有这些东西都给人们的生活带来了极大的便利和欢乐。
These things all _____________________ and
delight to people’s lives.
convenientbring great convenience6turn up　出现，到场；开大，调高；被发现归纳拓展
turn on打开,turn in上交；欺骗
turn out结果是；生产，制造；赶走
turn down关小；拒绝
turn off关掉
turn to转向，求助于例句探源
①Once he turned up thirty minutes late for a meeting!
曾经有一次他到达会议时已迟到30分钟！
②I’ll turn the television on.我来打开电视机。
③Turn up the radio so that I can hear the program.
把收音机音量开大些，好让我听见这个节目。
④Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.有困难请向警察求助。
⑤(朗文P2221)Don’t worry—I’m sure it will all turn out fine.别担心——我敢肯定一切最终会好起来。即境活用
6．用turn down；turn in；turn out的适当形式填空
(1)You shall ____________ your homework before you go to play football.
(2)Although we hadn’t planned like that，the party ____________ a great success.
(3)I knew I shouldn’t accept anything from such a person，but I found it difficult to ____________ his offer.turn inturned outturn down1【原句展示】If the picture were not a success，he would lose everything.
【句法简析】本句是条件句中的虚拟语气，表示对目前事情的假设。条件句中的虚拟语气的用法可以总结如下。1．条件句中虚拟语气的形式
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。2.虚拟语气的举例
(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he should go to Tsinghua University，he would make full use of his time.
如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here，he would tell us about it.
如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free，he would help us.
要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school，he would know you well.
如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film，I would have told you about it.
我如果看过这场电影，我就会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier，I would have met Mr.Li.
如果我早点到那儿，我就会见到李先生了。3．运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题
(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you，as it were中，只能用were。如：
Were I ten years younger，I would study abroad.
要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you，I would try my best to grasp the chance.
要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2)有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：
If I had worked hard at school，I would be an engineer，too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。
If they had informed us，we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：
If he were free today，we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her，he would have greeted her.
要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：
If it had not been raining too much，the crops would be growing much better.
如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
If he had been working hard，he would be working in the office now.
要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可省略，而将were，should，had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there，we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here，she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers，we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。
(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：
I would have come to see you，but I was too busy.
我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。
But for his help，we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction，I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it.他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam.
你应该会通过这次考试了。
②省略主句
If I were at home now.要是我现在在家里该多好啊.
If only I had got it.要是我得到它了该多好啊。
即境活用
1．(2011年高考北京卷)—I don’t really like James.Why did you invite him?
—Don’t worry.He ________come.He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A．must not B．need not
C．would not D．might not解析：选D。句意：——我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？——别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。2．(2011年高考北京卷)—Where are the children？The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they________always late.
A．weren’t B．hadn’t been
C．wouldn’t be D．wouldn’t have been
解析：选A。句意：——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。2【原句展示】The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.
【句法简析】be＋动词不定式(即be＋to do sth.)的用法如下：
(1)表示按计划或安排要做的事。
The Queen is to visit Japan in a week’s time.
女王将于一周后访问日本。 这种结构也可用于过去。was/were to do sth.
表示曾经计划要做的事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示“命运(即命中注定要发生的事)”，而非计划；was/were to have done sth.表示未曾实现的计划。
We were to have told you，but you were not in.
我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。(2)表示“应该”，相当于should，ought to。
You are to report to the police.你应该报警。
(3)表示“必须”，相当于must，have to。
You are to do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前你得先做完作业。(4)表示“想，打算”，相当于intend，want。
If we are to be there before ten，we’ll have to go now.
如果我们要在十点前到，我们现在就得走。
(5)用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。
Am I to go on with the work？要我继续完成这项工作吗？(6)用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相当于mustn’t。
The books in this room are not to be taken outside.
这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。
You are not to smoke in the reading-room.
你不可以在阅览室里吸烟。(7)表示“可以，可能”，相当于may，can。
The news is to be found in the evening paper.
这条消息可以在晚报上见到。
(8)were to do sth.用于if或even if/even though从句中，表示对未来的假设。
If I were to tell you that I killed him，would you believe me?
要是我告诉你是我杀了他，你会相信吗？
(9)be to blame(该受责备，对某坏事应负责任)与be to let(待出租)两种结构中，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Which driver is to blame for the accident?
这事故是哪个司机的责任？
即境活用
翻译句子
3．Even if the sun were to rise in the west，I would never do such a thing.
______________________________________
4．Such people are to be found everywhere.
______________________________________
即使太阳从西边出来，我也决不做这种事。这种人到处都有。5．What are we to do next?
______________________________________
6．She is to be married next month.
______________________________________下一步我们该怎么办？她将于下个月结婚。3【原句展示】We thought that in twenty years each of us ought to have our fate worked out and our fortune made，whatever they were going to be.
【句法简析】have sth. done意为使(让、请)别人做某事。其中have是使役动词,意为使、让,而不是有的意思，其后接复合宾语：sth.是宾语，done(是过去分词)是宾语补足语。整个结构(或称句型)所表示的动作是别人做的，不是由句子的主语完成的。Last year we had the house rebuilt.
去年我们把这房子翻修了一下。
注意：第一句是我们请人翻修；第二句是我们自己动手翻修。
They had a picture taken with the Japanese friends.
他们让日本友人带走了那幅画。
同时，have sth. done还表示遭遇到某事的意思。此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而不是动作的执行者。She had her watch stolen.她的表给人偷了。
He had his leg injured while playing football.
他在踢足球时腿受了伤。
注意：上句她的表给人偷了，但不是她叫人偷的；下句他的腿受了伤，但不是他叫人把他的腿弄伤的。即境活用
7．—My leg hurts a lot.
—You’d better go to the doctor and have it ________.
A．examined B．had
C．to be examined D．Examining
A形容词＋不定式结构
基本句式
“be＋形容词＋to do”句型中的不定式形式
“be＋形容词＋to do”是不定式的一个常见用法，在这个结构中，往往需要判断不定式是主动形式还是被动形式。例1：She is easy to teach.
解析：句意为“她很容易教。”She与teach之间为逻辑上的被动关系，好像应使用to be taught形式，但事实上使用不定式的主动式。再如，The apples are hard to reach.句意为“苹果很难够到”，apples与reach之间为逻辑上的被动关系，但实际上用不定式的主动式。在be＋形容词＋to do结构中，通常使用不定式的主动形式。例2：I am glad to be invited to her party.
解析：句意为“我很高兴被邀请参加她的聚会。”此句仍然是be＋adj.＋to do结构，但不定式使用了被动式，这是由形容词glad决定的。在一些表示心理活动的形容词的形容词后，如果句子主语和不定式在逻辑上构成被动关系，应使用不定式的被动式。再如，He was pleased to be appointed as chairman of the conference.(他很高兴被任命为这次会议的主席。)
这类形容词有：glad，pleased，happy，joyful，delighted，angry，angry，sorry1．单项填空
(2011年高考福建卷)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ________.
A．held B．holding
C．be held D．to hold解析：选D。句意为“iPad2与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同，拿在手里很舒服。”在用easy，difficult，hard，comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。hold与前面的the iPad 2有逻辑上的动宾关系，故用主动式。因此，选D。2．完成句子
(1)在这种地方是够可怕的。
____________ to be alone in such a place.
(2)每天干同一种工作是挺烦人的。
________________ to do the same thing everyday.
(3)发现屋里没人，令人心里很郁闷。
It was depressing ________________________.It’s awfulIt’s boringto find the house empty应用文—建议信/倡议书
Ⅰ.知识归纳
建议信是对收信人就某一问题提出看法、建议或忠告。建议信不同于投诉信，所以写信人一定要注意礼貌当先。建议信一般包括以下内容：首先说明写信的目的，其次，在肯定优点的基础上提出自己的建议或看法(否则别人以为你在投诉，而不是在提建议)，最后表达希望采纳建议。Ⅱ.常用素材
一、结构模板
【结构模板一】
Dear ________，
You have asked me for my advice with regard to _______________________，
and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.
In my humble opinion，you would be wise to take the following actions：________(建议的内容)．..I hope you will find these proposals useful，and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Good Luck with your________(祝愿)．..
Yours sincerely
Li Ming【结构模板二】
Topic
Date
Dear ________，
In order to________，I think ________.(点明发倡议的目的)First of all，________________.(提出第一条倡议)Let’s ________________.(具体做法)．Secondly，________.(提出第二条倡议) We should ________________.(具体做法) We should also________________.(提出第三条倡议)．Fianlly，let’s________________.(具体做法)
As for myself，I will ______.(表明自己的态度)
Dear fellow students/friends，let’s ________.(对特定对象发出呼吁)
Signature(签名)二、必备句型
1．I’m so glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on...
2．I’m glad to write the letter to tell you...
3．Here are a few suggestions/tips：...
4．I’m writing to express my views concerning...5．I hope you will find these proposal/suggestions/recommendations practical/useful/helpful.
6．In my personal opinion，it would be wise of you to take the following action.
7．I hope you will not find it too forward for me to suggest that you...
8．I’m extremely pleased to hear from you.And I would like to write a letter to tell you that...
9．I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.
10．I appeal to everyone/call on everyone to...
11．I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always.
12．I feel that it would be beneficial to express my views concerning...13．In the first place...I would also recommend...Last but not least...
14．I hope that you take my suggestions into serious consideration.
Ⅲ.模拟示范
假如你是李明，最近，你的朋友张华因考试不利，情绪低落，学习消极应付。请你用英语给他写一封e-mail，指出其消极行为可能带来的不良后果，并结合自身实际，提出应采取的积极态度和应对方法，鼓励他努力学习。
词数：120～150。
Dear Zhang Hua，
I’m sorry to hear that________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Ming
【参考范文】
Dear Zhang Hua, I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in your last exam.You are not the only one who seems to try his best but end up with a failure in exams.Quite a number of students feel the same way as you and they tend to lose their confidence and don’t want to study hard any longer.I’m sure you know that it’s unwise to do so because you might be left far behind.
I was once in the same situation as yours.Failure is the mother of success.In face of failure，what we need to do is to calm down and reflect our learning methods and make some possible changes or to ask the teachers for advice.Anyway，Rome is not built in a day.Only by sticking to studying persistently can we make progress step by step till success.I truly hope I can be of some help to you.
Yours，
Li Ming
本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件6张PPT。Unit 5　Wonders of Our Body单元话题漫谈
Blood Mystery Solved：Two New Blood Types Identified
ScienceDaily (Feb.23,2012)-You
probably know your blood type：
A，B，AB or O．You may
even know if you’re positive or negative.But how about the Langereis blood type？Or the Junior blood type？Positive or negative？Most people have never even heard of these.
Yet this knowledge could be “a matter of life and death，” says University of Vermont biologist Bryan Ballif.
While blood transfusion problems due to Langereis and Junior blood types are rare worldwide，several ethnic populations are at risk，Ballif notes.“More than 50,000 Japanese are thought to be Junior negative and may encounter blood transfusion problems or mother-fetus incompatibility，” he writes.But the molecular basis of these two blood types has remained a mystery — until now.
In the February issue of Nature Genetics，Ballif and his colleagues report on their discovery of two proteins on red blood cells responsible for these lesser-known blood types.
Ballif identified the two molecules as specialized transport proteins named ABCB6 and ABCG2.“Only 30 proteins have previously been identified as responsible for a basic blood type，” Ballif notes，“but the count now reaches 32.”
The last new blood group proteins to be discovered were nearly a decade ago，Ballif says，“so it’s pretty remarkable to have two identified this year.”本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件61张PPT。Unit 5　Wonders of Our BodyⅠ.词语翻译
1．momentary adj.____________________
2．infection n．____________________
3．imbalance n．____________________
4．donate vt. ______________
5．stick v．& vt. ___________
6．be up to____________________瞬间的，刹那间的感染；传染；传染病不平衡；不均衡捐赠；赠送刺，戳从事于，做……事情7．knock out ____________________
8．rob of ____________________
9．neither...nor... ____________________
10．protect from _____________
11．swallow v．_______________________
n. ________
12．apply vt. ____________________
13．edge n．___________击倒，打破使……失去既不……也不……保护咽；淹没；吞下；咽下燕子应用，应用于刀口，锋14．frequency n．_______________________
15．fire off __________
16．take for granted ____________________
17．finish off _____________
18．be made up of _______________
19．put together ______________________________________________频率，周率，发生次数发射想当然;认为理所当然结束，完成由……组成 把……加起来，装配，使成整体Ⅱ.课文填空
根据课文“Blood Testing”填空
So can an 1.___________of the blood’s components，For example，a low 2. ______________of white blood cells reduces the body’s ability to fight infections.A low concentration of oxygen-carrying red blood cells robs the body 3. _____energy-releasing oxygen.imbalanceconcentrationof4．____________ you lost a lot of blood，what would a doctor do？5. ____________the blood as quickly as possible by giving you a 6. ____________of blood donated by another person.But the doctor can’t use just anyone’s blood.The donor’s blood has to be 7. _____a type that won’t be destroyed by your blood.Blood type?SupposeReplacetransfusion ofWhat’s that?
Remember the blood your doctor took from you？Well，some of that blood 8. ______________used to find your blood type—A，B，AB，or O．Each of us has one of these 9. ___________blood types.People with a certain type can receive blood of only certain other types.may have been basic1donate　vt.　捐赠；赠送
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P602)There is no risk of getting AIDS when donating blood.献血不会染上艾滋病。
②Last year he donated 100,000 dollars to cancer research.
去年他捐赠10万美元支持癌症研究工作。
③The work of the charity is funded by voluntary donations.这家慈善机构工作所需资金是人们自愿捐赠的。
④All the donation was sent to the earthquake-striken areas.
所有捐赠都送往地震灾区了。即境活用
1．完成句子
如果大多数能赚钱自立的人把一天的工资捐给希望工程的话，事情就很有希望了。
If most breadwinners __________________________
the Hope Project，then it will be hopeful.
donate a day’s pay to 2figure n. 数字；身材，体形；人物
归纳拓展
例句探源
①Every woman wants a slim figure these days，especially here in Canada.
如今，每个女性都想拥有苗条的身材，尤其是在加拿大。
②She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.
她每天早上做运动以保持体形。③In the rice-growing world，the Chinese scientist，Yuan Longping，is a leading figure.
在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。
④(朗文P759)I could hear them talking but I couldn’t figure out what they are saying.
我能听见他们在说话，但就是听不清他们在说什么。
即境活用
2．The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________its reality.
A．make up　　　　B．figure out
C．look through D．put off
解析：选B。句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。make up组成；化妆；编造；figure out理解,弄清楚；look through浏览；put off推迟。3．完成句子
The girl is careful to choose her food because she wants very much to __________________(保持身材)．
keep her figure3be up to sb.　由……决定，是……的责任
归纳拓展例句探源
①He’s not really up to the job.
他并不能真正胜任这项工作。
②I’m afraid the play won’t be up to our expectations.
我担心该剧达不到我们预期的效果。
③Up to now，she has written four books.
到目前为止，她已经写了四部书了。
④(2011年高考陕西卷)What are you up to this weekend？本周末你干什么？4react　vi.(化学)反应；起作用；起反应
归纳拓展
react to对……作出反应
react with与……起(化学)反应
react against反对；反抗
react on/upon对……有影响
reaction n.反应
例句探源
①Applause can react greatly on a speaker.
听众的掌声对演讲人会有很大影响。
②Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈。
③What was his reaction to your remarks?
他对你的话有何反应？5sense vt.觉得；意识到;觉察出　n．感觉；感官
例句探源
①Thomas，she sensed，could convince anyone of anything.
她觉得，托马斯能说服人相信任何事。
②Sensing danger，they started to run.
感觉到有危险，他们撒腿就跑。
③Dogs have a keen sense of smell.
狗的嗅觉很灵敏。
④I had the sense that he was worried about something.
我感觉他有心事。
⑤(2011年高考湖北卷)Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together.
这或许与当人们在一起唱歌时，人们就有一种参与的感觉相似。
6take...for granted　认为……理所当然
归纳拓展
take sth.seriously严肃对待某事，认真地对待某事
take...as/to be...认为……是……
take...for...把……当作……(大都表示“把……误认为……”)take things easy放松一下，别紧张；沉住气，别着急
take the trouble不辞劳苦，不怕费事，尽力设法
take the lead领先，带头，走在前面
take one’s time慢慢来
例句探源
①Her husband was always there，which she just took for granted.
她丈夫随时都出现在身边，她只是认为他理应如此。②Don’t take it for granted that you can’t learn English well，why not?
你不要想当然地认为你不能学好英语，为什么就学不好呢？
③I’m afraid you’ll have to take the trouble of going there to see about it.
这事恐怕还得辛苦您一趟。【原句展示】Suppose you lost a lot of blood，what would a doctor do?
【句法简析】suppose作“假定，设想”讲,有时表示自己有一定根据的猜想，有时仅表述自己的意见。Let’s suppose that we had not helped him，what would happen？假定我们当时没有帮助他，他会怎样呢？
Suppose it rained，we would still go.
假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。
To find your blood type，the doctor sends your blood to a laboratory.即境活用
翻译句子
1．Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike.
______________________________________
2．The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.
______________________________________老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。火车本应在半小时之前到达。3．You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now.
__________________________________
4．He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.
__________________________________
5．She was not supposed to be angry about that.
__________________________________现在你应该已经把作业交上来了。他应该一小时前就到了。她本不该为那件事而生气的。强调句型
基本句式
强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who从句”。it在句中作先行词，被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：一、被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。
It is on the satellites of the Jupiter as well as Mars that scientists have found water.
科学家是在火星和木星的卫星上发现了水。
It was in 1964 that the first telephone satellite was set up by the Group of 17 Countries.
17国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在1964年。 二、被强调的是人时，引导词可用who/whom，也可用that。
Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?
是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？
必须注意的是，当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。
It was I who put forward the theory first.
是我最先提出这个理论的。
It is she who has been taking care of the old lady.
是她一直在照看这位老太太。 三、被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。
It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。
It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。 四、对not...until时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not until...that从句，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。注意习惯上不用not till,而且从句不能用when引导。
It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.
直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。1．(2011年高考四川卷)Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A．where　　　　　　　B．that
C．which D．what解析：选B。句意：他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋句子？2．(2011年高考陕西卷)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ________ benefits our work most.
A．who B．which
C．that D．what
解析：选C。强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that连接句子的其他部分。答案选择C。3．(2011年高考重庆卷)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course，I have.It was in our village ________ it was made.
A．that B．where
C．when D．which解析：选A。问话人询问对方是否看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。强调状语in our village。4．(2011年高考湖南卷)It’s not what we do once in a while ________ shapes our lives，but what we do consistently
A．which B．that
C．how D．when
解析：选B。本题考察强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。5．(2010年高考安徽卷)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A．where B．that
C．when D．which
解析：选B。迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。
6．(2010年高考湖南卷)John’s success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work ________ has made him what he is today.
A．why B．when
C．which D．that
解析：选D。题干为强调句型，被强调部分为years of hard work，故选D项。
7．It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.
A．that B．how
C．which D．when
解析：选A。句意为：正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。It＋be＋被强调成分＋that句型为强调句。
8．It was along the Mississippi River ________ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A．how B．which
C．that D．where
解析：选C。此处构成It was...that...强调句式，句中强调了介词短语along the Mississippi River。
应用文—演讲稿/致辞/发言稿
Ⅰ.知识归纳
演讲稿是演讲者在一定的场合，面对特定的对象，为了达到某种特定的目的而采取的表达自己观点的文字，在高考中时有出现。演讲稿与其他的文稿不同，它必须富有激情、号召力和感染力。因此，演讲稿的文字必须通俗易懂，演讲稿的句子必须简短，便于表演。发言稿的特定形式决定了其语言口语性强，因此应少用复杂句，多用简单句。同时,发言稿必须有感染力，因此还可以使用祈使句、感叹句、强调句、省略句等。另外，为了引起对方注意，发言稿需使用呼吁和结束语。Ⅱ.常用素材
一、结构模板
【结构模板一】
Salutation，everyone/ladies and gentlemen！(称呼和问候)
Some of us are having problems ________.(点题) I fully understand ________.________to make sure________.(阐释做事的目的)They have probably ______________.Or perhaps they just ________________.My suggestion is：________________________________________________________________________.
If you ________________，write them ________________and ________.(解释原因提出建议)
Thank you！(礼貌结束语)【结构模板二】
Salutation
________suggests that ________.I think that________.(点明发言主旨)
Everyone knows that ___________.Seldom do we know___________，let alone__________.So I think _______.What’s more，it will help us________.(陈述观点及缘由)
As for ________.And we should_________.I’m sure ________.(个人建议及决心)二、必备句型
1．First of all，thank you for giving me this opportunity.
2．We have good reasons to believe that things will get better and better.
3．Many people believe/hold the view/think that...
4．We，therefore，can make clear from the above discussion that...5．If you choose me to be chairman of the Student Union，I will...
6．It is a great honour for me to stand here and give my speech.
7．The topic of my speech today is...
8．Thanks for your listening(to my speech)．
9．As far as I’m concerned，I think it is a good idea to...
10．It is a great pleasure for me to have this wonderful chance to speak here.
Ⅲ.模拟示范
90后出生的学生，思想特殊、行为方式和价值观令人担忧。假如你是一名90后出生的学生刘林，请根据下表中所提供信息以“Do trust us—a generation born in the 90s”为题写一篇英语演讲稿，以消除人们的忧虑。
注意：1.对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥,不要简单翻译。
2．词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。
3．演讲稿中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。
Good afternoon，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Do trust us—a generation born in the 90s”．Living in an environment full of fiercer competition，we，a generation born in the 90s，are faced with more problems in entering higher schools and getting employed.____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your listening!
【参考范文】
Good afternoon，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Do trust us—a generation born in the 90s”．
Living in an environment full of fiercer competition，we，a generation born in the 90s，are faced with more problems in entering higher schools and getting employed.Under these circumstances，we are developing our special manners and values，which has raised people’s concern.They worry we care too much about ourselves and are unwilling to cooperate with others，which makes it hard for us to achieve success in whatever we do.Besides，they consider us as lacking in determination，and this is what it takes to do any job well.Without it，we may easily give up in time of difficulty.They are also concerned that we are so eager to win instant fame that we follow fashion blindly，which will in turn ruin our values and future.However，we，a generation born in the 90s，have our own advantages despite some weaknesses.Firstly，we have the courage to meet challenges and take risks，which helps realize our dreams.In addition，we are quick-minded and creative.We can do our work more efficiently.Yet，we still need to learn more from those experienced.Please do trust us!
Thank you for your listening!
本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件8张PPT。Unit 6　Experiencing the Wonders & Challenging Yourself Ⅲ单元话题漫谈
What are the functions of color in our daily life
Color plays a vital role in our
daily life.We can’t survive
without it.What we eat
and wear，which decorated style we can choose to live，where and how we go are effected by color.
In supermarket，people always choose the green vegetables，the fresh meat，as well as clean water，because those splendid color symbolize it’s usefulness to health.If the colors of the food suddenly turn to abnormal，people will throw it into bin.
In shopping mall，the salesman or saleswoman always warmly welcome and suggest you select the proper color according to your body andyour age.If you’re handsome young man and 20-something，he or she will suggest you select the white and red color.If you look older beyond your really age，he or she will advise you buy the black one.Because in our minds，white and red color always connect with passion as well as energy，while black color symbolize mature and success.One day，you buy a flat.The decorated designer will use your favorite color to decorate your private space，such as the white warm Mediterranean decorated style，the bright simple Scandinavia decorated style，the yellow Islam decorated style，the black Chinese Ancient decorated style.If you like，they’ll make it come true.Color is also widely used in the traffic system.In the cities like Chengdu，all the Public Buses are painted with different colors in order to be recognized easily and be managed orderly.The north-south line buses are painted with red while the east-west line buses are black.The circle-round lines are
white color，while other lines are decorated with other different colors.It’s very convenient to strangers who come first to Chengdu.It also creates a landscape，making the city a best destination for tourism.It’s the power of the color，isn’t it?本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件88张PPT。Unit 6　Experiencing the Wonders & Challenging Yourself ⅢⅠ.词语翻译
1．sensitive adj._________________
2．comfort vt. ________ n. _____________
3．symbolically adv. _____________
4．awaken vt. _________________
5．claim vt. _________________
6．be sensitive to _________________敏感的；灵敏的使舒适舒适；安慰象征性地唤起，叫醒声称，断言对……敏感7．in good health ______________
8．play an important role _______________
9．have an effect on __________________________________________
10．turn off _________________________
11．pull out of _________________
12．be supposed to _________________身体好起重要作用 对……有影响；对……起作用；产生效果离开……转入另一条路离开；退出应该，据说13．striking adj. _____________________________________
14．reflection n．________________________
15．dominant adj. ___________________
16．be the same as ___________________
17．either...or... ___________________
18．look through ___________________
19．call in ___________________ 显著的；惹人注目的，容貌出众的反射，映象，倒影，反省占优势的，支配的与……一样，适用于要么……要么……透过……看，看穿召集，召来，来访20．turn...over ___________
21．now that ___________
22．speak of ___________
23．take delight in ___________
24．step into ___________
25．equal to ___________
26．beyond a doubt ___________反复考虑既然谈及，说到乐于进入等于毫无疑问地Ⅱ.课文填空
根据课文“Colour your life”填空
Next time you get 1.________ behind a slow driver，look at the colour of his car.It’s probably green.Researchers have found that green cars are 2. ________by stubborn drivers who won’t get out of the way for anybody.They also 3. ________ other drivers for the way they drive.stuckchosen criticizeThe research also showed that bright red cars are usually driven by extroverts who hate 4. _________________.And，it is claimed，yellow cars are always in a hurry.Drivers of yellow cars won’t wait in a traffic jam；they will 5. ________the road and try to find an 6. ___________ route.
Blue is the colour chosen by the relaxed motorist.He is unlikely to get angry with other drivers and will almost certainly stop and letyou 7. ________of a side road.
being overtakenturn off alternativepull out Black was the only colour 8. ________ when cars were first sold.There is a famous remark which Henry Ford，the first mass-producer of motor cars，is 9. ________ to have made when somebody asked about what colour car they could have：“...any colour 10. _________ it’s black.” Now，black has become a popular colour in some countries because it is “different” and rare.availablesupposedso long as1symbol　n．象征，标志；符号，记号　vt.象征；标志
归纳拓展
a symbol of...……的象征，……的标志
the symbol for...……的符号
be symbolic of...是……的象征例句探源
①(2010年高考天津卷)Those symbols have travelled unaffected through fifty years，rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard，invisible(看不到的)exhibits at every meal.五十年来这些标志未曾改变，深深扎根于廉价的擀面板，是每一餐中无形的展品。②What is the chemical symbol for copper?
铜的化学符号是什么？
③The snake is symbolic/a symbol of evil.
蛇是邪恶的象征。2have an effect on　对……产生影响，对……起作用，对……有效果
例句探源
①Her illness has had a bad effect on her work.
她的病对工作有坏的影响。
②(朗文P650)Seeing my father in such pain really had an effect on my mom.看到父亲如此痛苦，母亲的确受到了影响。
归纳拓展
come into effect开始生效
in effect实际上，事实上，生效，正在实施中
take effect开始实施；开始生效
put/bring...into effect实行……；实施……
of no effect无效的；无用的
③The new tax law will not take effect until next month.
新税法要到下个月才开始实施。
④These suggestions were adopted and put into effect.
这些建议得到了采纳，并付诸实施。
即境活用
1．(2012年兰州模拟)At the meeting we talked about the possible effect the new rules might have ________ the students’ behavior.
A．with　　　B．about
C．on D．above
解析：选C。此题考查have an effect on sth.“对……有影响”的用法。3be supposed to do...　理应做某事
归纳拓展
suppose＋sb./sth.＋to do/adj./prep.-phrase猜想，认为
suppose＋that-clause猜想，认为
suppose/supposing＋that-clause假定，假设例句探源
①(2010年高考四川卷)I realized that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety.
我意识到孩子不知道他应该为他的安全而害怕担心。②Suppose/Supposing(that) they can’t finish the work in time，we will have to put off the date of the ceremony.
假如他们没能及时完成工作，我们就得推迟典礼的日期。4turn over (使)翻转；调转；仔细考虑；移交；交给
归纳拓展
turn against 转而反对；使……反对
turn away 不理睬；拒不接受
turn down 拒绝；把(收音机等的音量)开小
turn out 关掉(电灯或煤气)；结果是……turn to 查阅(某书)；求助于；找(某人寻求帮助等)；变成
turn around 转回身；把……往回开
turn back 翻回；使往回走
turn in 交(上去)；交给(警察)
turn into 变为；使变为；翻译
in turn 轮流，反过来
turn up 出现
例句探源
①Turn over or your back will get sunburnt.
翻过身去，不然你的后背要被阳光灼伤的。
②He turned the new idea over in his mind.
他仔细地考虑了这种新想法。
③To whom should we turn over the key when we leave here？在离开这里时，我们把钥匙交给谁呢？④They offered her the job but she turned it down.
他们给了她那份工作，但她拒绝了。
⑤Each of us in turn had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.
我们每个人都得依次说一说喝酒如何影响了我们的生活。5equal v．等于；抵得上 adj.相等的；胜任的
n. 同等的人；相等物
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P680)I’m not sure he is equal to the job.
我不确定他是否能胜任这份工作。
②None of us can equal her，either in beauty or as a dancer.
不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。③It is reasonable to demand equal pay for equal work.
要求同工同酬是合理的。
④He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。【助记】即境活用
2．I don’t think he is equal________this kind of work，so I can’t hire him.
A．in doing B．doing
C．to do D．to doing
解析：选D。be equal to doing sth.胜任某事，其中的to为介词。1【原句展示】People are affected by colour more than they realize because colour is related to all aspects of our lives.
【句法简析】more than在本剧中的意思为“超过”。它的用法可以总结如下：
(1)more than后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。
Hibernation is more than sleep.
冬眠不只是睡觉。(2)more than与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。
More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.
十多位警察出现在出事地点。
(3)more than与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常、十分”。
I was more than surprised to see the lion standing at the body.
看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。(4)more than与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。
Repeated advertising will more than increase product sales.
多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。
(5)more than和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义。
This problem is more than a child like Jack can settle.
这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。
即境活用
翻译句子
1．They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition.
看到我们远征而归，________________。
2．I have known him for more than twenty years.
我认识他已________二十年了。他们异常高兴超过3．Kate was more than a teacher.She also did what she could to take care of her pupils.
______________________，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。
4．The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe.
我__________那个山村的美丽。凯特不仅仅是位教师难以描述5．His progress in English learning more than encouraged him to learn the subject well.
在英语学习方面的进步__________________________________。
激励他学好这门课程2【原句展示】Next time you get stuck behind a slow driver，look at the colour of his car.
【句法简析】表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him.
我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。
注意：every time，each time，any time前不用冠词，(the) next time，(the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。即境活用
完成句子
6．每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。
We lose a few skin cells ______________ we wash our hands.
7．你随时都可以给我打电话。
You can call me ____________ you want to.every timeany time3【原句展示】But the more he thought of the matter the less pleased he was with the crown.
【句法简析】本句中的the more...the less...是“ the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化,其中的两个the都是副词,而不是冠词。(1)在通常情况下，前一个“the＋比较级”相当于比较状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级”为主句。
The more I read the book，the more I liked it.
这本书我越看越喜欢。
The more difficult the questions are，the less likely he is able to answer them.
问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。(2)有时前一个“the＋比较级”相当于条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级”为主句，从句不可用将来时。
The earlier you start，the sooner you’ll be back.
你出发得越早，回来得就越早。
The more you practise，the better you can understand.
你练习得越多，理解得就越透。即境活用
完成句子
8．他越忙越高兴。
He is ____________，____________ he feels.
9．你爬得越高，就看得越远。
You climb ____________，____________ you will see.
the busierthe happierthe higherthe farther10．孩子越吵闹，他们的母亲就越高兴。
____________ they were，____________ was their mother.
11．你越努力，进步就越快。
____________ you work，____________ progress you will get.
The noisierthe happierThe harderthe more12．树大招风。
____________ the tree (is)，____________ the wind (is)．
13．锻炼得越多，身体越强壮。
____________ exercise you take，____________ you are.
The higherthe strongerThe morethe stronger 定语从句
基本句式
一、概念
在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。关联词
常见的关联词有关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词where,when，why等。二、种类
1．由that引导的定语从句
一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语。
The comrade that(who)is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker.
正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人。Is this the doctor that(whom)you talked about yesterday?
这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？
The letter that(which)I received yesterday was from my father.
昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句
who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语。
This is the thief who stole my bike.
这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。
He is the boy whom you wanted to find.
他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。3．由which引导的定语从句
which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。
The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”．
妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《西行漫记》。
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum.
鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句
where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。
I will never forget the day when I joined the League.
我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。
He will go back to the school where he studied next week.
下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。I don’t know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin.
我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。
注意：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。
The play(which)I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3.
我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。1．(2012年上海春季)Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement ________ took courage.
A．what　　　B．who
C．which D．where
解析：选C。考查定语从句的关系词。此处achievement在定语从句中作主语。句意：跨越大洋航行的本身就是一种需要勇气的成就。2．(2011年课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A．that B．which
C．whose D．what
解析：选C。句意：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系,译为作者的故事，因此选C。3．(2011年高考大纲全国卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt，________ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A．this B．that
C．what D．which解析：选D。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。4．(2011年高考北京卷)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，________，of course，make all the others upset.
A．who B．which
C．what D．that
解析：选B。逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。选择which。5．(2011年高考上海卷)You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.
A．which B．where
C．when D．as
解析：选A。考查定语从句和引导词。先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后差宾语，故用关系代词which。6．(2011年高考山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.
A．they B．where
C．what D．that
解析：选D。关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。7．(2011年高考江西卷)She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction ________ had taken more than three years.
A．for which B．with which
C．of which D．to which
解析：选C。先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。介词用of。选C。8．(2011年高考江苏卷)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，________ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A．when B．where
C．that D．Which
解析：选A。句意：音乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。When引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为A。9．(2011年高考江西卷)On receiving a phone call from his wife________she had a fall，Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.
A．says B．said
C．saying D．to say
解析：选C。“在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒后，Gordon先生立刻从办公室冲回家。”非谓语动词修饰phone call，前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，表主动进行用现在分词的形式。选C。9．(2011年高考浙江卷)A bank is the place ________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A．when B．that
C．where D．there
解析：选C。本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。10．(2011年高考福建卷)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A．which B．where
C．what D．who
解析：选A。分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。
11．(2011年高考福建卷)It was April 29,2011 ________ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A．that B．when
C．since D．before
解析：选B。去掉It was及that后，April 29,2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April 29,2011。
12．(2011年高考四川卷)The school shop，________ customers are mainly students，is closed few the holidays.
A．which B．whose
C．when D．where
解析：选B。句意：这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。
13．(2011年高考天津卷)The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A．when B．that
C．where D．which
解析：选A。句意为：when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为：全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。
14．(2011年高考陕西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend，________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A．which B．where
C．who D．that
解析：选B。先行词是hill，表地点，定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。
15．(2011年高考湖南卷)Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of ________ she spoke fluently.
A．who B．whom
C．which D．that
解析：选C。介词后只能使用的关系代词是which，who，whose，因为句子中关系词指代是语言，故选C；句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。
应用文—自荐/推荐信
Ⅰ.知识归纳
文体特点
写一封恰当得体的求职信可能是你在寻找工作的时候遇到的最棘手的问题之一。在求职的过程中,你也许是平生第一次撰写一封专业水平的信件。因此，你所面临的问题很多。求职信切忌空洞，求职信的内容要全面具体,同时又必须是相互关联的一个整体,这样的求职信才能真正对你的事业起到推动的作用。Ⅱ.常用素材
一、结构模板
【结构模板一】
Dear Sir or Madam，
①I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in ________(报纸名称)of ________(广告发布时间)．②Not only do I have the qualifications for this job，but I also have the right personality for a ________(工作名称)．
③In the one hand，________(第一个原因)．
④On the otherhand，________(另一个原因)．
⑤Should you grant me a personal interview，I would be most grateful.⑥If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at ________(电话号码)．⑦Thank you for considering my application，and I am looking forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming【结构模板二】
Dear ________，
①I am applying for the position of ________(想申请的职务) advertised in.
②I majored in ________(专业)．
③My training in ________(接受过的培训) definitely meets your qualifications.
④My complete resume is attached.⑤I will graduate on ________(毕业时间)from ________(毕业院校)．
⑥In addition to the required courses of my major，I have ________(除专业外，选修的课程)．
⑦I also have some experience in ________(曾有过的社会工作经验)．
⑧You will find me to be ________(请对方对自己有信心)．
⑨May I have a personal interview at your convenience?
⑩I can be reached by telephone.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming二、必备句型
1．In reply to your advertisement in today’s newspaper，I respectfully offer my services for the situation.
2．Replying to your advertisement in today’s issue of the(newspaper)，I wish to apply for the position in your esteemed firm.
3．With reference to your advertisement in(newspaper)of May 2 for a clerk，I offer myself for the post.
4．I wish to apply for the position advertised in the enclosed clipping from the(newspaper)of November 12.
5．In answer to your advertisement in today’s newspaper for a secretary，I wish to tender my services.
6．Learning from XX that you are looking for a sales manager，I should like to apply for the position.7．Your advertisement for a telephone operator in the newspaper of March 8 has interested me，I feel I can fill that position.
8．For the past three years，I have been in the office of the XX Trading Co., where I have been an accountant。
9．I am twenty years of age，and have been employed for the last two years by the XX Co.,in the general clerical work of the office.10．I am twenty years of age，and am anxious to settle down to office work.
11．Since my graduation from the school two years ago, I have been employed in XX Hotel as a cashier.
12．I am able to take dictation in English and translate it rapidly into Chinese.
Ⅲ.模拟示范
假设你是李雷，是北京一中的一名学生，想要参加北京大厦的招聘工作，请你根据下列内容给公司经理写一份申请。
1．1991年5月1日生于北京；
2．今年7月高中毕业，学习英语6年；
3．对英语感兴趣，尤其擅长口语和写作；
4．熟练掌握电脑操作技术，会编程，打字每分钟100。
注意：1.词数：100左右；
2．可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
4．参考词汇：编程make programs
Dear Manager，
I am a student from Beijing No.1 High School.________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Lei
【参考范文】
Dear Manager，
I am a student from Beijing No.1 High School.I was born on May 1st in 1991 and I will graduate in July this year.I have studied English hard for six years because I am really interested in it.I am especially good at spoken English and written English.Operating the personal computer is also one of myadvantages.I can not only make programs for it by myself but also do well in typing，for my typing speed is 100 words per minute.
If I am accepted，I will cherish the opportunity and work hard to be a good employee.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Lei
本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件20张PPT。专项提能计划——完成填空(一)记叙文
(2011·高考北京卷)I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself.And _____ otherwise assigned (指定) a seat by the teacher，I always_____to sit at the back of the classroom.CDAll this _____ after I joined a sports team.It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team.At first I thought it was a crazy _____ because I didn’t have a good sense of balance，nor did I have the _____ to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me.But for the teacher who kept insisting on my“_____ for it”，I wouldn’t have decided to give it a try.BACAGetting up the courage to go to the tryouts was only the _____ of it! When I first started _____ the practice sessions，I didn’t even know the rules of the game，much _____ what I was doing.Sometimes I’d get _____ and take a shot at the wrong direction—which made me feel really stupid. _____ ，I wasn’t the only one “new”BCADBat the game，so I decided to _____ on learning the game，do my best at each practice session,and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn’t _____ “just yet”．ADI practiced and practiced.Soon I knew the _____ and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and motivating.Very soon the competitive _____ in me was winning over my lack of confidence.With time，I learned how to play and made friends in the _____—friends who respected my efforts to work hard and be a team player.I never had so much fun!
CBAWith my _____ self-confidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates.I have gone from “_____” in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself， _____ raising my hand—even when I sometimes wasn’t 100 percent _____ I had the right answer.Now I have more self-confidence in myself.BDDC36．A.as　 B．Until　
C．unless　　　　　D．though
37．A.hoped B．agreed
C．meant D．chose
38．A.continued B．changed
C．settled D．started
39．A.idea B．plan C．belief D．saying
40．A.right B．chance
C．ability D．Patience
41．A.going B．looking
C．cheering D．applying
42．A.point B．half C．rest D．basis
43．A.enjoying B．preparing
C．attending D．watching
44．A.less B．later C．worse D．further
45．A.committed B．motivated
C．embarrassed D．confused
46．A.Interestingly B．Fortunately
C．Obviously D．Hopefully
47．A.focus B．act C．rely D．try
48．A.want B．do C．support D．know
49．A.steps B．orders C．rules D．games
50．A.role B．part C．mind D．value
51．A.process B．operation
C．movement D．situation
52．A.expressed B．improved
C．preserved D．recognized53．A.dreaming B．playing
C．relaxing D．hiding
54．A.by B．for C．with D．to
55．A.lucky B．happy
C．sure D．satisfied
破题思路
胆怯的我，不愿意在课堂上被老师提问，常常坐在教室的后排座位上。但是经过一段时间的篮球训练，我的自信心增强了，上课也积极了。
疑难剖析
1．But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “going for it”，I wouldn’t have decided to give it a try.(Paragraph 2)
本句使用了虚拟语气，but for引导含蓄条件句，表示“要不是……”，此处是对过去情况的虚拟假设。
句意：要不是老师坚持让我争取的话，我是不会决定尝试的。
2．Sometimes I’d get confused and take a shot at the wrong direction—which made me feel really stupid.(Paragraph 3)
该句使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句,主句中含有两个并列谓语。
句意：有时我很糊涂，将球投向错误的方向,这使我感觉自己很傻。
名师支招
完形填空题首句不设空，首句往往是全文的关键句，它是判断文章体裁以及预测全文主旨大意的依据。因此，在做题时，我们要充分利用完形填空题首句的提示作用来答题，如本文，我们可以把不设空的首句“I used to hate being called upon in class mainlybecause I didn’t like attention drawn to myself.”作为一个突破口,从该句中的“used to”可以看出,这里要涉及的是“今昔”的对比：过去对于被老师点名的态度是hate，而现在应该是like。这些变化肯定会与老师有关，这样预测就可以大大降低解题的难度。
小贴士?　记叙文型完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式。一般通过对事件的记述，反映出作者的某种思想，最后得出事件产生的结果。其特点是：
1．情节曲折,信息量大,结尾往往出人意料。因此,要理清故事发展脉络,并根据语言、行为、心理活动去了解作者的写作意图,对故事的发展和结局做出合理的想象和预测。2．内容多为中学生熟悉的话题,尤其是反映人际关系、当今科技发展对人际关系影响的文章。特别要注意事件对人的思想的影响。
本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件18张PPT。专项提能计划——完成填空(三)说明文
(2010·高考安徽卷)Most people give little thought to the pens they write with，especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very ______things are handwritten.All too often，people buy a pen based only on ______ ，and wonder why they are not satisfied ______ they begin to use it.However，buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not ______ if you keep the following in mind.BAADFirst of all，a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be _______to use.The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征) _______ comfort.Having a small hand and thick fingers，you may be comfortable with a thin pen.If you have a _______ hand and thicker fingers，you may _______ a fatter pen.The length of a pen can _______ influence comfort.A pen that is too _______ can easily feel top-heavy and unstable.BCDABCThen，the writing point of the pen should _______the ink to flow evenly(均匀地)while the pen remains in touch with the paper. _______ will make it possible for you to create a _______ line of writing.The point should also be sensitive enough to _______ ink from running when the pen is lifted.A point that does not block the _______ may leave drops of ink, _______ you pick the pen up and put it down again.BCDACB_____,the pen should make a thick，dark line.Fine-line pens may _____ bad handwriting,but fine，delicate lines do not command _____ next to printed text,as, _____ ,a signature on a printed letter.A broader line，on the other hand，gives an impression of confidence and authority(权威)．DDAB36．A.many　　　　　B．few　　　　　
C．pleasant　　　　　D．important
37．A.looks B．reason
C．value D．advantages
38．A.once B．if C．because D．though
39．A.convenient B．practical
C．strange D．difficult40．A.heavy B．easy C．hard D．Safe
41．A.taking B．finding
C．determining D．seeking
42．A.stronger B．weaker
C．smaller D．larger
43．A.prefer B．recommend
C．prepare D．demand
44．A.hardly B．also C．never D．Still
45．A.thick B．light C．long D．soft
46．A.change B．allow
C．reduce D．press
47．A.They B．One C．This D．Some
48．A.thin B．rough C．black D．smooth
49．A.prevent B．free
C．protect D．remove
50．A.way B．sight C．flow D．stream
51．A.so B．as C．and D．yet
52．A.Meanwhile B．Generally
C．Afterwards D．Finally
53．A.show up B．differ from
C．break down D．compensate for54．A.attention B．support
C．respect D．admission
55．A.at most B．for example
C．in brief D．on purpose破题思路
这是一篇说明文。作者向我们介绍了什么形状的钢笔让我们使用起来感到舒服，笔尖的好坏对我们书写的影响以及线条粗细和深浅的产生的影响。
疑难剖析
1．Most people give little thought to the pens they write with，especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very few things are handwritten.(Paragraph 1)
该句是一个复合句，使用了since引导的时间状语从句。“they write with”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the pens”。
句意：当现代家庭和办公室内打印机的使用意味着将几乎没有什么东西是手写的时候，人们就忽视了对钢笔的使用。2．Then，the writing point of the pen should allow the ink to flow evenly(均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper.(Paragraph 3)
该句使用了while引导的时间状语从句，主句中使用了allow sb./sth.to do sth.结构。
句意：当钢笔接触到纸面时，笔尖应该能够让墨水均匀地流出来。
名师支招
说明文是完形填空题中难度最大的一种体裁,其显著特点为：开头点题。所以在做说明文类完形填空题时，要抓住文章的首句，明确说明的对象是什么，是具体事物还是理论性概念，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。比如该文第一句就告诉我们所介绍的对象“the pens”。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。小贴士?　在说明文型完形填空题中，作者一般是首先提出一个要说明的对象，如某种理论、某种方法、某种技巧、某项活动，然后按照从时间、空间、事情发展的顺序，再运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等一定的方式进行介绍或说明。对于这一类型的完形填空,就考生而言最重要的还是要抓住作者说明的中心。这类文章的每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以考生一般要注意概括每一个段落的主题大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往对说明的话题进行概括说明。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件18张PPT。专项提能计划——完成填空(二)夹叙夹议类
A Love Note to My Mom
(2011·高考天津卷)When I was a little girl，I would often accompany you as you modeled for fashion photographers.It was years later that I finally understood what role modeling _______in your life.Little did I know you were _______ every penny you earned to go to _______ school.BACI cannot thank you enough for _______you told me one autumn afternoon when I wasnine.After finishing my homework，I wandered into the dining room where you were buried _______ piles of law books.I was _______.Why were you doing what I do — memorizing textbooks and studying for _______ ？When you said you were in law school，I was more puzzled.I didn’t know Moms _______ be lawyers too.You smiled and said，“In life，you can do anything you want to do.”
ADCBDAs young as I was，that statement kept ______in my ears.I watched as you faced the ______ of completing your studies，starting companies with Dad，while still being a ______ and a Mom of five kids.I was exhausted just watching you ______.With your words of wisdom in my ______ mind，I suddenly felt unlimited freedom to dream.MyACDBCwhole world ______.I set out to live my life filled with ______, seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements. Your words became my motto.I ______found myself in the unique position of being either the first (woman doctor in Maryland Rotary) ______one of the few women (chief medical
DAACreporters) in my field.I gained strength every time I said，“Yes, I’ll try that.”
Encouraged by your ______，I have forged ahead (毅然前行) with my life’s journey，less afraid to make mistakes，and ______ meeting each challenge.You did it，and now I’m ______ it.Sorry，got to run.So much to do，so many dreams to live.BDA16．A.found　　　　　B．played　　　　　C．kept　　　　　 D．provided
17．A.saving B．making
C．donating D．receiving
18．A.business B．fashion
C．law D．medical
19．A.what B．that C．which D．where
20．A.at B．to C．upon D．under21．A.amused B．worried
C．puzzled D．disappointed
22．A.roles B．tests
C．positions D．shows
23．A.must B．ought to
C．need D．could
24．A.ringing B．blowing
C．falling D．beating25．A.choices B．chances
C．challenges D．changes
26．A.professor B．doctor
C．reporter D．model
27．A.in danger B．in action
C．in trouble D．in charge
28．A.weak B．powerful
C．youthful D．empty29．A.came back B．closed down
C．went by D．opened up
30．A.hope B．hardship
C．harmony D．sadness
31．A.constantly B．shortly
C．hardly D．nearly
32．A.and B．but C．or D．for33．A.description B．statement
C．praise D．introduction
34．A.secretly B．curiously
C．carelessly D．eagerly
35．A.doing B．considering
C．correcting D．reading破题思路
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”小的时候，妈妈在生活中给“我”树立了很好的榜样，她勇敢地迎接生活中的每一个挑战，她给了“我”无穷的力量，让“我”也勇敢地面对生活中的挑战，不断地取得了一个又一个成绩。
疑难剖析
Encouraged by your statement，I have forged ahead (毅然前行) with my life’s journey，less afraid to make mistakes，and eagerly meeting each challenge.(Paragraph 5 )
主句是“I have forged ahead (毅然前行) with my life’s journey”；过去分词短语“Encouraged by your statement”作原因状语；“less afraid to make mistakes，and eagerly meeting each challenge”作伴随状语。
句意：受到你的话语的鼓舞，我毅然行进在人生的旅途上，不再害怕犯错，渴望接受更多的挑战。名师支招
完形填空主要考查考生对上下文线索的把握和对文章整体理解的能力。因此在答题的过程中一定要注意前后文相关联词的联系，考生可以通过寻找上下文相关联的词的方法来准确答题。
比如第18题的答案就隐藏在下文中的“When you said you were in law school”中；第26题的答案在第一句话中的“as you modeled for fashion photographers”中有暗示。小贴士?　夹叙夹议型完形填空是完形填空中较难的一种。因此考生不但要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵，明确作者叙述的事件是为了说明什么思想。一般有以下特点：
1．先叙述事件，然后针对该事件发表自己对生活的看法或揭示生活真谛。2．作者先提出观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用一个或几个具体的事例从正面或侧面加以说明。
3．提出一种观点或见解，然后用事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步总结和升华到人生哲理。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件17张PPT。专项提能计划——阅读理解(一)人物传记类
(2011·高考山东卷·A)Arthur Miller(1915～2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Miller’s father had moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary，drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”．However，he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.Miller’s most famous play，Death of a Salesman，is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.In Willy Loman，the hero of the play，we see a man who has got into trouble with this system.Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment：if he can’t dothe work，then he is no good to his employer,the Wagner Company，and he must go.Willy is painfully aware of this，and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama Critics’Circle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury，Connecticut，on the evening of February 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.56．Why did Arthur Miller’s father move to the USA?_______
A．He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.
B．He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”．
C．He hoped to make his son a dramatist.
D．His family business failed.B57．The play Death of a Salesman________.
A．exposes the cruelty of the American business world
B．discusses the ways to get promoted in a company
C．talks about the business career of Arthur Miller
D．focuses on the skills in doing businessA58．What can we learn about Willy Loman?
_______
A．He treats his employer badly.
B．He runs the Wagner Company.
C．He is a victim of the American system.
D．He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.C59．After it was first staged，Death of a Salesman________.
A．achieved huge success
B．won the first Tony Award
C．was warmly welcomed by salesmen
D．was severely attacked by dramatistsA60．What is the text mainly about?_______
A．Arthur Miller and his family.
B．The awards Arthur Miller won.
C．The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.
D．Arthur Miller and his best-known play.D破题思路
本文向我们介绍了20世纪伟大的剧作家Arthur Miller以及他的代表作Death of a Salesman。
疑难剖析
When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama Critics’Circle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.(Paragraph 3)
整体上看,该句是一个由and连接的并列复合句,第一个分句中使用了when引导的时间状语从句,第二个分句是一个简单句,其宾语较为复杂。
句意：当现代家庭和办公室内打印机的使用意味着将几乎没有什么东西是手写的时候，人们就忽视了对钢笔的使用。名师支招
本文属于人物传记类文章，该类命题的题量也较大。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙或插叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节复杂化。如第58题，第二段第一句话告诉我们，《推销员之死》是对美国制度的有力的抨击，后面又告诉我们在这金钱至上的制度里，主人公因迷茫、失败最终“kills himself”，暴露了美国商业世界的残酷(exposes the cruelty of the American business world)，由此可知他是美国制度的受害者。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件15张PPT。专项提能计划——阅读理解(三)科普类
(2011·高考陕西卷·D)Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s，genetically modified (GM，转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world，mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would，is it the best solution?Despite what it promises，GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop.In fact，studies show that the most widely grown GM crop，GM soybeans，has suffered reduced productivity.For instance，a report that analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.Something else，however，has been on the rise.While GM seeds are expensive，GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂)．On the contrary，US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops.“The promise was that you could use less chemicals andboost production.But neither is true，” said Bill Christison，President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.
At the same time，the authors of the book World Hunger：Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is notcaused by production，but by problems in food distribution and politics.These indeed deserve our efforts and money.Meanwhile，the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food，according to a 2008 World Bank report.As a matter of fact，scientists see better ways to feed the world.Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger，because better ways out are available，among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.57．The author develops the second paragraph mainly________.
A．by classification　 B．by comparison　　C．by example　　 D．by process
58．What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean?____
A．Control. B．Evaluate.
C．Obtain. D．Increase.CD59．GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from________.
A．practising “green” farming
B．use of less chemicals
C．fair distribution of their crops
D．using more crops for fuelB60．Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?________
A．Optimistic. B．Defensive.
C．Disapproving. D．Casual.C破题思路
本文对转基因食品展开了论述。转基因食品曾经被认为能够解决世界粮食危机，但现在看来，转基因食品非但没有解决预期的问题,却带来了诸多的问题，引发了更多的争议，那么解决世界粮食问题的出路在哪里呢？
疑难剖析
Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger，because better ways out are available，among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.(Paragraph 5)该句为复合句，结构较为复杂。首先主句中使用了that引导的宾语从句，从句是一个because引导的原因状语从句，在原因状语从句中又使用了“介词among＋which”引导的定语从句。
句意：另一个世界银行的报告得出结论认为转基因作物对于解决世界范围的贫穷和饥饿没有多大的帮助，因为还有更好的方法，其中绿色农业被认为是第一选择。名师支招
了解文章结构、熟悉文章体裁、整合相关信息是提高考生阅读题目准确性的关键。
这篇文章属科普类文章,介绍了转基因农业的相关情况。文章第二段第一句就表达了作者的基调——转基因农业没有增加农业产量。最后一段第一句说科学家找到了更好的方法来给人类提供食物。可见作者对转基因持不认可的态度,这样60题的答案就显而易见了。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件15张PPT。专项提能计划——阅读理解(二)说明文
(2010·高考课标全国卷·B)EDGEWOOD—Every morning at Dixie Heights High School,customers pour into a special experiment：the district’s first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs.Well before classes start，students and teachers order Lattes，Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates.Then，during the first period，teachers call in orders on their room phones，and students make deliveries.
By closing time at 9∶20 a．m.，the shop usually sells 90 drinks.“Whoever made the chi tea，Ms.Schatzman says it was good，”Christy McKinley，a second year student，announced recently，after hanging up with the teacher.
The shop is called the Dixie PIT，which stands for Power in Transition.Although some of the students are not disabled，many are，and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs.They keep a timecard and receive paychecks，which they keep in check registers.
Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.Not that it was easy.Chevalier’s first problem to overcome was product-related.Should schools be selling coffee？What about sugar content?
Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped.She made sure all the drinks，which use non-fat milk，fell within nutrition (营养) guidelines.
The whole school has joined in to help.Teachers agreed to give up their lounge (休息室) in the mornings.Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall.Business students designed the paychecks.The basketball team helped pay for cups.59．What is the text mainly about?______
A．A best-selling coffee.
B．A special educational program.
C．Government support for schools.
D．A new type of teacher-student relationship.B60．The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to________.
A．raise money for school affairs
B．do some research on nutrition
C．develop students’ practical skills
D．supply teachers with drinksC61．We know from the text that Ginger Gray________.
A．manages the Dixie PIT program in Kenton County
B．sees that the drinks meet health standards
C．teaches at Dixie Heights High School
D．owns the school’s coffee shopB破题思路
本文主要介绍了Dixie Heights High School实施的一项帮助学生的特殊教育项目。
疑难剖析
She made sure all the drinks，which use non-fat milk，fell within nutrition (营养) guidelines.(Paragraph 9)
该句是一个主从复合句。which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词all the drinks。
句意：她得保证使用无脂奶加工的饮料都要进行营养指导。名师支招
说明文，特别是国外新科技、新发明或者是一些有关活动介绍的说明文是近几年高考命题的一大热点。该文体涉及的事实细节题较多，事实细节题要注意抓住题干的关键词，按“词”索骥，也就是前文我们所介绍的“通过定位找题点”的方法来提高解题的效率和准确率。比如：第60题的关键词为“PIT”，我们就可以在文中寻找这三个大写字母，该类型的题目还要注意选项与原文的同义替代现象，比如该题对应的原文第五段中的“helps them prepare for life after high school”和选项C中的“develop students’practical skills”表达的是同一个意思。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放