译林版（2020） 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Food Matters Grammar and usage语法专项复习课件（24张）

(共24张PPT)
Unit1 Food matters
Grammar and usage
To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
目录
动词不定式概述
动词不定式作主语和表语
01
动词不定式概述
to是动词不定式的标志符号，但有时不定式不带to，有时可以省略to。
不定式无人称和数的变化，虽然不能单独作句子的谓语，但是它具备了动词的基本特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，有时态和语态的变化。
不定式有一般式、完成式、进行式等时态形式，以及主动和被动两种语态形式。下表以动词do为例：
时态形式 语态形式
主动式 被动式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing -----
01
04
05
06
03
02
不定式的一般式
不定式的被动式
不定式的进行式
不定式的逻辑主语和不定式的复合结构
不定式的否定式
不定式的完成式
1.不定式的一般式（一般体）
不定式表示的动作可以谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，但是大多数情况下，不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后。
I am very glad to meet you.
He decided to buy a new car.
2.不定式的完成式（完成体）
不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，强调动作的先后顺序。
The fire was thought to have started in an upstairs room.
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.
3.不定式的进行式（进行体）
不定式的进行体所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或进行。
He seems to be worrying about something.
=It seems that he is worrying about something.
Don’t pretend to be working hard.Just do what you should.
注意：不定式和谓语动词的动作发生时间比较
一般式：It seems to rain this afternoon.
一般式往往表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。
例句说明：“今天下午看起来要下雨。”rain 应该在seem之后发生。
进行式：It seems to be rainning outside.
进行式往往表示不定式的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
例句说明：“外面好像正在下雨。”（指在室内听见或观察到外面有下雨的声音或迹象。）
例句说明：“昨天好像下雨了。”（指早晨起床之后发现地面潮湿，有下雨的迹象，才租出如此判断），rain发生在seem之前。
完成式：It seems to have rained last night.
完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
4.不定式的被动式
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，要用其别动形式。
The students want to be sent to work in the countryside.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
He is a man to be trusted.
I’m sorry for you to have been injured in the accident.
与主语是被动关系
与宾语是被动关系
与表语是被动关系
与不定式逻辑主语you是被动关系
5.不定式的否定式
通常情况下，不定式的否定式是在to之前加not或never。
I’ve already told you not to come over.
I promise never to forget her.
6.不定式的逻辑主语和不定式复合结构
不定式都有自己的逻辑主语，它可能是句子的主语、宾语或表语。如果都不是，则用for引出新的逻辑主语，即for sb. to do sth.这类带有逻辑主语的不定式叫“不定式复合结构”。
（1）逻辑主语是句子中的某个成分。
I have several e-mails to send today.
The teacher encourages the boy student to study harder.
to send 的逻辑主语是 I
to study 的逻辑主语是the boy student
(2)由for引出不定式的逻辑主语
It’s common for leaves to fall from the trees in autumn.
This decision is for you to make.
There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome.
He put the newspaper on the desk for you to read.
不定式作主语
不定式作表语
不定式作定语
不定式作目的状语
PPT模板下载：/moban/ 行业PPT模板：/hangye/
节日PPT模板：/jieri/ PPT素材下载：/sucai/
PPT背景图片：/beijing/ PPT图表下载：/tubiao/
优秀PPT下载：/xiazai/ PPT教程： /powerpoint/
Word教程： /word/ Excel教程：/excel/
资料下载：/ziliao/ PPT课件下载：/kejian/
范文下载：/fanwen/ 试卷下载：/shiti/
教案下载：/jiaoan/
字体下载：/ziti/
（3）由 of 引出不定式的逻辑主语
在“It is +adj.+to do sth.”结构中，当形容词是描述逻辑主语的性质、品质、特征的词时，用of引出逻辑主语。这是，逻辑主语与前面的形容词存在主表关系。
It is kind of you to help me.
It was silly of you to trust such a man.
It is selfish of him not to do anything for the orphans.
=You are kind to help me.
=You were silly to trust such a man.
=He is selfish not to do anything for the orphans.
PPT模板下载：/moban/ 行业PPT模板：/hangye/
节日PPT模板：/jieri/ PPT素材下载：/sucai/
PPT背景图片：/beijing/ PPT图表下载：/tubiao/
优秀PPT下载：/xiazai/ PPT教程： /powerpoint/
Word教程： /word/ Excel教程：/excel/
资料下载：/ziliao/ PPT课件下载：/kejian/
范文下载：/fanwen/ 试卷下载：/shiti/
教案下载：/jiaoan/
字体下载：/ziti/
注意：
在“It is +adj.+of sb. to do sth.”结构中，常用的描述品质的形容词有kind,nice,good,polite,impolite,rude,patient,careful,careless,wise,clever,selfish,foolish,silly,stupid,cruel,brave,crazy等。
02
不定式作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语
不定式作主语是往往用it来代替，而将不定式后置（放在句末）。
To learn English is very important.
To cook Chinese food is not easy.
It is difficult to find a true friend.
It took me a long time to finish the work.
=It is very important to learn English.
=It is not easy to cook Chinese.
2.不定式作表语
不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等，从时间概念上说表示将来的动作。
Her only wish is to have a job in an office.
What impression me most is to see her always busy.
基础知识自测
Most natives here prefer frying steaks in a pan to ________(boil) oe steaming them in a pot.
________(tell)you the truth,there is an association betwwen food and mood.
________(lower) her calories,the doctor advised her to stop eating sweets greedily.
The chef has thrown himself into Chinese cuisine_________(enhance) his cooking skills.
It is very important __________(ensure) food security for people’s health.
boiling
To tell
To lower
to enhace
to ensure
The purpose of the doctor’s comfort to the patient was_______(relieve) his stress and anxiety.
She is crying out for your comfort so as _________(get) rid of her negative emotions.
A combination of talent and hardwork is certain ________(enhace)
her confidence.
Her mood seems ___________(open) a buffet restaurant near the bay with beautiful scenery next month.
The Grand Canyon nerver fails ___________(impress) the visitors.
to relieve
to get
to enhance
to open
to impress
Answers to questions of Exercises B1 and B2 on P7.
B1
The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken.
To prepare home-cooked meal is easy and enjoyable./It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meal.
Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.
We will put some potaotes into the pot first (in order) to cook them quickly.
I consider the Soup of the Day to the best option on the menu.
Answers to questions of Exercises B1 and B2 on P7.
B2
Located
to see
to turn
to sit
painted
ranging
to invite
to be
THANK YOU