牛津版（深圳 广州）英语九下 Unit 5 Sport 第3课时（Grammar语法）导学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 牛津版（深圳 广州）英语九下 Unit 5 Sport 第3课时（Grammar语法）导学案（无答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-05-31 11:18:04 | ||
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第3课时 Grammar语法
课堂语法精讲
(一)动词的时态
目前我们使用的新教材中，同学们需要掌握六大时态，即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。
1.一般现在时
(1)概念：一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现在的情况或状态以及永恒的真理。
(2)句式结构：
is/are+表语 there be句型 实义动词作谓语
(3)常用的副词和时间状语有：always，usually，often，every day。
My mother often does housework.我妈妈经常做家务。
2.一般过去时
(1)概念：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
(2)句式结构：
was/were+表语 there was/were 实义动词作谓语
(3)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，two days ago，just now等。
He visited the Great Wall yesterday.昨天他游览了长城。
3.现在进行时
(1)概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
(2)句式结构：主语+am/is/are+现在分词
(3)常用的时态标志词有：now，at the moment，look，listen等。
He is washing his car in the garden now.他现在正在花园里洗车。
4.过去进行时
(1)概念：表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
(2)句式结构：主语+was/were+现在分词
(3)常用的时间状语有：at nine o'clock last night，at the time，at the moment，this time yesterday，from 8:00 to 9:00 last night以及when，while引导的时间状语从句等。
I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning.昨天上午九点我在给花儿浇水。
5.一般将来时
(1)概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
(2)句式结构：
will/shall动词原形 be going to+动词原形 现在进行时表将来
(3)常用的时间状语有：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，in two hours，soon，in the future等。
They will arrive here tomorrow.他们明天将会到达这里。
6.现在完成时
(1)概念：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。还表示动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
(2)句式结构：主语+have/has+过去分词
(3)常用的标志词和时间状语有：already，yet，ever，“for+时间段”或“since+表过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子”。
He has studied English for ten years.他学英语已经十年了。
(二)被动语态
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态的句子中主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态的句子中主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，才能构成被动语态。
1.各种时态被动语态的构成：
时态 被动语态构成 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天被打扫。
一般过去时 was/were+done The dumplings were made yesterday.饺子是昨天包的。
现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done The room is being cleaned now.现在房间正在被打扫。
过去进行时 was/were+being+done The car was being repaired then.那时这辆小汽车正在被修理。
现在完成时 have/has+been+done My key hasn't been found yet.我的钥匙还没有找到。
过去完成时 had+been+done The two roads had been built by the end of last month.到上个月末为止，两条公路被建成了。
一般将来时 shall/will+be+done A new hospital will be built next year. 明年一个新的医院将被建成。
过去将来时 should/would+be+done Mike said a new film would be shown.迈克说一部新电影将上映。
含有情态动词 情态动词+be+done The work must be finished on time. 必须按时完成这项工作。
2.被动语态的用法：
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.昨晚一些新电脑被偷了。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
The homework must be handed in on time.作业必须按时交上来。
(3)说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。
常用句型：
It is said that …据说…… It is reported that ...据报道……
It is hoped that…希望…… It is believed that …人们相信……
3.主动语态转化为被动语态的方法：
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语动词变为被动结构(be+过去分词)，注意：虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化，但动词的时态保持不变。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，若主语是人称代词，则把主格变为宾语(by短语可以省略)。
课堂精练
Ⅰ.根据汉语意思，完成句子
1.我现在不得不离开，我的朋友们正在外面等我。
I have to be off now. My friends ____________ ____________ outside.
2.——你去过游乐园吗
——去过。我去年去了欢乐时光游乐园。
— ____________ you ever ____________ ____________ an amusement park
—Yes, I have. I ____________ ____________ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.
3.明天史密斯先生就要启程去北京了。
Mr Smith ____________ ____________ for Beijing tomorrow.
4.会议因昨天的大雨而被推迟了。
The meeting ____________ ____________ ____________ because of the heavy rain yesterday.
5.自2003年以来，有多少位中国航天员被送入了太空？
How many Chinese astronauts ____________ ____________ ____________ into space since 2003
6.这首歌被播放的时候，我想起了我的学生时代。
The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it ____________ ____________.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. I can't go out until my homework ____________ (finish).
2. The sports meeting ____________ (hold) next month.
3. So far, Tim ____________ (study) English for ten years.
4. Turn off the water while you ____________ (brush) your teeth.
5. The mobile phone has influenced people's life a lot since it ____________ (invent).
6. I ____________ (do) my homework at 8 o'clock last night.
Ⅲ.阅读填空
请阅读全文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
A. Go for a journey.B. Wish you a wonderful time.C. Have fun with your parents.D. Regular exercise, much health.E. Don't sit in front of a computer alone.F. You can't depend on your family any longer.
A long-expected vacation is coming. It is time for you to take your mind off homework and prepare yourself for your future life. Here is some advice on how to make your vacation meaningful and colourful.
Take exercise. 1.____________ You have worked hard most of the time so far. Therefore, you need to take part in outdoor activities, which can exercise your whole body.
Learn some helpful life skills. One day, you will live alone. 2.____________ In order to deal with your personal matters in your own life, you should learn cooking, washing and other practical skills.
3.____________ Travel to places of interest. You can find the culture there different from that of your hometown. Beautiful scenery can also make you relaxed.
Imagine that you are lying on the warm beach in bright sunshine, with the light sea wind gently blowing. Isn't it enjoyable and comfortable
Enjoy family time. Home is the best place in which you can have a rest and receive love from family members. 4.____________ Instead, the whole family should spend some time watching a movie on the sofa together. Besides, it's great fun for family members to gather around the table, discussing sports, clothes or other common topics.
If you follow the advice above, your vacation must be full of joy and success. 5.____________
课后巩固 请完成《作业本》相关练习
课堂语法精讲
(一)动词的时态
目前我们使用的新教材中，同学们需要掌握六大时态，即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。
1.一般现在时
(1)概念：一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现在的情况或状态以及永恒的真理。
(2)句式结构：
is/are+表语 there be句型 实义动词作谓语
(3)常用的副词和时间状语有：always，usually，often，every day。
My mother often does housework.我妈妈经常做家务。
2.一般过去时
(1)概念：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
(2)句式结构：
was/were+表语 there was/were 实义动词作谓语
(3)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，two days ago，just now等。
He visited the Great Wall yesterday.昨天他游览了长城。
3.现在进行时
(1)概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
(2)句式结构：主语+am/is/are+现在分词
(3)常用的时态标志词有：now，at the moment，look，listen等。
He is washing his car in the garden now.他现在正在花园里洗车。
4.过去进行时
(1)概念：表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
(2)句式结构：主语+was/were+现在分词
(3)常用的时间状语有：at nine o'clock last night，at the time，at the moment，this time yesterday，from 8:00 to 9:00 last night以及when，while引导的时间状语从句等。
I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning.昨天上午九点我在给花儿浇水。
5.一般将来时
(1)概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
(2)句式结构：
will/shall动词原形 be going to+动词原形 现在进行时表将来
(3)常用的时间状语有：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，in two hours，soon，in the future等。
They will arrive here tomorrow.他们明天将会到达这里。
6.现在完成时
(1)概念：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。还表示动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
(2)句式结构：主语+have/has+过去分词
(3)常用的标志词和时间状语有：already，yet，ever，“for+时间段”或“since+表过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子”。
He has studied English for ten years.他学英语已经十年了。
(二)被动语态
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态的句子中主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态的句子中主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，才能构成被动语态。
1.各种时态被动语态的构成：
时态 被动语态构成 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天被打扫。
一般过去时 was/were+done The dumplings were made yesterday.饺子是昨天包的。
现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done The room is being cleaned now.现在房间正在被打扫。
过去进行时 was/were+being+done The car was being repaired then.那时这辆小汽车正在被修理。
现在完成时 have/has+been+done My key hasn't been found yet.我的钥匙还没有找到。
过去完成时 had+been+done The two roads had been built by the end of last month.到上个月末为止，两条公路被建成了。
一般将来时 shall/will+be+done A new hospital will be built next year. 明年一个新的医院将被建成。
过去将来时 should/would+be+done Mike said a new film would be shown.迈克说一部新电影将上映。
含有情态动词 情态动词+be+done The work must be finished on time. 必须按时完成这项工作。
2.被动语态的用法：
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.昨晚一些新电脑被偷了。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
The homework must be handed in on time.作业必须按时交上来。
(3)说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。
常用句型：
It is said that …据说…… It is reported that ...据报道……
It is hoped that…希望…… It is believed that …人们相信……
3.主动语态转化为被动语态的方法：
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语动词变为被动结构(be+过去分词)，注意：虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化，但动词的时态保持不变。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，若主语是人称代词，则把主格变为宾语(by短语可以省略)。
课堂精练
Ⅰ.根据汉语意思，完成句子
1.我现在不得不离开，我的朋友们正在外面等我。
I have to be off now. My friends ____________ ____________ outside.
2.——你去过游乐园吗
——去过。我去年去了欢乐时光游乐园。
— ____________ you ever ____________ ____________ an amusement park
—Yes, I have. I ____________ ____________ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.
3.明天史密斯先生就要启程去北京了。
Mr Smith ____________ ____________ for Beijing tomorrow.
4.会议因昨天的大雨而被推迟了。
The meeting ____________ ____________ ____________ because of the heavy rain yesterday.
5.自2003年以来，有多少位中国航天员被送入了太空？
How many Chinese astronauts ____________ ____________ ____________ into space since 2003
6.这首歌被播放的时候，我想起了我的学生时代。
The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it ____________ ____________.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. I can't go out until my homework ____________ (finish).
2. The sports meeting ____________ (hold) next month.
3. So far, Tim ____________ (study) English for ten years.
4. Turn off the water while you ____________ (brush) your teeth.
5. The mobile phone has influenced people's life a lot since it ____________ (invent).
6. I ____________ (do) my homework at 8 o'clock last night.
Ⅲ.阅读填空
请阅读全文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
A. Go for a journey.B. Wish you a wonderful time.C. Have fun with your parents.D. Regular exercise, much health.E. Don't sit in front of a computer alone.F. You can't depend on your family any longer.
A long-expected vacation is coming. It is time for you to take your mind off homework and prepare yourself for your future life. Here is some advice on how to make your vacation meaningful and colourful.
Take exercise. 1.____________ You have worked hard most of the time so far. Therefore, you need to take part in outdoor activities, which can exercise your whole body.
Learn some helpful life skills. One day, you will live alone. 2.____________ In order to deal with your personal matters in your own life, you should learn cooking, washing and other practical skills.
3.____________ Travel to places of interest. You can find the culture there different from that of your hometown. Beautiful scenery can also make you relaxed.
Imagine that you are lying on the warm beach in bright sunshine, with the light sea wind gently blowing. Isn't it enjoyable and comfortable
Enjoy family time. Home is the best place in which you can have a rest and receive love from family members. 4.____________ Instead, the whole family should spend some time watching a movie on the sofa together. Besides, it's great fun for family members to gather around the table, discussing sports, clothes or other common topics.
If you follow the advice above, your vacation must be full of joy and success. 5.____________
课后巩固 请完成《作业本》相关练习