(共21张PPT)
Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected. Section A grammar 4a-4b
1. To practice the usage of past perfect tense
2. To review the key structures we have learned
Learning Objectives
Matt: Why were you late for class today, Kevin
Kevin: My alarm clock didn’t ______! I kept sleeping, and when I woke up it was already 8:00 a.m.!
Matt: Oh, no!
Kevin: So I just quickly ______ some clothes
and ____________ the door.
Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks.
go off
put on
rushed out of
Matt: You didn’t eat breakfast
Kevin: No, I didn’t even brush my teeth or wash my face! But before I ________ the bus stop, the bus ____ already _____.
Matt: Then how did you get here
Kevin: Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the
street and _______________ in his car.
Matt:Well, at least _________ you got to school,
you were only five minutes late for class.
got to
had
left
gave me a lift
by the time
过去完成时
What happened before Kevin got to the bus stop
过去完成时的含义
过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或某个动作之前发生的动作，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，它是一种相对于一般过去时的时态，没有一般过去时就没有过去完成时。
When I go to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
由 “助动词 ______ +动词的过去分词” 构成。
否定式为 “had not+动词的过去分词”
had not 缩写为 _______。
[结构]
had
hadn’t
[用法 1]
表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前发生或完成了的动作并且对过去造成了影响或产生了结果。如：
By the end of last week, they had finished ten lessons.
到上周末，他们已学完了10节课。
Li Ming _____ ____________ some English words before he came here.
李明在来这儿之前已经学会了一些英文单词。
had learned/learnt
[用法 2]
表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如：
到去年年底，她已经在这家工厂工作20年了。
By the end of last year, she had worked in the factory for twenty years.
I ________ _________ at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当公共汽车最终来的时候，我已经在公共汽车站等了20分钟了。
had waited
[用法 3]
用于宾语从句。如果主句是一般过去时，且转化之前的从句是现在完成时，从句要变为过去完成时。如：
He said, “I have learned English for two years.”
他说，“我学英语两年了。”
→He said he _____ ____________ English for two years.
他说他学英语两年了。
had learned/learnt
常见形式
过去完成时(动作在前)＋before/by the time＋一般过去时(动作在后)。如：
The class ________ ________ before I got to school.
在我到学校之前，就已经开始上课了。
By the time I arrived home, my mother ______ ______.
当我到家的时候，我妈妈已经离开了。
had begun
had left
一般过去时(动作在后)＋after＋过去完成时(动作在前)。如：
After I _____ _______ my homework, I had my lunch.
我做完作业后才吃午饭。
had finished
常见形式
Make sentences using by the time or before.
4a
1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up.
By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into
the bathroom.
2. The coffee became cold. I put cream (n. 奶油) in
the coffee.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Before I put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got
to school.
______________________________________
______________________________________
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday
(n. 工作日) ended.
______________________________________
______________________________________
By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.
5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema. _____________________________________
_____________________________________
6. My mother finished making the apple pie
(n. 果馅派). I got home from my language course. ______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
The movie had started, before I arrived at the cinema.
By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
4b
rush out forget arrive at
go into show up find out
1.By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else
____ already__________.
2.When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized
he _____________to add the green beans.
had shown up
had forgotten
3.By the time my mother came back from the market, I ____
already __________of the door to go to my piano lesson.
4.Before she got to the airport, she _____________
about the earthquake.
5.When she ____________the movie theater, she
remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
6.Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he___________
the building.
arrived at
had gone into
had
rushed out
had found out
Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.
4c
1. By the time I left for school in the morning, __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
I had already had breakfast.
I had already had supper.
I had already had my hair cut.
2. By the end of the school day,
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
3. By dinner time, I_________________________________
I_________________________________
I_________________________________
I have got a present from Tom.
I had had these articles read.
I had finished my homework.
had had too many apples.
had eaten plenty of meat.
have had all the housework finished.
1. When I got there, the bus _________ (go).
2. By the time I got to class, the teacher _________
(start) the class.
3. We _____________ (learn) over 1, 000 words by the
end of last term.
4. I ___________ (clean) the room before he arrived here.
had gone
had started
had learnt
had cleaned
Exercise
用所给词的适当形式填空
