2022届高考专题复习：概要写作方法介绍课件（15张）

(共15张PPT)
Deletion as a skill to summary
a long text
a summary
lose weight
delete
60-80 words
350 words
1. Mary is a beautiful girl who always smiles to others.
√
Three examples: summary within a sentence
Summary: Tom enjoys eating fruits
Contain the main idea
Delete skill 2: delete the specific examples ( “ like, such as , for example, for instance, list and so on”)
2. Tom is fond of eating a variety of fruits such as watermelon, peach, grapes and so on.
√
02
How to summarize
Summary: Mary is a girl.
Contain the main idea
Delete skill 1: delete the unnecessary details (qualifiers or attributive clause)
3. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online; you don’t have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.
Summary: Online shopping’s great strengths contribute to the increasing popularity of it
√
Contain the main idea
Delete skill 3: delete the supporting lists of details
Replace some key words
Reorganize words in the sentence
lower prices
direct access to shopping
convenience
strengths
Three examples: summary within sentences
1. 【original 】 Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain and Yellow Mountain were visited by only few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels and restaurants on those mountains and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting then ten years ago.
【summary】
Reason for the change
Delete skill 4:
*use some abstracted words to replace some specific words
Beautiful mountains, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to paid holiday, better wages, accomodation and transportation.
abstract word: accomodation
transportation
2. 【original 】She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Times and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.
【summary】
magazines
“to do sth” can express the intention
Delete skill 5:
*refine the sentence into a whole sentence in deleting overlapped words and adopting proper
linking methods
She brought home a lot of books and magazines to read during the vacation.
3.【original 】In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format.
【summary】
Delete skill 6:
* seize the bone of each sentence to recontruct the original meaning by using linking words and simple alternative words
regular watcher
their various styles and formats
Talk shows have flooded the space of daytime televison, and regular watchers know their various styles and formats
Application: summary within a whole text
1.What is topic of the text
2.What is the writer’s intention
3.What is the writing styles
4.What is the main idea of each paragraph
Para 1
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
Step 1 general but necessary self-questions
Historical review of early garden
the ______________ of gardern
to________________ gardern
history/ development
introduce the history of
A. Argumentative （议论文)）writing
B. Expository （说明文）writing
C. Narrative（记叙文) writing
*Uses of garden *Garden debeloped as an art form
*Historical review of early garden *Other purposes of European garden
Other purposes of European garden
Uses of garden
Garden developed as an art form
Step 2 deleting and reorganizing within passages
The modern garden has a history going back many thousands of years. Early humans were hunters and gatherers, and didn‘t actually stay in one place for a long time. Instead, they travelled from place to place following the food according to the seasons. During the Neolithic Period this slowly began to change; humans started to grow certain plants, which meant they could remain in one place and grow their own food. The first “garden” was a vegetable garden, where early humans grew different types of plants for food.
1.Delete backgrounds and example
Suggested summary: Modern gardens date back to the times when early humans got down to growing their own food.
2.Reorganize the other words into a whole sentence based on the main idea
background
change
the origin of garden
when
date back to
Para1: Historical review of early garden
Early agriculture in Europe not only included edible （可食用的）plants such as wheat or lentils, but also included many decorative plants for other purposes. Plants for medicine were grown, as were herbs and spices for flavoring or preserving food. Certain plants also had religious or spiritual value and were grown not only because they were useful or edible. Growing plants not only for food was the beginning of gardening.
Suggested summary: when people grew plants not only for foods but also for other purposes, gardening began.
1. Find the key words that details refer to
3. Reorganize the key words into a whole sentence by using proper sentence patterns
and relatives: edible plants, other purposes, the beginning of gardening
Para 2: Other purposes of European garden
2. Delete details that support the key word
not only ... but also .../ as well as
Gardens today are beautiful places to go and relax, but have had many purposes over the years. In the past, they were planted to honor the gods, or used in religious ceremonies such as funerals and weddings. They were also a way to show that their owners were rich or powerful. Ancient rulers created huge gardens to display their wealth, in the same way that large palaces were symbols of prosperity. In Roman times the garden became an extension of the house, representing the owner's status in society, rather than a holy place.
2. Reorganize the key words in ways of:
*Affixation : prefix & suffix
*Change forms of words: V. N. adj. adv.
*Change meaning of words: synonym （同义词） & antonym（反义词）
Suggested summary: While ancient gardens were more for religious purposes, or a symbol of wealth, power or social status, a modern garden is more relaxing place.
Para 3: Uses of garden
1. Deleting supporting details
comparison
rich---richeness
powerful---power
richness---wealth
As gardens have developed, design and beauty have become more and more important. Humans have learned to control nature and to design gardens carefully, like creating a work of art or a building. The Gardens of Versailles in France are an excellent example of “garden architecture”; everything is symmetrical （对称的）and even the trees are pruned to fit in with the design.
1. Delete replaceable details
Suggested summary: With time going on, people really value gardens' design and beauty, and gardening develops like “an art form”
Para 4: Garden developed as an art form
4. reorganize the replaced words to a whole sentence
sth. be of great importance / sth. be valued/ attatch much importance to sth.
From 328 words to 75 words,
actually summary begins with a process of deletion
Modern gardens date back to the times when early humans got down to growing their own food. （point 1） when people grew plants not only for foods but also for other purposes, gardening began. （point 2）While ancient gardens were more for religious purposes, or a symbol of wealth, power or social status, a modern garden is more relaxing place. （point 3）With time going on, people really value gardens' design and beauty, and gardening develops like “an art form”. （point 4）
However, the meaning of the text should be unchanged no matter how it is deleted
Implication
Deletion is not the matter of removing the unnecessary information or turn the text into a slim one, acturally it is a matter of adding marks by making efforts to the point
A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of sth, not the details 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
It is a ____, _______ and _______ __________ of the main idea and key points of a longer text.
01
What is a summary
brief,
thorough
objective
restatement
a long text
a summary
lose weight

delete
slim
bones and muscles
fat
328 words
60-80 words
slim
same and complete person
body reshape