译林版（2020） 必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World Extended reading2课件（27张）

(共27张PPT)
The Value of
Science
Detailed information
Para4:
The keyword of this paragraph is
_________________ .
Then can you find the expressions with positive meaning Feynman used to creat the atmosphere of “enjoyment”
intellectual enjoyment
excitement and mystery, more wonderful mystery, inspiring, with pleasure and confidence, more wonderful mysteries, more fantastic
Appreciating
“We turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.”（Para4)
new stone refers to_______________________
“turn over each new stone” refers to the process of ____________________.
difficult problems /questions/ confusion.....
discovery/exploration
It is an analogy.(类比）
Here Feynman compares the intellectual enjoyment of finding unimagined strangeness to the process of discovering what is hidden under a stone — just as underneath stone there could be an unknown treasure.
Feynman uses this analogy to emphasize the curiosity and determination that scientists use to uncover mysteries and answer questions.
Translate Para. 4
　　科学的另一种价值在于它能够给予我们以智力的享受。当我们足够深入地探究某个问题时，我们会感到兴奋和神秘不断地扑面而来。随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究。我们从不担心答案会令人失望，带着愉悦和信心，我们翻开每一块新的石头去发现意想不到的奇妙，它们指向更多精妙的问题与奥秘。有赖于在科学上付出的努力，我们在其引领下构想出形形色色的东西，远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家的想象更加美妙。
Detailed information
Para 5-6
When a scientist doesn't know the answer to a problem, what changes would his mind experience
The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is very important.
never stop the footsteps towards the truth
Translate Para. 6
　　如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。但是我们怀疑的自由，脱胎于早年间科学为对抗权威展开的深刻而强硬的斗争。为了进步，我们切不可忘记这场斗争的重要性；我们必须认识到自己的无知，并且为怀疑留出一席之地。要允许我们提问—— 怀疑——不确定。
Detailed information
Para 7
1.What does Feynman call on the scientists to do
What rhetorical device(修辞）is used in the last paragraph
What effect does it have
.......to declare the value of this freedom, to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.
The parallel structure is applied here with the use of three to-infinitives.
It has a powerful effect to make the audience aware of the significance of the freedom of thought and the value of doubt.
Summary
According to what we have learnt from this unit,
do you think how to be a qualified scientist
qualities:
curious, creative, intelligent, adventurous,
team spirit, knowledgeable, willing to sacrifice,
strong-minded, brave, determined,
devoted to science and love it with great interest...
How to summarize
a paragraph
Summary
Organize main points and minor points
Step 3
Read for structure
Step 2
Read for topic sentence
Step 1
Rewrite and polish up language
Step 4
Read for topic sentence
Para. 3
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.
Para. 1
When I was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously useful; it was good. But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb. This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk. I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science ”
Topic sentence is not necessarily the first or last sentence.
Pay attention to discourse markers such as but, however, so, actually, etc.
Read for topic sentence
SS1
SS2
CS
Read for structure
Para. 3
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.
科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。
当然，如果我们做了好事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。
科学知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量—— 但是该如何运用，它并未自带说明书。
这样的力量其价值显而易见，尽管，这力量会被某人用它所做的事否定。
TS
SS1
CS
SS2
Clarifying the logical relationship can help us identify the key and minor points.
Read for structure
Para. 3
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.
Organize main points and minor points
1. Delete the repeated information
2. Delete detailed information (examples, research process, statistics, quotations, description ...)
Principles
scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things
good things:
to the credit of science and moral choice
bad things:
no instructions on how to apply it
valuable
even though
it may be
negated
main point
main point
minor points
Version 1
The first value of science is that it enables us to make all kinds of things. Some are valuable to the credit of
scientific power and moral choice, but some are bad because there are no instructions on how to apply it. Even though it may be decided by the users, it has values.
Use too many original words.
Use too many simple sentences.
The language is not concise.
Polish up language
do and make things
create—creation
invent—invention
produce—production
make inventions and
innovations
all kinds of
various
a variety of
a diversity of
varieties of
diversities of
all sorts of
Tip 1: using synonyms or their derivatives
to the credit of
owe ... to ...
attribute ... to ...
due to
owing to
on account of
Polish up language
no instructions
lack of instructions
be short of instructions
the absence of instructions
valuable
be of （great） value
have(has)obvious value
count for much
Polish up language
The first value of science is that it enables us to make all kinds of things.
What comes first is the value of creation.
using a noun clause
Tip 2: using different sentence patterns
Polish up language
Some are valuable to the credit of scientific power and moral choice, but some are bad because there are no instructions on how to apply it.
Tip 2: using different sentence patterns
Some inventions are great as a result of scientific power and moral choice, while some are negative for lack of instructions.
using an adverbial clause to clarify the logic
Polish up language
Some are valuable to the credit of scientific power and moral choices, but some are bad because there are no instructions on how to apply it.
Tip 2: using different sentence patterns
using passive voice
using specific sentence structure
Despite the fact that science may be applied unwisely, there is no denying that the creation is obviously of great value.
Polish up language
Some are valuable to the credit of scientific power and moral choices, but some are bad because there are no instructions on how to apply it.
Tip 2: using different sentence patterns
The value of creation is mostly positive,
depending on whether to use it properly.
non-finite verbs are advised to express minor points.
Polish up language
Write a summary
content
language
Topic sentence is not
necessarily the first or
last sentence.
Pay attention to discourse
markers
Clarify the logical relationship
Delete the repeated information
and detailed information
using synonyms or derivatives
using phrases in place of words
using different sentence
patterns (noun clauses,
adverbial clauses, attributive
clauses, passive voice,
non-finite verbs, etc.)
Try writing a summary of the lecture transcript. Do use the following two ideas to help you.
2. 完成第43期报纸。
his personal experience
his ideas on the value of science
Homework