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Unit 11 How was your school trip
Section A (Grammar Focus-3b)导学案
学 年 2021-2022年度第二学期 科目 七年级英语 课题 Unit 11 Section A (Grammar Focus-3b) 授课时间
主 备 人 使用人 七年级师生 课型 语法课 审核签字 学案序号 11-2
学习目标 能够识记理解本节课上遇到的新单词，短语，和句型。 一般过去时态的用法，包括谓语动词分别为be动词和实义动词的一般过去时的陈述句、一般疑问句及其回答。 能归纳动词过去式的变化规律并写出部分规则动词和不规则动词的过去式。 能正确运用一般过去式描述过去的状态或过去发生的事情。
重 点 初掌握一般过去时的句型构成并正确使用。 能正确运用一般过去式描述过去的状态或过去发生的事情。
难 点
教师寄语 The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. (千里之行，始于足下。)
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词并熟读。 昨天 adv._______________________花 n. __________________________担心；担忧 v. & n. _______________幸运地；好运地 adv. _____________太阳 adv. _____________________
二、根据汉语意思写出下列句子（用一般过去式）。 —你的学校旅行怎么样？—太棒了！____________________________________________________________________—你去动物园了吗？—不，我没有。我去了一个农场。____________________________________________________________________—你看到牛了吗？—是的，我看到了。我看到了很多。____________________________________________________________________—Carol骑马吗？—不，她没有。但她在给奶牛挤奶。____________________________________________________________________—草莓好吃吗？—是的，他们是。/不，他们不是。____________________________________________________________________
精讲点拨 一般过去时 一般过去时概述 ◆ 表示过去的持续动作或状态。 eg：I lived in the countryside for 10 years. 我在农村住了10年 (持续动作) I was a student. 我以前是个学生。(持续状态) ◆ 表示过去反复发生的动作 eg：I often did sports last year. 去年我经常做运动。(反复发生) I always got up at six. 我以前总是六点钟起床 (反复发生) ◆ 表示过去的单一动作。 eg：I saw you in the library yesterday. 我昨天在图书馆看到了你。(过去的单一动作) I bought this computer three years ago. 我三年前买的这台电脑。(过去的单一动作) 一般过去时的结构 1、be动词的一般过去时 ⑴ be动词的一般过去时，常表示主语的过去的持续状态。be动词的一般过去时有was，were二种形式，由主语的人称和数来决定用哪一种。be动词一般翻译成“……是……”之意，还表示“……在……”。 eg：I was born in 1998. 我出生于1998年。 She was at home yesterday. 她昨天在家。 Mike wasn't at home this morning. 迈克今天早上不在家。 You were at home yesterday. 你昨天在家。 We were singing in the room an hour ago. 一小时前我们还在房间里唱歌。 ⑵ be动词的一般过去时句式结构： ① 肯定句：主语+be(was/were)+其他. eg：Mike was in the United States last year. 迈克去年在美国。 I was very tired last night. 我昨天晚上很累。 You were absent from school two days ago. 两天前你没到校。 ② 否定句：主语+be(was/were)+not+其他. eg：Gary was not in Canada last year. 加里去年不在加拿大。 I wasn't busy the other day. 前几天我不忙。 There weren't any boys in the room. 房间里一个男孩也没有。 They weren't Germans. 他们不是德国人。 Mr.Robert wasn't angry with his son's fault. 罗伯特先生没有为他儿子的失误生气。 补充：否定式的was not大多使用缩写形式wasn't，读作/ w znt/。 否定式的were not大多使用缩写形式weren't，读作/w nt/ ③ 一般疑问句：Be(was/were)+主语+其他. 肯定回答：Yes,主语+be(was/were). 否定回答：No,主语+be(was/were) not. eg：－Was she a teacher 她以前是个老师吗？ －Yes, she was. 是的，她是。 －Were they doctors 他们以前是医生吗？ －Yes, they were. 是的，他们是。 ④ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be动词的一般疑问句 eg：－Where was Lucy last year 去年露西在哪儿？ －She was in Shanghai. 她在上海。 －Where were you yesterday morning 你昨天上午在哪儿呢？ －I was at school. 我在学校。 2、行为动词的一般过去时 be动词的过去式为was和were，而行为动词的过去式一般是在动词后加-ed，我们把这类动词称为规则动词。在加-ed时，不同的规则动词在形式上还会有不同的变化规律。行为动词一般过去时的基本句型如下： 行为动词动词的一般现在时句式结构： ① 肯定句：主语+行为动词的过去式+其他. 行为动词的一般过去时没有人称和数的变化。主语即使是第三人称单数，谓语动词也和其他人称形式一样。 eg：He had a good time yesterday. 昨天他过得很高兴。 I saw a film last week. 上周我看了一部电影。 We said goodbye to Lucy at five. 5点钟时，我们和露西告别。 Mike rushed into the room. 迈克冲进了房间。 ② 否定句：主语+did not+动词原形+其他. 行为动词一般过去时否定句的结构和一般现在时否定句的结构一样，不论主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数，在主语后面加上did not就可以了。否定式did not常用缩写形式didn't,读作/ d dnt/。 eg：We did not have a good time yesterday. 昨天我们过得不好。 Brant didn't do his homework. 布兰特没做作业。 I didn't work overtime yesterday. 我昨天没有加班。 You didn't do your best to do it. 你没有尽力去做。 ③ 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答：No, 主语+did not. 行为动词一般过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一般疑问句的结构一样，无论主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数，在主语前面加上Did即可。 eg：－Did he go there 他去那儿了吗？ －Yes, he did./No, he didn't. 是的,他去了。/不,他没去。 －Did you telephone your uncle yesterday 你昨天给你叔叔打电话了吗？ －Yes,I did. 是的,我打了。/No,I didn't. 不,我没打。 ④ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+行为动词的一般疑问句 eg：－How many subjects did you study last term 上学期你们学习了几门课？ －We studied seven subjects. 我们学习了7门课。 －When did you get up this morning 今天早晨你几点钟起床的？ －At six. 6点钟。 动词的过去式。(直 去 双 改 特) 变化规则例词一般情况下直接加-edworkworkedjumpjumpedlooklooked以不发音字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d(去e加ed也可以)likelikedliveliveduseused以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母后再加-edstopstoppedplanplannedshopshopped以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词，要先改“y”为“i”，再加-ed，以元音字母加“y”结尾的动词，直接加-edstudystudiedcarrycarriedplayplayed常用不规则动词过去式/过去分词(更多参见教科书不规则动词变化表)【特】
注意：词尾-ed在清辅音后读/t/；在元音和浊辅音后读/d/；在辅音t，d后读/id/。 三、般过去时的标志词 带有确定的过去时间状语 ① yesterday(昨天)：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening (昨天早上/下午/晚上) eg：Yesterday morning he was late for school. 昨天早上他上学迟到了。 I went to school on foot yesterday.（我昨天是步行去的学校。） ② last(上一个)：last month/year/night/Sunday/week 上月/去年/昨晚/上周日/上周 eg：I bought a jacket last week. 我上周买了一件夹克。 ③ …ago(…以前)：five weeks/days/hours/months/years/minutes ago(五周/天/小时/月/年/分钟以前) eg：Liu Hui made friends with me two months ago. 刘辉和我是两个月前交的朋友。 ④ just now (刚才) in the past(从前) the other day(几天前) eg：I saw him just now. 我刚才看见了他。 He left just now. 他刚刚离开。 ⑤ before(在…之前)： before two o clock(两点前) eg：we went to sleep before two o'clock. 我们不到两点就睡着了。 ⑥ 其他过去时间状语 eg：Did you travel to Hong Kong the other day 前几天，你们去香港旅游了吗？ We had a cat when I was eight years old. 我八岁的时候我们养了一只猫。 没有确定的过去时间状语时 eg：I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。 I thought you wanted to have some cakes. 我以为你想要吃一些蛋糕。 But at about two o’clock, it got very cloudy and we worried it would rain. (1) worry在句中作动词，后面可接宾语从句。 eg：Her parents worry (that) she may be late for school. 她的父母担心她可能上学迟到。 (2) worry还可作名词，意为“担心；担忧”。 eg：no worries意为“没什么，不客气，没关系”，常用以回答别人的道谢。 (3) worry还可作不及物动词，意为“担心；忧虑” ，常与about连用。worry about意为“担心(某人或某事)”，相当于be worried about。 eg：Don’t worry about me. I’m old enough. 别担心我，我足够大了。 (4) worried是形容词，意为“担忧的；担心的”。 eg：She felt worried because her son wasn’t at home. 她因为儿子不在家而担心。 Luckily, it didn’t and the sun came out again! luckily作副词，常位于句首修饰整个句子。luckily的形容词为lucky“幸运的”。luck n.运气；lucky adj.幸运的；luckily adv.幸运地；unlucky adj.不幸的；unluckily adv.不幸地 eg：I heard that your grandma lost her way in Dameisha yesterday. 我听说你奶奶昨天在大梅沙迷路了。 Yes. Luckily, a kind stranger managed to lead her back home. 是的。幸运的是，一个好心的陌生人设法带她回家了。
检测小结 一、写出下列动词的过去式。 visit→_______________play→_______________study→_______________worry→_______________ride→_______________feed→_______________go→_______________stop→_______________do→_______________grow→_______________have→_______________take→_______________eat→_______________see→_______________buy→_______________put→_______________
二、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。 —What is your father doing —He is m________ a cow. Her grandparents g________ vegetables in the yard every year. Don't w________ about your lessons. I will help you. Don't read in the s________， because it's bad for your eyes. She likes living in the c________， because the air there is clean. I saw a lot of f________ in the park yesterday. 三、用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子。 Kate________ ill yesterday.(be) They had a great time________ the movie last night.(watch) I________ him on the way home yesterday.(see) She________ an interesting book in the book store last week.(buy) It rained all day, so I________ at home.(stay) They________ a terrible school trip last year.(have) I________ a letter from Tom last week.(get) Jenny________ a lot of books last year.(read) 四、句型转换。 There were some pandas in the zoo. (改为否定句) ________ ________ ________ pandas in the zoo. I asked them some questions.(改为一般疑问句) ________ you ask them________ questions Did she see any chickens there？(改为肯定句) She________ ________ chickens there. She eats some ice cream every day.(用yesterday改写句子) She________ some ice cream yesterday. They talked on the phone last night.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ they________ last night My trip was great last week.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ your trip last week
参考答案
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词并熟读。 yesterdayflowerworryluckilysun
二、根据汉语意思写出下列句子（用一般过去式）。 How was your school trip It was great!Did you go to the zoo No, I didn’t. I went to a farm.Did you see any cows Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot.Did Carol ride a horse No, she didn’t. But she milked a cow.Were the strawberries good Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.
检测小结 一、写出下列动词的过去式。 visitedplayedstudiedworriedrodefedwentstoppeddidgrewhatookatesawboughtput
二、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。 milkinggrowworrysuncountrysideflowers
三、用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子。 waswatchingsawboughtstayedhadgotread
四、句型转换。 There weren't anyDid; anysaw someateWhat did; doHow was
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人教新目标版 七年级下册
Unit 11 How was your school trip
Section A Grammar Focus-3b
Learning objectives
Key words & phrases :
yesterday; flower; worry; luckily; sun .
Key sentences:
1.—How was your school trip — It was great.
2. —Did you go to the zoo —No, I didn't. I wet to a farm.
3. —Were the strawberries good —Yes, they were./No,they weren't.
Learning objectives:
1. 一般过去时态的用法，包括谓语动词分别为be动词和实义动词的一般过去时的陈述句、一般疑问句及其回答。
2. 能归纳动词过去式的变化规律并写出部分规则动词和不规则动词的过去式。
3. 能正确运用一般过去式描述过去的状态或过去发生的事情。
Warm up
Let’s watch a video.
Review
What did Carol do on the farm
—Did she/he _______
—Yes, she/he did./No, she/he didn’t.
milked a cow
fed chickens
rode a horse
milk a cow
feed chickens
ride a horse
Review
What did Carol do on the farm
—Did she/he _______
—Yes, she/he did./No, she/he didn’t.
went for a walk
talked with a farmer
took some photos
go for a walk
talk with a farmer
take some photos
Lead in
Look and say.
picked apples
went fishing
played soccer
What did you do last weekend
watched TV
Free talk
Lead in
—Did you/they/he/she... yesterday/last weekend/...
—Yes, I/they/he/she did. /No, I/they/he/she didn’t. I...
go to the beach
visit your aunt
Look and say.
Free talk
stay at home
went to the beach
visited your aunt
stayed at home
clean the room
cleaned the room
Grammar focus
Grammar Focus
Observe this chart and let’s read the sentences.
How was your school trip It was great!
Did you go to the zoo No, I didn’t. I went to a farm.
Did you see any cows Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot.
Did Carol ride a horse No, she didn’t. But she milked a cow.
Were the strawberries good Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last Sunday等表示过去的时间状语连用。
Last Friday, there was a school concert(音乐会) in Carol’s school. Let’s have a look!
Grammar
There ______ a school concert last Friday. As you can see, there ______ many people and all of them ______ very happy. Unluckily, Amy ______ at the concert, because she ______ sick. Where ______ she She ______ in hospital. ______ there many pianos No, there _______.
was
were
were
wasn’t
was
was
was
Were
weren't
were[w (r)]
was [w z]
am/is
are
There ______ a school concert last Friday. As you can see, there ______ many people and all of them ______ very happy. Unluckily, Amy ______ at the concert, because she ______ sick. Where ______ she She ______ in hospital. ______ there many pianos No, there _______.
was
were
were
wasn’t
was
was
was
Were
weren't
含be动词的一般过去时的句式
Can you find out different sentence patterns(句型)
肯定句：
否定句：
一般疑问句：
及其回答
特殊疑问句：
主语 + was/were + 其他.
主语 + was not( wasn’t)/were not( weren’t) + 其他.
Was/Were + 主语 + 其他
Yes, 主语 + was/were.
No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
特殊疑问词+was/were + 其他
Grammar
Let’s practice.
Look and write was, were, wasn’t or weren’t.
The babies ________ sad yesterday.
They ________ happy.
My dad ________ at work yesterday.
He ________ at the park.
________ it sunny yesterday
No, it ________, It ________ cloudy.
________ there a soccer game yesterday
Yes, there ________.
weren’t
were
wasn’t
was
Was
wasn’t
was
Was
was
Grammar
含do的一般过去时的句式
Carol’s school trip ______ great. Where ______ she go She _______ (not go) to the zoo. She ______ (go) to a farm. On the farm, Carol ______ (milk) a cow and ______ (ride) a horse. ______ she feed chickens No, she ______. She only ______ (see) them.
In the afternoon, she ______ (take) some pictures of flowers. Then, she ______ (go) for a walk with her friends and ______ (talk) with a farmer.
was
did
didn’t go
went
milked
rode
didn’t
saw
took
went
talked
Did
Fill in the blanks with the right form of the verbs.
Grammar
Carol’s school trip ______ great. Where ______ she go She _______ (not go) to the zoo. She ______ (go) to a farm. On the farm, Carol ______ (milk) a cow and ______ (ride) a horse. ______ she feed chickens No, she ______. She only ______ (see) them.
In the afternoon, she ______ (take) some pictures of flowers. Then, she ______ (go) for a walk with her friends and ______ (talk) with a farmer.
was
did
didn’t go
went
milked
rode
didn’t
saw
took
went
talked
Did
Can you find out different sentence patterns(句型)
肯定句：
否定句：
一般疑问句：
及其回答
特殊疑问句：
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.
主语 + did not(didn’t) + 动词原形 + 其他.
Did +主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
Yes, 主语 + did.
No, 主语 + didn’t.
特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 +其他.
Grammar
Fill in the blanks with the right form of the verbs.
1.They _______ (take) lots of photos in the zoo yesterday.
2.She _______ (do) her homework yesterday evening.
3.I _______ (go) to the movies with my parents last night.
4.Mike _______ (have) a great time at the party yesterday.
5._______ you _______ (pick) flowers last weekend
took
did
went
had
Did pick
Grammar
Grammar
Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words.
1. Yesterday was Sunday. My dad ___________ to work.
2. It rained yesterday. We ______________ soccer.
3. Amy was sick yesterday. She ___________ her homework.
4. John had a lot of homework. He ___________ computer games.
5. It was hot yesterday. We ___________ our jackets.
go wear do play practice
didn’t go
didn’t practice
didn’t do
didn’t play
didn’t wear
1.He did his homework as soon as he got home. (改为一般疑问句)
______ he ______ his homework as soon as he got home
2.The weather was bad. (改为否定句)
The weather ______ ______ bad.
3.Jenny goes to the zoo every weekend. (用last weekend改写)
Jenny ______ ______ the zoo last weekend.
Did
do
was not
went
to
按要求改写句子，每空一词。
Grammar
Grammar
动词过去式的构成
Grammar
规则动词过去式的构成
Grammar
不规则动词过去式的构成(更多参见141页)
类别 例词
过去式和原形一样
let → let cut → cut put → put
中间元音变化 i—a begin → began sing → sang swim → swam
ring → rang sit → sat give → gave
drink → drank
i—o drive → drove ride → rode write → wrote
o/a—e grow → grew know → knew
throw → threw draw → drew
Grammar
类别 例词
过去式以ought和aught结尾 buy → bought think → thought
bring → brought catch →caught
teach → taught
结尾的d变为t build →built lend →lent
send →sent spend →spent
含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t keep → kept sleep → slept
sweep → swept feel → felt
Grammar
I came to the US in 1980.
She was a Broadway(百老汇) star in the 1960s.
We went to the zoo last week.
Tom usually drives to work, but yesterday he walked instead.
Last night, I watched a documentary(纪录片) about Italy.
常见的一般过去时时间标志词
3a
Presentation
Complete Jim’s letter on the left and Bill’s reply on the right.
Dear Bill,
How _____ (is) your school trip yesterday ____ (Do) you_____ (go) to the zoo _____ (Do) you take any photos _____ (Do) you _____ (see) any interesting animals I ____(go) to the zoo last year and it
_____ (is) a lot of fun.
Jim
was
Did
go
Did
Did
see
went
was
/ jest (r)de /adv. 昨天
Dear Jim,
My school trip _____ (is) great! We _____ (have) so much fun! We _____ (go) to Green Park. We _______ (climb) the mountains there and _____ (see) a lot of flowers. We _____ (eat) our lunch under some trees and ______ (play) some games after that. But at about two o’clock, it _____ (get) very cloudy and we _______ (worry) it would rain.
Luckily, it ______ (do not), and the sun _____ (come) out again!
Bill
was
had
went
climbed
saw
ate
played
got
worried
didn’t
came
flower / fla (r)/n. 花
/ w ri/v.＆n.担心；担忧 worried是过去式
/ l k li/adv. 幸运地；好运地
/s n/n.太阳
Presentation
Presentation
3b
Make up a story. Each student adds a sentence.
Group work
A funny school trip
Weather sunny and nice
Where the aquarium(水族馆)
Who my teacher and classmates
Activities see some seals and sharks
hang out with my classmates
take photos
buy souvenirs
meet Yao Ming and get his autograph
take the bus back to school
Feeling tired but happy
Homework
1. Do the exercises in students’ book.
2. Preview (Section B (1a-1d)).
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