Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage课件

课件109张PPT。The World’s Cultural HeritageNote—taking timeVocabulary
Phrases
Sentence patterns1. Preserve v.保存，保护preservation n 保存，保留
preserver n 保护者，保存者
preservative adj 保护的保存的
n 防腐剂,保护剂
eg. food free from preservatives保护……免受……/阻止……preserve … from …
s____/p_______/k____/s____/f_____/d______/p______ sb from …topreventeepavereeefendrotect2. agreement n 协议达成协议
c________/a_________/
r_____ an agreementome torrive ateach3. prehistoric adj 史前的预付提前安排邮资已付4. remains n 遗迹，遗体 remain v ， ，
If you take 3 from 8, 5 remains.
How long will you remain here?
The weather remains cold.剩余停留仍然guess the meaningadj 剩余的学生 remaining
left
studentsstudents5. sharpen v 使变锋利This knife needs sharpening/ to be sharpened.
A good article helps to sharpen our sense. 敏锐adj + en—
--en + adj V eg. darken widen broaden
quicken shorten weaken
enlarge enrich enableI’d like to have the photo enlarged.6. list vt 把…列表n 列表，清单make a list of
take one’s name off the list
除名把…列表7. exposure n 暴露，显露Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry.Don’t expose your skin to the
sunlight.expose v 暴露，显露toto8. contribute v 促成，捐献，投稿他为雅安地震灾民捐款
I often contributed essays to the school paper.
He contributes money to the people
who suffered from earthquake in Yaan.tocontribution n
make contributions to 9. recommend v 建议，推荐recommend sb as … 推荐某人做
Roger was recommended as
the secretary of the mayor.recommend sb sth
recommend sth to sb
把某物推荐给某人
eg.老师给我们推荐了一部经典的
小说recommend sb that
It is recommended that (should) doIt is recommended that the
machine be checked every year.10. awareness n 意识；认识raise/increase awareness of 提高…的意识
adj
be aware of意识到，觉察到aware11. propose v 建议 proposal n propose n
doing
to do
that (should) doeg. I propose an early start tomorrow.12. of vital importance of little/ no/ great importance /use/value
be of +n= be + adj13. Request n. v 请求，要求by request 应……的要求
make a request for sth 要求某物
make a request that (should) do
request sb to do
request that (should) do sth同位语从句动词宾语从句The bus will stop anywhere by request.
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.高考真题Don’t respond to any e-mails ___
personal information, no matter how official they look.
A. searching
B. asking
C. requesting
D. questioning14. apart from 除……之外Apart from me , there were ten people at the meeting.
Apart from his schoolwork, he takes interest in anything.BesidesExcepttake sth apart 把…拆开
tell A and B apart 分辨出A 与B
John enjoys taking old clocks apart.
I can hardly tell July and Lily apart.
15. compromise n v 折中，妥协make/reach a compromise
compromise with sb on sth
They compromise with each other
on the solution.16. at the mercy of 任凭…的摆布The ship was at the mercy of the storm.
have mercy on sb
show mercy to sb 对某人仁慈17. undertake v 许诺做某事；着手做；承担undertake n
to do She undertook full responsibility for the new changes.
He undertook to pay the money back in six months. 18. absence n 缺乏，没有Absence of rain caused plants to die.
absence of mind
in the absence of the bossbe absent from 缺席absentadj19. honor v 给予荣誉 n 荣誉，荣幸It’s a great honor to be invited to the party.
fight for the honor of the country
in honor of 为了纪念
be honored for 因… 受到尊敬
The World’s Cultural HeritageP 71Suzhou Gardenscultural heritagebuildingsbeliefsmuseumspaintingspoemstraditionsexamples?languagepeopleCultural heritagetangibleintangibleDifferencedefinitionTangible (touchable) cultural heritage consists of buildings and objects such as painting.
Intangible (untouchable) cultural heritage means traditional songs and poems, people who can perform traditional works, languages and music.Find 5 cultural heritages in ittea housestemple fairhutongcourtyardsPeking Opera茶馆庙会四合院京剧intangibleintangibleintangibletangibletangibleintangibleP 71-4 unique natural beauty:
a conference venue
preserved ancient buildingsIt is beautiful scenery which can’t be found elsewhere.a place where a meeting is heldbuildings built in earliest times which are protected by law 1972198520032004China signed the agreementThe 28th World Heritage Conference
took place in Suzhoua meeting of the World Heritage
Committee agreed on a list of placesSuzhou invested 6 billion yuan to
preserve the old Task readingone of the delegates praised China’s
work on heritage sites, do you know
what he say?P78
How to describe cultural heritage ? writingTake the festival as an example
中国的传统节日渊源流长，至今为海内外炎黄子孙所奉行。春节(
)、元宵节(
)、端午节(
) 中秋节
( ) 等等TheSpring FestivalTheLantern FestivalTheDragon Boat FestivalThe Mid-autumn Festival我们描述节日时时常常从以下几方面入手：
The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month…
Every lunar calendar date of 15th August is the China traditional day－Mid-autumn Festival.节日的名称和日期节日的起源 The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festivity（庆祝）for both the Han and minority nationalities. The custom of worshiping（尊崇） the moon can be traced back（追溯） as far as the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties.节日习俗(包括食物、人的活动等) Chinese people usually put up stick Spring Festival couplets (春联) on front gates of their houses… setting off firecrackers… take some money from your parents… have the year supper
At this time, people will try to solve the puzzles on the lanterns and eat yuanxiao节日的意义The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year is the most important holiday in China. To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to people in the West.
Autumn is a harvest season and Mid-autumn is a reunion（团聚） day. Before reading , do some exercises about words
P73 activity 3
P74 activity 6P72 reading (part 1) activity 1Some prehistoric human bonesAlmost 200 itemsFour sitesFewer than 5%Japan invaded ChinaIn December 1987123456P72 reading (part 2) activity 21234Rain and exposure to the airNearby cement factoriesThe site should be closed and repairedThe government and the general publicIntensive readingtheyLanguage points Eventually, archaeologists found almost 200 items, including six skulls and more than 150 teeth. (lines 2-3, Para2，part1) 后来，考古学家逐渐发现了约两百件遗物，
包括六个头盖骨和150多颗牙齿。eventually adv 终于，最后There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _______ gave up.
A. eventually B. unfortunately C. generally D. purposefully These discoveries proved the existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago. (lines 3-5, Para2，part1)这些发现证明：在大约二十到七十万年
前就有人类生活在该地区。It has also been proved that people lived there continuously between 500,000 and 10,000 years ago. (lines8-10,para.1, part 2) 它还证明了一万到五十万年前，那里一
直有人类生存prove证明，证实；证明是，表明是 prove+名词、不定式、that从句 He has proved his courage in the battle. Perhaps this book will prove to be of some
use to you in your studies.I shall prove to you that I can learn English
better. existence n. 存在，生存 Do you believe in the existence of ghosts? According to some philosopher,
everything in existence is reasonable.come into existence / being 存在，产生Nobody knows how this world came into
existence. Four sites where Beijing Man and his relations lived were discovered on the northern face of Dragon Bone Hill (Longgushan) (lines1-3, para.3, part1) 人们在龙骨山的北坡发现了北京人及其
近亲居住过的四处遗址。face n斜坡；山坡；表面;脸the north face of the mountain山北坡 a cliff face悬崖峭壁face v 面对，面向 He faced the difficulty with courage.他勇敢地面对困难 ___ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A. To face B. Having faced
C. Faced D. Facing Even so, they were quite sophisticated. (lines4-5, para.4, part1)即便如此There are many spelling mistakes; even so
it’s quite a good essay.高考真题Your uncle seems to be a good driver； _____ I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car.
A. even so B. even though
C. therefore D. so Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds, causing serious damage. (lines3-5, para 2. part2) causing serious damage
现在分词作 状语结果 He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces.高考真题Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of the year, _____a record US867.65 a barrel on April.
A. have reached B. reaching
C. to reach D. to be reaching 高考真题 European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make This is a very serious matter and the Chinese Academy of Science is trying to raise public awareness about it. (lines1-3, para 5, part2)形势相当严峻，中国科学院正在努力
唤醒国民的（保护）意识。raise/increase public awarenessThey are a precious part of our cultural heritage —it is of vital importance that we do something. (lines5-7, the last para Part2) 它们是我们文化遗产中极其宝贵的部分—
因此我们采取行动就显得尤其重要。Grammar--subjunctive英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中
祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告
虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况
examplesHe is honest. 他很诚实 （陈述语气）
Don’t be late next time. 下次别迟到
（祈使语气）
If I were you ，I would not go. 我要是你，我就不会去 （虚拟语气）
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。
真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气
虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。 If 引导的虚拟条件句结构如果我走的早点，就不会被雨淋到If I had left a little earlier, I would not have
caught the rain 如果我是你，我就会更加努力地学习If I were you, I should study harder. 如果明天下雨，会议将被取消If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting
would be put off 倒装If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，把were, had, should置于句首 If I were in school again, I would work harder. Were I in school again If you had asked me , I would have told you. Had you asked me If you should accidentally drop that bottle,
it's far less likely to break.should you accidentally drop that bottle错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整 如果昨晚下过雨，现在地面就会是湿的 If it had rained last night, the ground
would be wet now. 假若你当时采纳我的建议，你现在就会
好多了 You would be much better now if you had
taken my advice. 含蓄型虚拟语气 If it weren’t for…
If it hadn’t been for…
but for 要不是
without如果没有
Otherwise/or （or else）否则
but如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。 If it hadn’t been forBut forWithoutyour assistance ，we
wouldn’t have succeeded.If I hadn't lost your address ,I would have visited you long before. I lost your address. Otherwise,I would have visited you long before.他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了
他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了 He would have given you more help, but he
was too busy.He would lose weight, but he eats too much.虚拟语气用于宾语从句中某些表示“建议、命令或要求”等的动词后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气。其形式为：主语+要求跟虚拟语气的动词+ (that) + (should)+ 动词原形。建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend
命令order, command
请求ask, demand, require, request
指示direct
督促urge
希望desire
坚持insist
打算intend 安排arrange当insist表示“坚持说，坚决认为”，suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，后面宾语从句的谓语动词不用虚拟语气。The doctor insisted that he was ill .
The doctor insisted he should be operated on.His cool response suggested that he didn’t like
the idea.在wish/if only后面的宾语从句中表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+had+ 动词过去分词
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语+动词过去时
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语+ would+ 动词原形我多么希望昨天晚上没对他说那些话！How I wish I hadn’t said that to him last night!我希望知道这个问题的答案。I wish I knew the answer to the question.但愿雨能停住。I wish it would stop raining. 在表示对过去情况的虚拟时，从句的谓语动词有时也可用would should could might +have +过去分词。
I wish I could have seen her at the party
last night.If only I had listened to my parents! If only she would go with me! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了她要是愿意和我一道去就好了在would rather would prefer等后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气：表示现在或将来的情况用过去时；表示过去的情况用had +过去分词。我但愿现在是冬天。I would prefer it were winter now. 我希望你以前做过这项工作。I would rather you had done the work before.虚拟语气用在主语从句中It is + 形容词 过去分词 名词+ that从句中谓语动词用 (should) +动词原形
① 常用的形容词：advisable适当的，合理的；anxious焦虑的；appropriate适当的；better较好的；desirable理想的；essential紧要的；insistent坚持的；important重要的；necessary 必要的；natural 自然的；right正确的；strange 奇怪的；surprising惊奇的；regretful遗憾的；urgent紧迫的等。有必要天天打扫房间It is necessary that we (should) clean the
room every day. It is natural that such a hardworking student
(should) pass the exam.这么用功的学生考试通过是很自然的事。 常用的过去分词：decided 决定；demanded要求；desired期望，要求得到；ordered命令；proposed提议； requested要求；suggested建议；required 要求；recommended建议， 推荐；wanted希望等常用的名词：duty 职责；pity遗憾；shame羞耻，不象话；regret遗憾，后悔；no wonder不足为奇；no surprise不奇怪虚拟语气用在表语从句中as if as though引导的表语从句
当as if 引导表语从句时，从句的谓语动词可用陈述也可用虚拟语气，虚拟的格式如下
主语+ had+ 过去分词
主句+ as if + 主语+ 动词的过去时(were was)
主语+ could would + 动词原形
比较 It looked as if she were made of ice. It looks as if the river isn’t clean enough
to bathe here.
她看起来似乎是冰做的。
看起来河水好像不干净，不能游泳某些名词如advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, order, plan, proposal, requirement, request, suggestion等作主语时，后面表语从句的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形His proposal is that we (should) get rid of
the bad habits. 虚拟语气用在同位语从句中某些名词如advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, order, plan, proposal, requirement, request, suggestion等后面的同位语从句的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形He made the suggestion that we (should) go by train. It is (high) time (that) should do

过去式
我们该回家了 It is time that we went home. so much about this part状语从句
1.地点状语从句. ? 1)此类状语从句通常有从属连词where, wherever 引导. 从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后.如:
I found the books where I left them.
Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.
2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件的意味.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Wherever there is a smoke, there is fire.
2.条件状语从句 引导此类从句的从属连词有: if , unless, so(as) long as,(只要) in case, on condition that, supposing that/suppose that (假设)
provided that/ providing that (倘若)
一般情况下,当主句时将来时的时候, 从句要用一般现在时. 如:
Do not come unless I call you .
注意: 引导的从句中的谓语动词只能是肯定式,
unless且不能引导虚拟语气条件句.
I will lend it to you as/so long as handle it with care.
In case there is a fire, what will you do first?
You can go swimming on condition that
you don’t go too far from the river bank.
I’ll go swimming providing/provided my wages are paid.
Suppose/Supposing that we can’t get enough food, what shall we do ?
??3.?? 让步状语从句
引导此类从句的从属连词有: although, though, even if, even though, while, as, whether---or---, no matter+疑问词和疑问词+ever
1)???? although 和 though 尽管,虽然
He is unhappy though /although he has a lot of money.
Although/Though it was raining hard,
yet they went on playing football.
He said he would come; he didn’t , though.
Clever though you may be, you cannot do that.
though 引导的从句不仅可以用于自然语序,也可用于倒装语序. 还可用作副词,意为“可是，然而”， 置于句末。
2)even if 和even though 即使，纵然 两者都有退一步设想的意思，可通用。
从句中即可用陈述语气，也可用于虚拟语气。如：
Even though /if it is raining , we’ll go there.
We won’t be discouraged even if /though we fail ten times.
Even if I were busy, I would go. 4.as尽管， 虽然 as 引导的让步状语从句用于书面语, 比though, although
引导的从句更有表现力,语气更强.as引导的从句一般放在主语之前, 且必须使用倒装语序, 即将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首. 若表语是名词,前置时要省略冠词.如:
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Smart as she is , she studies hard.
Much as like it, I won’t buy it, for it’s too expensive.
Try as he might , he could not find a job. 5.while 虽然 while引导的让步状语从句常位于句首, 相当于although, though While we don’t agree on the matter, we continue to be friends.
While the Internet is bridging the distance between people, it may
also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.
??6.? whether---or---不管—还是--- , 疑问词+ever=no matter +疑问词不管--- , 无论---
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. Whatever (No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you.
Don’t let them in, whoever (no matter who) they are However (No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.
注意: whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever 还可以
引导名词性从句.此时它们不能与no matter+ 疑问词互换. 如:
You can take whatever you like.
Whoever leaves last should lock the door.
Thank you !谢谢观赏