专题01：语法与词汇 -2022年上海名校高三下试卷真题分类汇编（含答案详解）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022年上海名校高三下试卷分项汇编集萃
Grammar and Vocabulary 语法与词汇部分
上师大附属外国语中学高三第二学期四月线上诊断
上海第三女中2021-2022学年第二学期四月线上教学评估
华东师大二附中2021-2022学年第二学期四月在线阶段检测
4. 2022年复旦附中第十二次拓展考试
5. 2022年上海中学东校高三英语阶段测试
6. 2021-2022学年敬业中学第二学期期中质量调研
7.上海市实验学校2021-2022学年第二学期高三四月线上考
8.上海市建平中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月考试
9.上海市七宝中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月考试
10.上海市交大附中2021-2022学年高三下学期摸底考试
1.上海师范大学附属外国语中学高三第二学期四月线上诊断
Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10%)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.
Zika Virus
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a global emergency over the Zika virus. The mosquito-borne virus ____1____ (link) to a surge in babies born with microcephaly(小头畸形)in Brazil since it was first found there last year.
The WHO was widely criticized for its slow response to the 2014 Ebola crisis in West Africa. This time, it is eager to show its responsiveness. The organization took the rare step in spite of a lack of strong evidence ____2____ Zika is directly responsible for microcephaly. The WHO estimated there could be up to four million cases of Zika in the Americas this year, but the organization hasn’t made any recommendations ____3____ (restrict) travel or trade.
The last time the WHO declared a public health emergency was for the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, ____4____ more than 11,000 people were killed. Similar declarations were made for polio in 2013 and swine flu in 2009. Such emergency declarations are meant as ____5____ international SOS signal. They usually lead to increased efforts to stop the outbreak, as well as ____6____ (motivate) researches into possible treatments and vaccines.
Zika was first identified in 1947 in Africa. So far, there have been no effective treatments or vaccines for the virus. Michael Osterholm, an American public health expert, said it was still unclear ____7____ Zika had evolved since it first appeared in Africa. But he added that even minor genetic changes ____8____ have serious consequences.
Osterholm said it was important for the WHO to act quickly, ____9____ the lack of definitive evidence. “For situations like this, you have to have a ‘no regrets’ policy,” he said. “Maybe this will be a false alarm _____10_____ more information is available months later. But according to the evidence we have right now, the situation has been serious enough. ”
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. has been linked 2. that 3. to restrict 4. where 5. an 6. motivating
7 how 8. may/might 9. despite 10. when##if
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了一种以蚊子传播的病毒——寨卡病毒对人类的危害。
【1题详解】
考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自从去年在巴西首次发现寨卡病毒以来，这种通过蚊子传播的病毒一直被认为与婴儿小头症的激增有关。根据下文since it was first found there last year可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语为单数名词virus，且与谓语构成被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填has been linked。
【2题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：尽管缺乏强有力的证据表明寨卡病毒是小头畸形的直接原因，该组织还是采取了这一特殊的措施。本句为同位语从句，且从句中句意完整，不缺少成分，所以用连接代词that引导。故填that。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：世卫组织估计，今年美洲可能有多达400万寨卡病例，但该组织尚未就限制旅行或贸易提出任何建议。句中用不定式作定语，故填to restrict。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：世界卫生组织上一次宣布公共卫生紧急状态是在西非爆发的埃博拉疫情，在当时的疫情中有1.1万多人丧生。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Ebola outbreak（埃博拉疫情爆发），此处为虚拟性地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【5题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这类紧急声明是一种国际SOS的信号。signal为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一种信号”，且international发音为元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们通常会导致更多的努力来阻止疫情的爆发，同时也会激发对可能的治疗方法和疫苗的研究。本句中motivate做lead to的宾语，to为介词，其后动词用动名词形式。故填motivating。
【7题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：美国公共卫生专家Michael Osterholm表示，自寨卡病毒首次在非洲出现以来，它是如何演变的仍不清楚。本句it为形式主语，根据下文的“since it first appeared in Africa”可知，是对病毒如何演变不清楚，所以用连接副词how引导。故填how。
【8题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：但他补充说，即使是很小的基因变化也可能会产生严重的后果。根据上文“Michael Osterholm, an American public health expert, said it was still unclear ____7____ Zika had evolved since it first appeared in Africa.”可知，对病毒所知不多，所以下文为猜测，表可能。故填may/might。
【9题详解】
考查介词。句意：Osterholm说，尽管缺乏确凿证据，但世卫组织必须迅速采取行动。前一分句意为“世卫组织必须迅速采取行动”，空后意为“缺乏确凿证据”，两者之间存在让步关系，而且空后为名词，所以用介词despite“尽管”。故填despite。
【10题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：当几个月后可获得更多信息的时候，也许这将是一个错误的警报。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”可填when。或者为条件状语从句，表示“如果几个月后能得到更多的信息，也许这将是一个错误的警报。”可填if。故答案为when/if。
Section B (10%)
Directions： Complete the following passage by using the -words in the box. Each -word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. developmental B. waving C. obligation D. setting E. daily F. quoted G. deserve H. obstacle I. endanger J. sincerely K. distinctive
The President of North Macedonia walked Embla Ademi, an 11-year-old girl to her elementary school in the city of Gostivar on Monday after he heard she had experienced bullying at school as a result of having Down syndrome—a genetic condition that causes learning disabilities, health problems and ____11____ facial characteristics —a spokesperson for the President’s office told CNN.
Pendarovski talked to Embla’s parents about the challenges she and her family face on a ____12____ basis, and discussed solutions, his office said in a press release.
“The President said that the behavior of those who ____13____ children’s rights is unacceptable, especially when it comes to children with atypical development,” the statement said.
“They should not only enjoy the rights they ____14____, but also feel equal and welcome in the school desks and schoolyard. It is our ____15____ as a state, but also as individuals, and the key element in this common mission is empathy.”
“It will help children like Embla, but it will also help us learn from them how to ____16____ express happiness, share and be in togetherness,” the president added.
In a video shared by Pendarovski’s office, the President can be seen sitting down with Embla's family, giving her gifts. He is also seen ____17____ the 11-year-old off at the school gate as she walks into the building. “We are all equal in this society. I came here to give my support and to raise awareness that inclusion is a basic principle”, the press release ____18____ Pendarovski as saying.
The President said he “encouraged and supported” Embla’s parents in their fight for the protection of the rights of children like their daughter.
“Prejudices in that context are the main ____19____ to building an equal and just society for all,” Pendarovski said, according to the press release.
He also stressed there was a legal and moral responsibility to provide inclusive education, in which the main focus is on developing skills and abilities in children with different _____20_____ processes and emphasized the need to raise public awareness of the issue.
【11~20题答案】
【答案】11. K 12. E 13. I 14. G 15. C 16. J 17. B 18. F 19. H 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了北马其顿总统就一个11岁的唐氏综合征女孩遭受校园欺凌一事强调了对校园欺凌的重视以及平等教育的重要性。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在得知一个患有唐氏综合症（这是一种导致学习障碍、健康问题和独特面部特征的遗传疾病）的11岁女孩Embla Ademi遭受校园欺凌后，北马其顿总统周一亲自送她去戈斯蒂瓦尔市的小学上学，总统办公室的发言人告诉CNN。修饰名词短语facial characteristics用形容词，根据常识可知，唐氏综合征患者的面部特征“与常人不同”。故填K。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：总统办公室在一份新闻稿中说，潘达罗夫斯基与Embla的父母谈论了她和她的家人每天面临的挑战，并讨论了解决方案。固定短语on a daily basis(每天)，在句中作状语，符合题意。故填E。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：声明说：“总统表示，那些危害儿童权利的行为是不可接受的，特别是当涉及到非典型发育的儿童时”。who引导的定语从句中缺少谓语动词，根据语境和常识，校园欺凌是一种“危害”儿童权利的行为。故填I。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：“他们不仅应该享受他们应得的权利，而且在学校课桌上和校园里也应该感到平等和受欢迎。这是我们作为一个国家的义务，也是我们作为个人的义务，而这一共同使命的关键元素就是同理心。”省略关系代词that的定语从句中缺少谓语动词，根据常识可知，受教育是每个儿童“应有的”权利。故填G。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意同上，分析句子结构，此处缺少名词作表语，根据语境和常识，让每一个儿童坪等地接受教育是国家和社会的“义务”。故填C。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：总统补充说：“这将帮助像Embla这样的孩子，但也将帮助我们从他们身上学习如何真诚地表达快乐、分享和在一起”。修饰动词express用副词，根据语境和常识，唐氏综合征患者虽然面部特征异于常人，但会真诚地表达自己的快乐。故填J。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们还可以看到，当11岁的小女孩走进学校时，他在门口和她挥手告别。sb be seen doing，某人被看到正在做某事，根据语境和常识，临别前应该是“挥手”告别，故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：新闻稿援引潘达罗夫斯基的话说：“在这个社会里，我们都是平等的。我来这里是为了给予支持，并提高人们对包容是一项基本原则的认识。”。此处缺少动词作谓语，引号里的话是新闻稿“引用”潘达罗夫斯基的原话，故填F。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：根据新闻稿，彭达罗夫斯基说：“在这种情况下，偏见是建立一个人人平等和公正的社会的主要障碍”。此处缺少名词作表语，根据语境和常识，偏见是建立一个人人平等和公正的社会的主要“障碍”。故填H。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他还强调了提供包容性教育的法律和道德责任，其中的主要重点是培养具有不同发展过程的儿童的技能和能力，并强调需要提高公众对这一问题的认识。修饰名词processes 用形容词，developmental processes发展阶段。故填A。
2.上海市第三女子中学2021学年第二学期高三年级英语学科线上教学评估
Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Tea in Britain
Tea may be thought as the most typical of English drinks, but it is actually a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea ____1____ (date) back to the 3rd millennium (一千年) BC in China, the drink didn’t appear in England until the mid-17th century.
Curiously, it is said that it was the London coffee houses ____2____ were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants ____3____ (offer) tea was Thomas Garway, who sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later, he issued a big brochure advertising the virtues of tea, ____4____ its positive effect on health.
Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and this distressed the pub owners ____5____ tea cut their sales of beer. At the same time, it was also bad news for the government officials, ____6____ depended on a steady stream of revenue from taxes on liquor sales. By 1750, tea ____7____ (become) the favored drink of Britain’s lower classes.
A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license. The heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry — tea smuggling (走私). Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate (掺假) the tea with other substances, such as willow and sloe leaves. ____8____ (use) tea leaves were also redried and added to fresh leaves.
Finally, 1784 William Pitt the Younger determined to take ____9____ measures that could reverse the situation. He introduced the Commutation Act, which dropped the tax on tea from 119% to 12.5%, effectively ending smuggling. He also took many other measures, hoping that such attempts ____10____ stop adulteration. But adulteration remained a problem until the Food and Drug Act of 1875 brought in severe punishment for the practice.
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. dates 2. that 3. to offer 4. including 5. as##because
6. who 7. had become 8. Used 9. some 10. would
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了茶叶在英国历史。
【1题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在中国，喝茶的习俗可以追溯到公元前3000年，但直到17世纪中期才出现在英国。分析句子可知，date back to(追溯到)是从句谓语动词，该短语无被动语态，陈述客观实事，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语the custom是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的主动语态，单数形式。故填dates。
【2题详解】
考查强调句型。句意：奇怪是，据说正是伦敦的咖啡馆把茶引入了英国。“It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其它部分”为强调句型，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；分析句子可知，本句中主语从句“that it was the London coffee houses 　　　　were responsible for introducing tea to England.”使用了强调句弄，强调的是原句的主语“the London coffee houses”，句子其它部分只能由that引出。故填that。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最早提供茶叶的咖啡馆商人之一是托马斯·加威，他早在1657年就向公众出售液体茶和干茶。名词前有序数词修饰时，其后常用不定式作后置定语；根据句意，句中提示词offer修饰名词coffee house merchants，且该名词前有序数词the first修饰，因此用不定式to offer作后置定语。故填to offer。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：三年后，他出版了一本大的小册子，宣传茶的优点，包括它对健康的积极作用。根据句意可知，“its positive effect on health”是“virtues of tea”的一项内容，可用介词including，意为“包括”。故填including。
【5题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：茶在咖啡馆里迅速流行起来，这让酒吧老板很苦恼，因为茶减少了啤酒的销量。根据句意可知，“tea cut their sales of beer”是“this distressed the pub owners”的原因，所以用从属连词as或者because引导原因状语从句。故填as/because。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：与此同时，这对政府官员来说也是个坏消息，他们依赖于酒类销售税收的稳定收入来源。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词officials，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该定语从句。故填who。
【7题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：到1750年，茶已经成为英国下层阶级喜爱的饮料。分析句子可知，become是句中谓语动词，与主语tea之间是主动关系，句中时间状语By 1750表示“到1750年的时候”，表示“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时态。故填had become。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：用过的茶叶也被重新干燥并添加到新鲜的茶叶中。根据句意，提示词use作定语修饰名词tea，应用非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语tea之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动和完成，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填Used。
【9题详解】
考查限定词。句意：最后，1784年，小威廉·皮特决定采取一些措施来扭转局势。根据句意和空格后复数名词measures可推知，小威廉·皮特采取一些措施来扭转局势，用限定词some，表示“一些”，修饰复数名词。故填some。
【10题详解】
考查过去将来时态和情态动词。句意：他还采取了许多其他措施，希望这样的尝试可以阻止掺假。根据句意和hoping可知，“that such attempts 　10　 stop adulteration”是希望将来会发生的事情，应用过去将来时态“would+动词原形”。故填would。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. modest B. creative C. confirm D. pace E. increasingly F. emerging
G. scoring H. caps I. evenly J. access K. collapse
Bathroom Reveals Your Repayment Ability
Banks and other lenders typically look at borrowers’ credit histories, tax forms and other financial information to determine whether they will get paid back. In China, ____11____ lenders also look at borrowers’ bathrooms.
As the economy slows, the government wants to develop a credit culture to get Chinese families spending instead of saving. While the country is getting wealthier, the financial system has not kept ____12____. Some people have had no ____13____ to credit card or mortgage, so lenders often have little reliable information about potential borrowers.
To fill the gaps, one lender, China Rapid Finance, assigns its investigators to check for the number of toothbrushes or towels to determine how many people are living in a house. They look for dirty dishes in the kitchen. They take photos of a potential borrower at work to ____14____ employment status.
A growing number of companies are trying to crack the credit code in China. The Internet giants Alibaba, Tencent and Baidu are developing credit ____15____ systems based on users’ online transactions (交易) and search histories.
The World Bank estimated that 79 percent of China’s population above the age of 15 have bank accounts, while only 10 percent have ever borrowed from the formal financial system. China’s banks have a(n) ____16____ consumers lending business. Contrarily, online lenders are ____17____ as the pioneers, satisfying China’s rising consumer class.
Alibaba’s financial affiliate (隶属机构), Huabei, makes small loans to online shoppers and vendors (小贩) on its e-commerce platforms. Peer-to-peer platforms have proved hugely popular in China, but the industry’s reputation has been ruined by scandal, like the ____18____ of Ezubao (易租宝).
After that, regulators have stepped up their supervision of online lenders, which includes setting ____19____ on the amounts that can be borrowed. The regulators’ tightening management is “something like a shepherd herding (放牧) his sheep into a(n) _____20_____ narrowing pen (围栏),” said Mark Natkin, the founder and managing director at Marbridge Consulting, based in Beijing.
【11~20题答案】
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. J 14. C 15. G 16. A 17. F 18. K 19. H 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在中国，创意贷款机构会查看借款人的浴室，文章说明了这一做法的原因及操作过程。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在中国，富有创意的贷款机构也会查看借款人的卫生间。由后文的“look at borrowers’ bathrooms”贷款机构查看借款人的卫生间，这说明这种贷款机构是很有创意的，空格处用形容词修饰名词lenders，“有创意的”的形容词是creative。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管这个国家变得更加富有，金融体系却没有跟上。由上文的“While the country is getting wealthier”可知，句子表示“尽管这个国家变得更加富有，金融体系却没有跟上”，“跟上”是固定短语keep pace，空格处是pace。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：一些人没有获得信用卡或抵押贷款的渠道，因此贷款人通常没有关于潜在借款人的可靠信息。由后文的“so lenders often have little reliable information about potential borrowers”可知，贷款人通常没有关于潜在借款人的可靠信息，由此可知，这些借款人是没有信用卡，“had no __3__ to”意为“不能使用”，是固定短语have no access to，空格处是access，故选J。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们会拍下潜在借款人工作时的照片，以确认其就业状况。由上文的“They take photos of a potential borrower at work”可知，他们会拍下潜在借款人工作时的照片，这么做是为了确认其就业状况，空格处意为“确认”，是confirm，空格处用不定式表目的，由此空格处用动词原形，故选C。
【15题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：互联网巨头阿里巴巴、腾讯和百度正在开发基于用户在线交易和搜索历史的信用评分系统。由后文的“based on users’ online transactions (交易) and search histories”可知，句子表示“互联网巨头阿里巴巴、腾讯和百度正在开发基于用户在线交易和搜索历史的信用评分系统”，“评分系统”是scoring system，由此空格处是scoring，故选G。
16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国的银行拥有适度的消费者贷款业务。由上文的“only 10 percent have ever borrowed from the formal financial system”可知，中国的银行拥有适度的消费者贷款业务，空格处意为“适度的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语“consumers lending business”，是modest。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：相反，在线贷款机构正成为先锋，满足了中国日益壮大的消费阶层。由后文的“satisfying China’s rising consumer class”可知，要满足中国日益壮大的消费阶层，就出现了一些在线贷款机构，空格处意为“出现”，是emerge，由are可知，句子时态是现在进行时，空格处用现在分词emerging。故选F。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：事实证明，P2P平台在中国非常受欢迎，但该行业的声誉已被一些丑闻所毁，比如易租宝的倒闭。由上文的“the industry’s reputation has been ruined by scandal”可知，该行业的声誉已被一些丑闻所毁，所以就有了易租宝的倒闭，空格处是“倒闭”，用名词，是collapse。故选K。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：此后，监管机构加强了对网络贷款机构的监管，包括设定贷款额度上限。由上文的“regulators have stepped up their supervision of online lenders”和后文的“The regulators’ tightening management”可知，监管机构加强了对网络贷款机构的监管，其中一个做法就是设定贷款额度上限，空格处意为“上限”，是cap，由后面的amounts可知，空格处用复数，故选H。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：北京Marbridge Consulting公司的创始人兼董事总经理Mark Natkin说，监管机构收紧管理“有点像牧羊人把羊群赶进越来越窄的羊圈”。由上文的“The regulators’ tightening management”可知，监管机构收紧管理有点像牧羊人把羊群赶进越来越窄的羊圈，空格处意为“越来越多地”，空格处用副词修饰形容词narrowing，是increasingly。故选E。
3.华东师大三附中2021学年第二学期在线阶段检测
Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Rolling Stones: Forty Licks
This double CD, by possibly the world’s best-known rock band, spans forty years of hits. There ____1____be few CDs which do such a good job of documenting a band’s career. And there is no band ____2____ the Rolling Stones.
The tracks themselves never disappoint, ____3____ there truly is something for everyone, from their blues-influenced rock classics to the slower, more meditative material ____4____ came later. Nobody listening to this collection could fail ____5____ (move) by the raw emotion of ‘Angie’; and I would challenge anyone to listen to “Brown Sugar with” without moving at least some part of their body. For me, these are the highlights of Disc Two, but there is much more, including four tracks not ____6____ (release) previously. As for Disc One, there is not a single weak track---each one is a classic.
This CD deserves a place in your collection for the simple reason ____7____ it follows the development of modern music almost from its very beginning in the early 1960s. If you’re a fan, you’ll be able to hear your old favourites ____8____ (sound) as good as the first day they were on the shelf. ____9____ your taste in music is much more contemporary, it is worth investigating this most influential of bands. They are a major part of rock history and anyone with the slightest interest in this subject should go straight to the source. Forty Licks gives you the chance to do just that.
It is hard to imagine the music scene without the Stones. If you want to see _____10_____ it takes to keep band in the public eye for forty years, look no further than this CD.
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. may 2. like 3. and 4. that/which 5. to be moved
6. released 7. that 8. sound 9. Although 10. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是滚石合唱团《Forty Licks》精选辑的相关信息。
【1题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：可能很少有CD能如此出色地记录一个乐队的职业生涯。空格后是动词原形be，因此空格处是情态动词，由“few CDs which do such a good job of documenting a band’s career”可知，句子是一种推测，意为“可能很少有CD能如此出色地记录一个乐队的职业生涯”，空格处意为“可能，也许”，是情态动词may，故填may。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：也没有像滚石乐队那样的乐队。由“And there is no band”可知，句子表示“也没有像滚石乐队那样的乐队”，因此空格处是“像”，用介词like，故填like。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：歌曲本身从不让人失望，而且确实有适合每个人的东西，从他们受蓝调影响的经典摇滚到后来出现的更慢、更冥想的材料。由“The tracks themselves never disappoint”和“there truly is something for everyone...”可知，前后两句是并列关系，因此空格处用表示并列的连词and，故填and。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：歌曲本身从不让人失望，而且确实有适合每个人的东西，从他们受蓝调影响的经典摇滚到后来出现的更慢、更适合冥想的材料。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词material是物，因此空格处是关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
【5题详解】
考查不定式。句意：听过这张专辑人都会被《Angie》的原始情感所打动。fail to do是固定短语，意为“不能做某事”，由by可知，空格处用不定式的被动语态，即to be moved。故填to be moved。
【6题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：对我来说，这些是第二盘的亮点，但还有更多，包括四首之前没有发布的歌曲。but后的句子中谓语部分是is，空格处用非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词tracks，release与tracks之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填released。
【7题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：这张CD值得在你的收藏中占有一席之地，原因很简单，它几乎从20世纪60年代初开始就追随了现代音乐的发展。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是同位语从句，说明reason的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导同位语从句，故填that。
【8题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：如果你是它的粉丝，你将能够听到你的旧的最爱听起来和它们上架的第一天一样好。根据语境可知，句子表示“你将能够听到你的旧的最爱听起来和它们上架的第一天一样好”，“听见某人做某事”是hear sb. do...，因此空格处用动词原形，故填sound。
【9题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然你的音乐品味更现代，但还是值得研究一下这个最有影响力的乐队。根据常识可知，现在的人的音乐品味更现代，但是滚石合唱队是摇滚历史的重要组成部分，值得研究一下，因此空格处意为“虽然”，用although引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although。
【10题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：如果你想知道是什么让乐队在公众眼中保持40年，看看这张CD就知道了。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少takes的宾语，因此空格处用连接代词what，故填what。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
“That which does not kill us makes us stronger.” But parents can’t handle it when teenagers put this ___11___ into practice. And now technology has become the new field for the age-old battle between adults and their freedom-craving kids.
Locked indoors, unable to get on their bicycles and hang out with their friends, teens have turned to social media and their mobile phones to ___12___ with their friends. What they do online often mirrors what they might otherwise do if their mobility wasn’t so ___13___ limited in the age of helicopter parenting. Social media and smart phones apps have become so popular in recent years. Teens want the freedom to explore their ___14___ and the world around them, so they jump online.
As teens have moved online, parents have projected their ___15___ onto the Internet, imagining all the potential dangers that youth might face--from violent strangers to cruel peers.
Rather than helping teens develop strategies for discussing public life and the potential risks of interacting with others, fearful parents have focused on tracking, monitoring and ___16___. These don’t help teens develop the skills they need to manage complex social situations, assess risks and get help when they’re in trouble. It gradually weakens the learning that teens need to do as they come of age in a technology-soaked world.
The key to helping youth handle ___17___ life isn’t more restrictions. It’s freedom-plus communication. Famed urban theorist Jane Jacobs used to argue that the safest neighborhoods were those where communities ___18___ took interest in and paid attention to what happened on the streets. Safety didn’t come from keeping everyone indoors but from a ___19___ to watch out for one another. The same is true online.
Teens need the freedom to wander the ____20____ street, but they also need to know that caring adults are behind them and supporting them wherever they go.
【11~20题答案】
【答案】11. G 12. J 13. F 14. H 15. E 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. K 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科技已经成为成年人和渴望自由的孩子之间斗争的新领域。文章分析了为何孩子们会沉迷于新科技以及为何父母会强化对孩子们使用新科技的控制。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是，当青少年将这一哲理付诸实践时，父母们就无法接受了。分析句子，划线前有代词this，判断此处应填“名词”。且this指代的是开头那句“那些没有杀死我们的，使我们更强大”。是“哲理”。故选G项。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：由于被锁在室内，无法骑自行车和朋友们出去玩，青少年们开始通过社交媒体和手机与朋友们进行交往。分析句子，划线前的to 为不定式的to,故划线处应该填动词表示目的。又因句意，被锁家中，与他人交往受限。所以青少年倾向于用手机和他们的朋友交往。故选J项。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：他们在网上所做的往往反映出，如果他们的行动能力在望子成龙时代没有那么大的限制，他们可能会做什么。分析句子，so 后加形容词或者副词译为“太…”,而后面的limited是动词。因此此处应填副词。分析句意，青少年的活动受到望子成龙父母的极大限制。此处强调的是一种程度。故选F项。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：青少年想要自由探索他们的身份和周围的世界，所以他们会上网。分析句子，根据划线后的and判断出链接两个并列成分，the world是名词，所以该处可以断定缺少名词。备选项中 H，I，K都是名词。在根据句意，青少年渴望自由去探索他们的身份和周围的世界。故选H项。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着青少年上网，家长们把他们的恐惧投射到网络上，想象年轻人可能面临的所有潜在危险——从暴力的陌生人到残忍的同龄人。分析句子，根据划线前的their（形容词性物主代词），初步判断后面缺少名词。在结合后半句“想象年轻人可能面临的所有潜在危险”。这是一种恐惧心理。故选E项。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：恐惧的父母没有帮助青少年制定讨论公共生活和与他人互动的潜在风险的策略，而是将注意力集中在跟踪、监控和阻止上。分析句子，and前面的两个动词tracking, monitoring 都用了doing形式。所以此处也应该补充一个同类型的词。分析句意，只有A适合，表示“跟踪，监控并且阻止（孩子们使用网络）”。故选A项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：帮助年轻人应对当代生活的关键不是更多的限制。分析句子，“应对_____生活”，此处缺少形容词修饰“生活”。分析句意，应指“当代生活”。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：最安全的社区是那种有着共同的兴趣并且随时关注街道的情况的地方。分析句子，划线后的took为动词，故此需用副词来修饰。备用选项只剩下B项为副词，表示“共同地，集体地”符合句意。故选B项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：安全并非来自让每个人都呆在室内，而是来自彼此守望的意愿。分析句子，划线前有冠词a，故可判断此处应填名词。又根据not…but 译为“不是…而是”表示前后相反。综合分析，故选K项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：青少年需要在数字时时代自由的漫步，但论他们走到哪里，他们也需要知道有爱心的成年人在背后支持他们。分析句子，划线后的词性为名词，故此处需填形容词对其修饰。又因通篇讲孩子将自己沉浸在网络中，因此这里用与之相关的词digital 译为“数码的，数字的”符合句意。故选D项。
4.复旦附中第十二次拓展考试
Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
_____1_____ I think about the beauty and appeal of Chinese culture, one of the first things that enter my mind is images of complicated Chinese calligraphy. I love to watch the older folks in the park dip and sweep their brushes across the stones. I imagine as they swing their arms that their movements are part of _____2_____ dance and the watery messages left behind are the words to the song playing in their head. Unfortunately, just as the water slowly evaporates from sight, so, too, the art of Chinese calligraphy seems _____3_____ (fade) away gradually.
This is the fear of Cui Zhiqiang, a senior calligraphy master with the China Calligraphers Association. “The style of writing among Chinese people today has been changed or ruined,” he laments. He explains this as the unavoidable effect _____4_____ the everyday use of cellphones and computers. With the help of the pinyin system, people _____5_____ “write” the characters by simply spelling out the phonetic equivalent. Skillful strokes have been replaced with tapping and typing.
It isn’t just the written form of Chinese that is being impacted by this phenomenon, though. The English language has been impacted, puter skills are now considered so basic that the time once spent _____6_____ (teach) cursive writing in elementary school is now being used to teach keyboarding. Furthermore, people have become so dependent on the spellcheck and autocorrect features _____7_____ their ability to spell is suffering.
Language and culture are inextricably linked. The written form of the Chinese language _____8_____ (carry) with it the stories of the traditional characters and the reasons for each and every change through the years. In light of its value, many people celebrated CCTV’s summer show, _____9_____ brought together groups of Chinese youth to compete in a dictation contest. The show was well received and generated an interest in young people to improve their handwriting skills and encouraged parents to enroll their children in calligraphy classes.
Not all see the changing forms of our written languages as a negative thing. If you look at language solely as a tool for communication, then perhaps you might agree. Modern ways of writing are efficient and effective. But if you also see language as an art form, then we are truly losing something _____10_____ (beautiful).
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. When##Whenever##Once 2. a 3. to be fading 4. of 5. can
6. teaching 7. that 8. carries 9. which 10. beautiful
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了因手机和电脑的普及，承载着传统汉字的故事的中国书法在逐渐消失，这一趋势使人担忧，央视暑期推出汉字听写比赛，弘扬汉字文化。
【1题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：当我想到中国文化的美丽和吸引力时，首先进入我脑海的东西之一就是复杂的中国书法。根据语境，设空处应用从属连词，引导时间状语从句，可用when，意为“在……时候”；或者whenever，意为“每当，无论何时”；或者once，意为“一旦，当……时候”。故填When或Whenever或Once。
【2题详解】
考查冠词。句意：我想象，当他们挥舞手臂时，他们的动作是舞蹈的一部分，留下的湿的的信息是在他们脑海中播放的歌曲的歌词。dance为可数名词，此处表示泛指，dance发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，就像水慢慢从视线中蒸发一样，中国书法艺术似乎也在逐渐消失。seem为系动词，后接动词不定式的进行时态，表示动作正在发生。故填to be fading。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：他解释说，这是手机和电脑日常使用不可避免的影响。固定短语the effect of...意为“……的影响”。故填of。
【5题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：在拼音系统的帮助下，人们可以通过简单地拼出语音对应词来“写”汉字。根据语境，人们借助于拼音，就有能力写汉字，设空处应填表示能力的情态动词。故填can。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：计算机技能现在被认为是如此的基本，以至于曾经在小学教草书的时间现在被用来教键盘。设空处前有the time, 后接过去分词短语once spent，固定搭配spend time doing sth，设空处为动名词形式。故填teaching。
【7题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：此外，人们已经变得如此依赖拼写检查和自动更正功能，他们的拼写能力正在受到影响。句子涉及句型so...that...，意为“如此……以至……”，设空处应填连接词that，表示结果。故填that。
【8题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：中国语言的书写形式承载着传统汉字的故事，以及历年来每一次变化的原因。陈述客观存在，用一般现在时态，主语为The written form，单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填carries。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：鉴于它的价值，许多人赞扬了央视的夏季节目，该节目将中国的年轻人聚集在一起参加听写比赛。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为summer show，先行词在从句中作主语，为物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但如果你也把语言看作一种艺术形式，那么我们真的失去了一些美丽的东西。修饰不定代词something的形容词应放在不定代词之后。故填beautiful。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. instinct；B. confidence；C. outlined；D. slogans AB. spin；AC. lists；AD. illustrated；BC. conviction BD. contrast；CD. practice；ABC. demonstrate
The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker, with merit being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with ___11___.
But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. And one industry in which this ___12___ is common is that of politics. So what does it take to be a political speechwriter
Well, according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain, a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills, be detail-oriented and able to ___13___ a deep knowledge of their subject. They must also work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style.
Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent, a natural creative ___14___, and that speechwriting is an art form. So what about those of us who do not possess such genius Can we still produce successful speeches
In an interview with the BBC, Dr. Max Atkinson (a communications specialist) ___15___ a number of speechwriting techniques. He also ___16___ how these techniques have been used in historic speeches.
One such technique is introducing ___17___. This is extremely useful when presenting a positive ___18___ on a negative issue. One of the most famous examples of this can be seen in a speech given by former American President John F Kennedy: “Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country.”
Another technique is the use of three-part ___19___. Dr. Atkinson explains that this can be an excellent way of adding finality or confirming a statement. Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique. One of his most famous campaign ___20___ was “education, education, education.”
So next time you have to prepare a speech or presentation, try applying one or more of these techniques and see it you have what it takes to be a winning speechwriter.
【11~20题答案】
【答案】11. BC 12. CD 13. ABC 14. A 15. C 16. AD 17. BD 18. AB
19. AC 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了成为一名政治演讲稿撰写人所需具备的天赋和能力，以及马克斯·阿特金森博士介绍的一些演讲稿写作技巧，如“引入对比”、“三句式排比”的运用。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：演讲的成功往往归功于演讲者的技巧，那些自信、能言善辩、知识渊博、能够信心十足地发表演讲的演讲者是有优势的。设空处在介词with后，应用名词形式。conviction意为“确信，深信”，此处 deliver a speech with conviction，意为“有信心地发表演讲”。故选BC项。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：在一个行业中，这种做法很常见，那就是政界。根据上一句“But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. (但这些感人的演讲往往不是演讲者写的，而是演讲稿撰写人写的)”可知，设空处指代上一句中的“演讲稿不是演讲者写的，另有撰写人”。this后应用名词，practice作名词，意为“通常的做法，惯例”，符合语意。故选CD项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：根据美国驻英国大使馆最近的一则招聘广告，一名政治演讲稿撰写人需要具备非凡的人际交往能力，注重细节，并能够展现出对演讲主题的深刻了解。be able to后接动词原形，应填demonstrate，意为“表达；表露；表现；显露”；demonstrate a deep knowledge of ...，意为“表现出对……的深刻了解”，符合语意。故选ABC项。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：有些人认为，最好的演讲稿撰写人有一种与生俱来的天赋，一种天生的创作本能，演讲稿撰写是一种艺术形式。设空处前a natural creative，表明设空处应用名词。名词instinct，意为“本能，天赋”，此处a natural creative instinct，作同位语，解释an inherent talent。故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：在接受BBC采访时，马克斯·阿特金森博士，一位沟通专家，概述了一些演讲稿写作技巧。设空处为句子的谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事，用一般过去时态；根据语境，设空处应用动词outlined，意为“概述”，在采访中，专家提纲挈领，简单陈述了几个技巧。outlined符合语意，故选C项。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：他还举例说明了这些技巧在历史性的演讲中是如何使用的。设空处为谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事，用一般过去时态；设空处应用动词illustrated，意为“（用示例）说明，解释”，符合语意。故选AD项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：其中一种方法就是引入对比。设空处在动词introducing之后，应用名词形式，作宾语。根据下文“This is extremely useful when presenting a positive 　　8　　　 on a negative issue.(当在一个消极的问题上提出一个积极的观点时，这是非常有用的)”可知，“积极”与”消极“形成对比，设空处应用名词contrast，意为“对比，反差”，符合语意。故选BD项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：当在一个消极的问题上提出一个积极的观点时，这是非常有用的。设空处前为presenting a positive，设空处应用名词形式，作presenting的宾语；名词spin，意为“带倾向性的解释（或说法）；（政治上的）倾向性报道”，符合语意。故选AB项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：另一种技巧是使用三句式排比。设空处在of后，被three-part 修饰，应用名词复数形式，根据本段下文“Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique. One of his most famous campaign 　　10　　　was “education, education, education.(英国前首相托尼·布莱尔就是这种技巧的粉丝。他最著名的竞选口号之一是“教育，教育，教育。”)”，名词短语three-part lists，意为“三句式排比”，lists符合语意。故选AC项。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：他最著名的竞选口号之一是“教育，教育，教育。”one of 修饰名词复数，根据语境，设空处应用slogans，campaign slogans，意为“竞选口号”，符合语意。故选D项。
上海中学东校高三英语阶段测试
Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A共10分
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
La Balade des Gnomes, a Perfect Place for Holiday
Are you looking to take a break from your everyday life and relax in a fairy-tale world If so, there's probably no ____1____(good) place than La Balade des Gnomes, near the town of Durbuy, Belgium. ____2____(Feature) ten amazingly-decorated bedrooms and a special suite(套房) designed in the form of a Trojan horse, this place is truly unique.
Formerly an ordinary Belgian farmhouse, La Balade des Gnomes was changed ____3____ a magical tourist spot by architect and owner Dominic Noel. “The hotel was created by people who have a strong interest in nature," he says, but anyone with a rich imagination would certainly appreciate ____4____ special design and decorations as well. The names of the rooms well represent ____5____ you can expect to see when you walk through the door. A Moon Neighborhood , for example, takes you to a distant future ____6____ humans can spend their vacation in a hotel on the Moon.
Every room in La Balade des Gnomes hotel was created and decorated by Dominic Noel with the help of local craftsmen, and ____7____(offer) visitors a unique experience. But the main attraction of this Belgian spot is the two-story Troian Horse suite, which actually looks like a giant wooden cow. while it ____8____ a have been inspired by Greek mythology(神话), this beautiful wooden structure actually is covered in medieval(中世纪的)decorations ____9____(base) on fairy tales.
____10____ you are looking for a special hotel in Belgium, La Balade des Gnomes is a wonderful choice.
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. better 2. Featuring 3. into 4. its##the 5. what 6. when
7. offers 8. may 9. based 10. If
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个度假的好地方——La Balade des Gnomes。
【1题详解】
考查比较级。句意：如果你想度假，没有地方比得上La Balade des Gnomes。根据本句中的than词，可以推出此处应填入形容词的比较级,good的比级为better。故填better。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个地方以十个精心装修的卧室和一个设计成特洛伊木马形状特别套房为特色,真的是独一无二。位于逗号前的这一部分做句子的状语，且动词Feature 意为“以……为特色”,与主语this place 是主动的关系,应该用现在分词。故填Featuring。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意：La Balade des Gnomes 曾经是比利时一个普通农庄,后来被它的建筑师主人Dominic Noel 改建成了一个神奇的旅游景点。动词 change与介词 into 搭配，意为“将……变成……”,符合句意。故填into。
【4题详解】
考查限定词。句意：虽然房子的主人说这个酒店是由对大自然有浓厚兴趣的人们创造的,但是任何一个想象力丰富的人都会欣赏其独特的设计和装饰。空格位于名词短语前,所以应填入限定词,物主代词 its 或者定冠词符合句意。故填its/the。
【5题详解】
考查连接词。句意：房间的名称恰如其分地代表了你走进房间时所期待看见的东西。句中“you expect to see ...”为宾语从句,且引导词在从句中做动词 see 的宾语,故填 what。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：比如说，‘月亮社区’这个房间就会带你进入遥远的未来,那时人类可以在月球上的酒店里度假。“humans can spend their vacation in a hotel on the Moon”为定语从句,修饰先行词 a distant future,引导词在句中做状语,需填入关系副词 when。故填when。
【7题详解】
考查时态。句意：La Balade des Gnomes 酒店里的每一个房间都是由 Dominic Noel在当地艺匠们的帮助下设计并装修的，为游客们提供了独一无二的感受。句中连词 and连接了两个谓语动词,且空格处填入的谓语动词与主语是主动的关系,说明一般情况应填入一般现在时的主动语态。故填offers。
【8题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：虽然这一创意可能来源于希腊神话。空格位于动词原形前,应填情态动词或助动词,情态动词 may可表示“可能”,符合句意。故填may。
9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一美丽的木质结构上的装饰是基于神话故事的中世纪风格。空格处应填入动词的适当形式做名词 decorations 的定语,动词 base 意为“把……建在……基础上”,与该名词为被动关系,因此需填入过去分词。故填based。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果你在比利时寻找一个特别的酒店,那么La Balade des Gnomes会是一个不错的选择。该分句为状语从句,表条件，因此填入连词if，置于句首，首字母大写。符合句意。故填If。
Section B 共10分
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. brief B. applying C. extremely D. information E. displayed F. seeking G. sketch H. intelligently I. served J. valuable K. general
Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.
You can make a mental blueprint for a desire as you would make a blueprint for a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the ____11____ routine of everyday living. If we intend to invite friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is essential for any type of meal to be ____12____.
Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a(n) ____13____ account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can ____14____ plan where to sell your services.
This account of yourself is actually a(n) ____15____ of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is ____16____. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is ____17____ helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your “wares” and abilities must be ____18____ in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something concrete to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible ____19____ about your could-be job. Make inquiries into the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day ____20____ the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.
【11~20题答案】
【答案】11. K 12. I 13. A 14. H 15. G 16. J 17. C 18. E 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是如何为找工作做计划。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：你可以在头脑中为一种愿望绘制蓝图，就像为一所房子绘制蓝图一样，我们每个人在日常生活中都在不断地绘制这些蓝图。空格处应填形容词，修饰名词 routine，由“routine of everyday living”可知，句子表示“日常生活中的大概的常规”，空格处意为“大概的”，形容词是general，故选K。
【12题详解】
考查不定式的被动语态。句意：如果我们打算邀请朋友来吃饭，我们计划菜单，列一个购物清单，决定先做什么食物，这样的计划对任何类型的饭菜都是必不可少的。由meal可知，饭菜是被端上，serve有“摆出，端上”的意思，句中用不定式的被动语态to be served作 meal的定语，表示“要上的菜”，因此空格处是served，故选I。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：同样地，如果你想找一份工作，拿一张纸，写一个简短的自我介绍。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词account，account作名词，此处意为“描述”，由“if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write”可知，句子表示“如果你想找一份工作，拿一张纸，写一个简短的自我介绍”，空格处意为“简短的”，形容词是brief，故选A。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：在为一份工作制定蓝图时，要从你自己开始，因为当你确切地知道你能提供什么时，你就能明智地计划在哪里推销你的服务。空格处用副词修饰动词plan，由后面的“where to sell your services”可知，当你确切地知道你能提供什么时，你就能明智地计划在哪里推销你的服务，空格处意为“明智地”，副词是intelligently，故选H。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：对自己的描述实际上是对工作生活的概述，应该包括教育、经历和推荐信。由前面的“This account of yourself”可知，对自己的描述实际上是对工作生活的概述，空格处意为“概述”，名词是sketch，a后用单数，故选G。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这样的描述是有价值的。空格处用形容词作表语，由后面的“It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks”可知，这样的描述是有价值的，空格处意为“有价值的”，形容词是valuable，故选J。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：在填写标准的申请表时可以参考它，在个人面试时也非常有用。空格处用副词修饰形容词helpful，由前面的“It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks”，因此这在个人面试时非常有用，空格处意为“非常”，副词是extremely，故选C。
【18题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：在和你谈话的时候，可能成为你雇主的人正在考虑你的“商品”和能力是否必须以一种有序的、合理的相互联系的方式展示出来。根据常识可知，面试就是把能力展现出来，空格处意为“展现”，是display，能力是被展现，句子用被动语态，空格前有must be，因此空格处是过去分词displayed，故选E。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：收集所有可能成为你的工作的信息。possible修饰名词，由后面的“about your could-be job”可知，句子表示“收集所有可能成为你的工作的信息”，空格处意为“信息”，是information，为不可数名词，故选D。
【20题详解】
考查动名词。句意：每天花一定的时间寻找你想要的工作，记住：找到一份工作就是你现在的工作。由“the employment you wish for”可知，句子表示“每天花一定的时间寻找你想要的工作”，空格处意为“寻找”，是seek，spend some time doing sth.是固定短语，意为“花某些时间做某事”，因此空格处是动名词seeking，故选F。
2021学年敬业中学第二学期期中质量调研
Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
What to say to a rude person
As Lord Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily annoyed. A woman had picked up her phone and began a loud conversation, ____1____ would last an unbelievable hour. Angry, Winston began to take her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers on tweeter.
____2____ the train arrived at its destination, Winston got off and left quickly. But the press were waiting for the woman. When showed the Lord’s messages, she used one word to describe Winston’s actions: rude.
Winston’s tale is something of a microcosm of our age (我们这个时代缩影)of increasing rudeness, ____3____ (fuel) by social media (and, often politics). (在社交媒体（和经常还有政治）推动下越来越粗鲁) What can we do to fix this
Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely ____4____ we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, ____5____ (creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way to end a conflict is to call it out, face to face. We must say, “Just stop.” For Winston, that would have meant ____6____ (approach) the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make a call at another time. (改天)
The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us ____7____ (do) odd things. The acts of revenge people had taken ____8____ (range) from the ridiculous to the disturbing. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ____9____ . Because once rude people can see their actions _____10_____ the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that conflict themselves.(一旦粗鲁的人能通过他人的眼睛看到自己的行为，他们就极有可能自己结束冲突。) As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.(礼貌)
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. which 2. As soon as 3. fueled 4. that 5. less creative
6. approaching 7. to do 8. ranged 9. ourselves 10. through
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们应如何对待陌生人粗鲁行为。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一个女人拿起电话，开始大声交谈，持续了令人难以置信的一个小时。先行词a loud conversation，指物，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【2题详解】
考查连词。句意：火车一到目的地，温斯顿就下了车，飞快地走了。as soon as一……就……，引导时间状语从句。置于句首，首字母大写。故填As soon as。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：温斯顿的故事是我们这个时代越来越粗鲁的缩影，社交媒体(通常还有政治)助长了这个时代。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Winston’s tale与动词fuel是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填fueled。
【4题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：仅仅是目睹别人的粗鲁行为，我们以后也会变得粗鲁无礼。主语+ make it +adj. + that+从句。句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。故填that。
【5题详解】
考查比较级。句意：一旦被感染，我们就会变得更有攻击性，更缺乏创造力，工作表现也会更差。连词and前后是形容词比较级形式。在结合句意。故填less creative。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对温斯顿来说，这意味着走近那位女士，告诉她她的谈话让其他乘客感到沮丧，并礼貌地要求她说话声音小一些，或者另找时间打个电话。mean doing sth.意味着做某事。故填approaching。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们对陌生人粗鲁行为的愤怒和不公正会驱使我们做一些奇怪的事情。固定短语drive sb to do驱使某人做某事。故填to do。
【8题详解】
考查时态。句意：人们的报复行为从荒谬到令人不安。根据定语从句中的动词had taken可分析这是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填ranged。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：但是，我们可以优雅地处理它，不带任何攻击性，我们自己也不粗鲁。结合句意，这里用反身代词。主语是we，所以用ourselves。故填ourselves。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意：因为一旦粗鲁的人可以通过别人的眼睛看到自己的行为，他们就更有可能自己结束冲突。名词the eyes of others前用介词。分析句意可知，这里是表达通过别人的眼睛看自己的行为，所以用介词through。故填through。
Section B
Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accepting B. apparent C. deafening D. desire AB. ironically AC. occasionally AD. presence BC. re-experience BD. release CD. remain ABC. stillness
The Quietest Place on Earth
My quest started when I was in the New York subway. My children were crying, four trains came screaming into the station at once and I put my hands over my ears – the noise was ___11___ . In cities, the ever-present dull background roar of planes, cars, machinery and voices is a fact of life. In an attempt to ___12___some peace, I decided to go on a mission to find the quietest place on earth; to discover whether absolute silence exists. The place I was most excited about visiting was the anechoic chamber (吸波暗室) at Orfield Laboratories in Minnesota. It is the quietest place on earth – 99.9 % sound-absorbent.
But ___13___ , far from being peaceful, most people find its perfect quiet upsetting. The ___14___of sound means things are working; it’s business as usual – when sound is absent, that signals breakdown.
I booked a 45-minute session – no one had managed to ___15___ in for that long before. When the heavy door shut behind me, I was plunged into darkness (lights can make a noise). For the first few seconds, being in such a quiet place felt like paradise. I tried to hear something and heard … nothing.
Then, after a minute or two, I became aware of the sound of my breathing, so I held my breath. My heartbeat became ___16___ -- nothing I could do about that. Then I stopped thinking about what bodily functions I could hear and began to enjoy it. I didn’t feel afraid and came out only because my time was up. Everyone was impressed that I’d beaten the record, but having spent so long searching for quiet, I was comfortable with the feeling of absolute ___17___ . Afterwards I felt wonderfully rested and calm.
My ___18___for silence changed my life. I found that making space for moments of quiet in my day is the key to happiness – they give you a chance to think about what you want in life. If you can ___19___ become master of your own sound environment – from turning off the TV to moving to the country, as I did – you become a lot more ___20___of the noises of everyday life.
【11~20题答案】
【答案】11. C 12. BC 13. AB 14. AD 15. CD 16. B 17. ABC 18. D
19. AC 20. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去寻找最安静的地方，在长时间的安静之后获得了放松和平静。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我的孩子们在哭，四列火车同时尖叫着进站，我把手捂在耳朵上——噪音震耳欲聋。根据上文“My children were crying, four trains came screaming into the station at once”可知，孩子们在哭，四列火车同时进站，所以噪音是非常大的，空处可填形容词作表语，deafening是形容词，表示“震耳欲聋的”，符合句意。故选C项。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了重新体验一些平静，我决定去寻找地球上最安静的地方；去发现是否存在绝对的寂静。根据后文“I decided to go on a mission to find the quietest place on earth”可知，作者决定去寻找地球上最安静的地方，这是为了重新体验平静，re-experience是动词，表示“重新体验”，符合句意，不定式符号to后用动词原形。故选BC项。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：但具有讽刺意味的是，大多数人并没有感到平静，反而发现它的完美宁静令人心烦。根据语境，大多数人在最安静的地方没有感到平静，却感到心烦，这是具有讽刺意味的，空处修饰整个句子作状语，副词ironically表示“具有讽刺意味的是”，符合句意。故选AB项。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：声音的存在意味着事物在运转；一切照旧——当声音消失，那表示了崩溃。根据后文“when sound is absent, that signals breakdown.”可知，当声音消失，那表示了崩溃，所以空处表示声音“存在”意味着事物运转，presence是名词，表示“存在”，符合句意，抽象名词不可数。故选AD项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：我预定了45分钟的一场——之前没有人能设法在里面待那么久。根据语境，此处表示作者预定的45分钟时间很长，之前没有人能做到在里面停留那么久，manage to do sth.表示“设法完成某事”，remain是动词，表示“停留”，符合句意。故选CD项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我心跳变得明显——对此我无能为力。根据上文“after a minute or two, I became aware of the sound of my breathing”可知，在安静的环境下，作者开始意识到自己的呼吸声，屏住呼吸之后，心跳会变得明显，apparent是形容词，表示“显然的，明显的”，符合句意。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：每个人都对我打破记录印象深刻，但在花了这么长时间寻找安静之后，我对绝对安静的感觉感到很舒服。根据上文“Then I stopped thinking about what bodily functions I could hear and began to enjoy it.”可知，作者在享受安静的感觉，所以此处表示作者对于绝对安静的感觉感到很舒服，stillness是名词，表示“安静”，符合句意，抽象名词，不可数。故选ABC项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：我对寂静的渴望改变了我的生活。根据语境，前文描述了作者努力寻找最安静的地方，所以此处表示作者对于寂静的渴望，desire是名词，表示“渴望”，符合句意。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：如果你能偶尔成为自己声音环境的主人——从关掉电视到像我一样搬到乡下——你就会更能接受日常生活中的噪音。根据后文“from turning off the TV to moving to the country”可知，此处表示偶尔关掉电视，搬到乡下，偶尔成为自己声音环境的主人，空处应用副词修饰动词become，occasionally是副词，表示“偶尔”，符合句意。故选AC项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果你能偶尔成为自己声音环境的主人——从关掉电视到像我一样搬到乡下——你就会更能接受日常生活中的噪音。根据句意，如果能偶尔成为自己声音环境的主人，对于日常生活中的噪音就会更能接受，accepting是动词，表示“接受”，故选A项。
上海市实验学校 2021 学年第二学期高三四月线上考
Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
U.S. researchers have found traces of an ancient lake on Mars recently, increasing hopes of discovering evidence ____1____ billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.
“The lake appears _____2_____ (cover) as much as 80 square miles and was up to 1,500 feet deep,” said the team from the University of Colorado.
“This is the first clear evidence of shorelines on the surface of Mars,” said Boulder’s research associate, Gaetano Di Achille, in a study published in the latest edition of Geophysical Research Letters.
“The identification of the shorelines and _____3_____ (accompany) geological evidence allow us to calculate the size and volume of the lake, which probably _____4_____ (date) from some 3.4 billion years ago.”
Analysis of the images has shown that the water carved out the canyon in which it was found, ____5____ then opened out into a valley depositing sediment(沉积物)which formed a delta. “Finding shorelines is a great discovery to us,” said assistant professor Brian Hynek, adding it showed that the lake ____6____ (exist) at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry.
The science field believes that the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era ____7____ (know) as the Noachan epoch, about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago.
The newly discovered lake is believed to date from the Hsperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars ____8____ 300 million years, according to the study. Scientists believe deltas next to the lake ____9____ hold secrets about past life on Mars _____10_____ such places on Earth have become the natural deposits of organic carbon and other markers of life.
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. that 2. to have covered 3. accompanying 4. dates 5. which
6. existed 7. known 8. by 9. may/might/can/could 10. because/as/since
【解析】
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。介绍了此次火星上关于湖泊的惊喜发现。
【1题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：美国研究人员日前在火星上发现了一个古老湖泊的痕迹。这使人们在该红色星球上发现数十亿年前生命迹象的希望大大增强。空前evidence（证据）是一个名词，后面从句结构完整，这里是对evidence的解释说明，所以是同位语从句，从句结构完整，故填that。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个湖似乎占地有80平方英里，深达1500英尺。固定搭配appear to do 译为“似乎，好像做某事”；再根据下文“lake, which probably dates from some 3.4 billion years ago.”（这个湖可能已经距今34亿年了）可知，这个湖现在还在，已经持续了很久了，符合动词不定式完成时态用法，故填to have covered。
【3题详解】
考查形容词。句意：湖岸线以及其它地质证据的发现，使我们可以计算湖泊的大小和容积。这个湖泊距今约有34亿年历史。accompany（伴随）是一个动词，在句中没有能和它搭配的逻辑主语，所以这里要考虑其它词性。后面的geological evidence（地质证据）是名词，那么这里需要有一个形容词来修饰。故填accompanying。
【4题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：湖岸线以及其它地质证据的发现，使我们可以计算湖泊的大小和容积。这个湖泊距今约有34亿年历史。从句缺少主语，主语主句中的lake（湖），这里是单数形式；再根据本句主句用的是一般现在时态，而且讲述的是一个事实，所以从句也使用一般现在时态，故填dates。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：对成像的分析显示，水流冲刷出了一条溪谷，这条溪谷与一个山谷相连，流水沉积物还形成一个的三角洲。从句结构不完整，缺失主语，前面有逗号，这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是canyon（溪谷）是指代物的，故填which。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意：研究表明湖泊存在于人们所认为的火星寒冷干旱期。exist（存在）是一个动词，从句中的主句没有谓语动词，所以这里需要谓语动词形式。主句时态是一般过去时态，所以从句也使用一般过去时态，故填existed。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家认为，火星最古老的表面是在温暖湿润的被称之为Noachan时代形成的，距今约41亿到37亿年。know（知道）是一个动词，从句中已经有了谓语动词formed（形成），所以这里是非谓语动词形式；再根据固定搭配“be known as”译为（作为...而出名）可知，这里需要的是know的过去分词形式，表被动。故填known。
【8题详解】
考查介词。句意：该研究表明，最新发现的这一湖泊是在赫斯伯利亚纪时期形成的，比火星温暖湿润季的结束还晚3亿年。根据上文“The science field believes that the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era known as the Noachan epoch, about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago.”（科学家认为，火星最古老的表面是在温暖湿润的被称之为Noachan时代形成的，距今约41亿到37亿年。）以及“the lake, which probably dates from some 3.4 billion years ago.”（这个湖可能距今34亿年）可知，最古老的表面发现是距今41亿到37亿年，而这个湖泊发现是距今34亿年，所以相比来说还要晚3亿年，固定搭配“by+时间”表示“晚于…”，故填by。
【9题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：科学家认为，湖泊附近的三角洲可能完好地保存有生命存在的秘密，因为地球上类似的三角洲也是有机碳和其它生命标志物的天然寄存地。根据本句句意可知，科学家是进行的推测，所以这里想要表示的是“可能，应该”，故填may/might/can/could。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：科学家认为，湖泊附近的三角洲可能完好地保存有生命存在的秘密，因为地球上类似的三角洲也是有机碳和其它生命标志物的天然寄存地。根据本句句意可知，后面的句子想要说的就是“这个秘密的原因”是什么，所以用连词引导原因状语从句，故填because/as/since。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you