2022届高考英语二轮复习语法学案：并列句和状语从句（含解析）

第九讲　并列句和状语从句
一　并列句
单句语法填空
1．(2020·新高考山东卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big ________ until they died，and then it was given to a museum.
解析：　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，until it got too big和until they died并列，同时结合语境可知，此处表示选择关系，故用连词or。
答案：　or
2．(2020·浙江卷1月)It's also that they are on average healthier ________ more productive for longer.
解析：　考查并列连词。结合句意可知，healthier 和more productive 构成并列关系，故填and。
答案：　and
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I work not because I have to，________because I want to.
解析：　考查连词。not...but...不是……而是……。句意：我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。
答案：　but
4．In much of Asia，especially the so called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，________Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
解析：　此处是顺承关系，所以填and。
答案：　and
5．So，get an early start and try to be as productive________ possible before lunch.
解析：　句意为：因此，早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构as...as possible意为“尽可能……”，第二个as为连词。
答案：　as
用法 连词 例句
表并列、递进或顺承关系　 and，both...and...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，as well as During the first three years，children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home and at school.在前3年，孩子们学会了以后在家里和在学校学习中所需要用的基本技能。
表转折关系　 but，yet，nevertheless What we are about to do is perfectly legal.But please don’t discuss it with anyone.我们要做的事完全合法，但请不要与任何人讨论这件事。
表选择关系　 either...or...，not...but...，or，or else，rather than Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。
表因果关系　 for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)，so He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。
and与or用于并列句 祈使句＋and＋陈述句，and表顺承 Find ways to praise your children often，and you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。
祈使句＋or＋陈述句，or表转折
表对比 while强调对比关系，意为“然而；而” I like English while my little sister is fond of art.我喜欢英语而我的妹妹热爱艺术。
(单句语法填空)
1．(2020·昆明市高三“三诊一模”)When customers buy these products，which are labeled “Social Plastic” ，they know that they are both helping people in other parts of the world ________ keeping plastic out of the ocean.
解析：　考查连词。根据该句中的“both”可知，此处考查both...and...“不仅……而且……”固定搭配，故用连词and。
答案：　and
2．(2021·邯郸市一模)Life isn't perfect and it's always hard，________ we need reminders in our life from friends，authors，bloggers，pastors or our inner spirits to refocus on the things that matter and make us live positively.
解析：　考查连词。句意：生活并不完美，而且总是充满艰辛，因此我们在生活中需要朋友、作家、博主、牧师或者我们自己内心的提醒，从而使自己重新关注那些重要的和可以让我们积极生活的事情。根据句意可知，设空处前后为因果关系。故填so。
答案：　so
3．(2021·武汉市调研)Not only do dark colors look more formal，________ they can hide dirt and wear.
解析：　考查连词。句意：深颜色不仅看起来更加正式，而且还能隐藏污渍和磨损。not only...but(also)...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，also可以省略，故填but。
答案：　but
4．(2021·青岛市质量检测)Scullin found students who slept more performed better in two different classes，________ he published his findings in two academic publications last November.
解析：　考查连词。两个分句之间是并列关系，应用并列连词。故填and。
答案：　and
5．(2021·湖北八校第一次联考)This is the custom of China.They are not like us to finish it in one drink，________prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time.
解析：　考查连词。空前表示他们不像我们那样一口喝下，空后表示他们更喜欢一次喝一小口；根据上下文可知，空处前后为转折关系，故用转折连词but。
答案：　but
二　状语从句
单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist，they smiled and pointed down the river.
解析：　考查状语从句。When/As在句中表示“当……时”。
答案：　When/As
2．(2019·天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion________he wants their support.
解析：　考查状语从句。句意：汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见。根据语境可知，这里用从属连词unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。
答案：　unless
3．(2018·北京卷)________we don't stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
解析：　句意为：如果我们不制止气候变化，世界上的很多动物和植物将会死去。本题考查状语从句。根据句意可知，设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故填If。
答案：　If
4．(2018·天津卷)Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend so________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
解析：　句意为：到周末我们再摘这些桃子吧，那样的话它们就变得足够甜，能吃了。本题考查状语从句。由设空处后的内容可判断设空处引导目的状语从句，故答案为that，即so that引导目的状语从句。
答案：　that
5．(2018·江苏卷，29)________you can sleep well，you will lose the ability to focus，plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
解析：　考查状语从句。句意为：如果你睡不好觉的话，一两夜过后你就会无法集中注意力，无法做计划，也无法保持干劲了。根据语境此处考查条件状语从句，unless＝if...not“除非……；如果不……”。
答案：　Unless
6．Over time，________the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
解析：　根据句子间的逻辑关系可知，前句为后句的时间，所以用as/when引导时间状语从句。
答案：　as/when
时间状语从句 when，while，as，since，before，after，till/until，whenever
条件状语从句 if，unless
原因状语从句 because，since
地点状语从句 where
让步状语从句 although/though，while，as/though，whether...or...，no matter，what/when/where...，even if/though
结果状语从句 so/such...that...
While I understand what you said，I can't agree with you.
虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
As is reported，it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
据报道，清华大学已经建立了100多年了。
Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or whenever it is convenient to you.
请打电话告诉我的秘书让她在下午或在你方便的任何时候安排一个会议。
When solving the problem a second time，you'd better be more careful where you made a mistake.
＝When solving the problem a second time，you'd better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.再次解决这个问题时，你最好在上次出错的地方更仔细一些。
My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.
我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。
1．so/such...that...以至于……
2．not...until...“直到……时候才”。
3．It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before...意为“过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就”。
4．It is some time(一段时间)＋since...自从……多长时间。
5．whether...or not...无论……还是……(引导让步状语从句)。
6．when意为“就在这时”，常用于以下句式
was/were doing sth.when...正在做……就在那时……
was about to do sth.when...刚要做……就在那时……
had just done sth.when...刚刚做……就在那时……
hardly...when...刚……就……
Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
＝Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
杰克是个那么诚实的人，我们都相信他。
We'll go on with the work，whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这件工作做下去。
The old man had hardly stepped down from the bus when it started.这位老人刚下汽车，汽车就开走了。
(单句语法填空)
1．(2021·6月济南市高三模拟)The Chinese have such a close relationship with tea ________ they have developed an entire “Tea Culture”．
解析：　考查固定结构。分析该句结构并结合句意可知，该句使用了“such...that...”结构来引导结果状语从句。故用that。
答案：　that
2．(2021·云南省七校高考适应性考试)________ he wants to convey，the writer is expected to be good at summarization and Chinese to produce a couplet with a few characters that is excellent in both content and language.
解析：　考查让步状语从句。无论作者想传达什么，他都得有好的概括力和驾驭汉语的本领。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处所在的句子为让步状语从句，从句中的convey是及物动词，故引导词作convey的宾语，此处表示“无论什么”，故只能填Whatever。
答案：　Whatever
3．(2021·陕西咸阳二模)Researchers have found，in their experiment，that a baby's cries can cause unique emotional responses in the brain，making it impossible for us to ignore them________we are parents or not.
解析：　句意为：研究者们在他们的实验中发现，婴儿啼哭能够引起头脑中独特的情感反应，使得我们不可能忽略他们，无论我们是不是父母。whether...or...可用来引导让步状语从句，意为：“无论……还是……”。
答案：　whether
4．(2021·太原二模)I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate________a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.
解析：　考查连词。hardly...when...意为“一……就……”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用连词when引导时间状语从句。
答案：　when
5．(2021·河南中原名校五次联考)Around 7：30 am，she was lying on her surfboard with her left arm in the water ________a 14 foot long tiger shark attacked her，severing her left arm just below the shoulder.
解析：　句意为：大约在上午七点半左右，她正躺在她的冲浪板上，左臂放在水里，就在那时一条14英尺长的虎鲨袭击了她，咬断了她肩部以下的左臂。be doing sth.when...为固定句型，其中when为并列连词，意为“正在做某事，这/那时突然……”。
答案：　when
6．(2021·福建四校联考)The Great Wall winds its way from west to east，across deserts，over mountains，through valleys________at last it reaches the sea.
解析：　句意为：长城自西向东蜿蜒前进，横穿沙漠，跨过高山，穿过山谷，最终到达大海。设空处引导时间状语从句，意为“直到”，故填till或until。
答案：　till/until