Unit 2 The environment Grammar-课件(共33张PPT)

(共33张PPT)
Grammar
1. To learn the adverbial clauses
of purpose by analyzing some sentences
2. To review the adverbial clauses of
condition, time, comparison, reason,
concession, result &purpose
Objectives
A. Adverbial clauses of purpose
目的状语从句
They organized a lot of activities for me in my spare time so that I wouldn’t miss home or feel lonely.
Mary lent me this book so that I could read about Chinese history.
I exercise every morning so that I will stay healthy.
I gave her my email address so that she could write to me.
Switch on the light so that you can see better.
They organized a lot of activities for me in my spare time ______ I ________ _____ home or feel lonely.
Mary lent me this book _______ I _____ ____ about Chinese history.
I exercise every morning ______ I ____ _____ healthy.
I gave her my email address ______ she ______ _____ to me.
Switch on the light ______ you ____ ____ better.
so that
wouldn’t miss
so that
could
read
so that
will
stay
so that
could write
so that
can see
go
Ready
改写句子，保持句子原意不变。
To keep the rooms clean, we need to
wash pet dogs regularly.
We need to wash pet dogs regularly so that we can keep the rooms clean.
They organized a lot of activities for me in my spare time so that I wouldn’t miss home or feel lonely.
Mary lent me this book so that I could read about Chinese history.
I exercise every morning so that I will stay healthy.
We can use so that + a clause to talk about purpose. This is called an adverbial clause of purpose.
We often use can, may or will (for the present) or could, might or would (for the past) in an adverbial clause of purpose.
Pay attention to the following underlined and circled parts.
目的状语从句用来说明事情发生的目的，通常用so that来引导。
so that引导的目的状语从句中常常含can，may，will或should等情态动词；在谈论过去的句子里，so that 后面的动词通常与could，might，would或should连用。
e.g. You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all.
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.
目的状语从句
当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，so that引导的目的状语从句可以改写成含in order to或so as to的简单句。注意so as to一般不可放在句首。
We practise every day so that we can win the match.
We practise every day in order to win the match.
In order to win the match, we practise every day.
We practise every day so as to win the match.
so
连接并列句
表示逻辑结果 前面可加逗号与前半句隔开
so that 引导目的状语从句 表示目的 前面不可以加逗号
It was raining, so I took an umbrella.
I took an umbrella so that I would not get wet.
so that引导的目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别
目的状语从句中一般含有情态动词can/could，may/might，will/would，should，而结果状语从句中则没有。
I ran as fast as possible so that I could catch that bus. (目的)
I ran as fast as possible so that I caught that bus. (结果)
In pairs, ask and answer questions about the pictures below. Follow the example. (P 23)
A
S1: Why is he sunbathing
S2: He’s sunbathing so that
he can get browner.
S1: Why is he wearing a coat
S2: He’s wearing a coat so that
he can keep warm.
S1: Why is she taking a taxi
S2: She’s taking a taxi so
that she can get to the
airport on time.
S1: Why is he exercising
S2: He’s exercising so that
he can keep fit.
They organized a lot of activities for me in my spare time so that I wouldn’t miss home or feel lonely.
汉译英。
他们在我空闲的时候给我安排了很多活动，这样我就不会想家，也不会觉得孤单了。
B. Review of adverbial clauses
状语从句在句子中作状语。状语从句可以表示条件、时间、比较、原因、让步、结果和目的等。
状语从句
条件状语从句常用的连接词主要有if, unless, as long as等。如：
If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard.
As long as you take my advice, you will do very well.
注意：
通常情况下， 由if, unless或as long as引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句谓语动词用一般将来时。
在叙述自然法则时常用if从句表示前提，没有时间性，这时主句谓语动词也用一般现在时。
时间状语从句常用的连接词主要有：
when, while和as 如：
When he came in, I was listening to the radio.
As I was walking down the street, I met her.
While/As I was watching TV, my mum was cooking in the kitchen.
注意：
表示“当……时候”的意思时，如果主句和从句的动作同时发生且都是进行时态，只能用while或as。在其他情况下，when, while和as可以通用。
before, after, since和until (till) 如：
He usually drinks a cup of tea before he goes to work.
My mother goes to work after she has breakfast.
I have not seen Jim since I graduated from high school.
I will wait here until (till) you finish your job.
as soon as 如：
As soon as she finishes her homework, she will go to play tennis.
比较状语从句常用的连接词有as … as和(not) so … as等。如：
Mrs Smith is as friendly as Mr Smith (is).
Jane does not sing so well as her elder sister (does).
结果状语从句常用的连接词有so … that和such … that等。如：
He ran so fast that we couldn’t keep up with him.
She is such a nice teacher that all of us love her.
原因状语从句常用的连接词有because, as和since等。如：
Tom was late for school this morning because he didn’t catch the early bus.
I can’t go to Beijing on business as my mother is ill.
Since all of us agree about this plan, we will carry it out next week.
注意：在这三个连接词中，because语气最强，since次之，as最弱；because, as, since引导的从句可在主句前面或后面。此外，它们不能与so出现在同一句中。
让步状语从句常用的连接词有although, though等。如：
Although/Though I gave him some advice, he didn’t take it.
Although/Though he worked hard, he still failed the Maths exam.
注意：although 和though的用法相近，都不可与but连用，但可与still, yet等连用。
目的状语从句常用的连接词有so that, in order that等。如：
Cherry was walking quickly so that/ in order that she could arrive at the cinema in time.
注意：通常情况下，so that相当于in order that。
if
before
so that
As
while
A
1 I exercise a lot.
2 I have lived in London.
3 Lucy is good at art.
4 He raised his voice.
Your parents will be proud of you.
B
A I was three years old.
B I want to lose weight.
C Everybody could hear him.
D She won the school painting competition.
E You win the game.
because if since so…that so that
1. I exercise a lot because I want to lose weight.
2. I have lived in London since I was three years old.
3. Lucy is so good at art that she won the school painting competition.
4. He raised his voice so that everybody could hear him.
5. Your parents will be proud of you if you win the game.
You will end up in hospital ___ you do not give up smoking.
He was ___ excited ____ he could not say a word at that moment.
— I’m going to the US next month.
—______ you’re there, can you buy me a digital camera
I.选择方框中的连接词补全句子。
if
so that
although because so that unless while as…as if so…that
until as soon as since when
such … that
While
4. You will not lose weight _____ you go on a diet and exercise every day.
5. _________ Peter finished his homework, he jumped onto his bike and rode off to the beach.
6. ____ you know fresh vegetables are good for health, you should eat them more.
unless
As soon as
Since
although because so that unless while as…as if so…that
until as soon as since when
such … that
7. Do not worry. I will be with you ____ your mother comes back from work.
8. The cyclist(骑自行车的人) held his raincoat tightly ______ the wind couldn’t blow it away.
9. Mary was late for the party ______ there was something wrong with the car.
10. I do not want to go to bed ________ I am very tired.
until
so that
although because so that unless while as…as if so…that
until as soon as since when
such … that
because
although
11. _____ I saw the national flag rising at the Beijing Olympic Games, I felt really proud of China.
12. It is ____ an interesting book ____ I have read it ten times.
13. Every month I spend ___ much pocket money ___ my sister does.
When
such
that
as
as
although because so that unless while as…as if so…that
until as soon as since when
such … that
Homework
1. Review the grammar we’ve learned today.
2. Finish the exercises in Learning English.
3. Preview Speaking on page 26.