牛津译林版高中英语习语和短语280条汇总 学案
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版高中英语习语和短语280条汇总 学案 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-06-04 17:00:51 | ||
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牛津译林版高中英语习语和短语280条汇总
模块一
1.
2. a piece of cake.—something easy to do
3. a wet blanket –boring/afraid to have fun
4. all ears—listening carefully
5. pull one’s leg –-joke with sb
6. have green fingers—be good at gardening
7. the top dog—an important person in an organization
8. give sb the cold shoulder –be not friendly to sb
9. rain dogs and rats –rain heavily
10. not my cap of tea—not really to one’s taste
模块六
11.
12. as strong as a horse—very strong
13. as busy as a bee –very busy
14. as poor as a church mouse –very poor
15. as cool as a cucumber –very calm
16. sleep like a log –sleep very deeply
模块九
17. white as a sheet –pale because of pale
18. tickled pink—delighted; very pleased
19. in the red--- in debt
20. in the black—having money in the bank account
21. feel blue –unhappy; sad
22. green with envy—jealous
23. feet of clay—a hidden weakness in somebody whom we admire or respect
24. see the handwriting on the wall –see signs that disaster is coming
25. kill the fatted calf –have a large celebration
26. you reap what you sow –our small kindnesses often bring us rich rewards, while our small offence can bring disasters.
27. the apple of somebody’s eye—a child who is loved very much by his or her parents.
模块十一
28. be a weed—weak and not brave
29. as hungry as a lion—wanting something very much
30. as sharp as a spear—very clever
31. black is white and white is black—things appear different
32. cast-iron nerves – a very strong will
33. as sly as a fox—clever at tricking others
34. eat like a bird – eat very little
35. as tall as a tree—very tall
36. at the drop of a hat—immediately
37. know the ropes—to know how to do something
38. child’s play—an easy job
39. see eye to eye –to have the same opinion as someone else
40. a feather in one’s cap—something that you can be proud of
41. on a shoestring –having very little money
42. Don’t count your chickens until they are hatched. --Don’t count on something going well until it happens.
牛津英语教材中的短语
模块一
1. along with 与……一起
2. as a matter of fact 事实上，其实
3. as if 好像，似乎
4. at present 现在
5. be supposed to 应该……,应当
6. can’t wait to do something 迫不及待地做某事
7. in charge of 负责，掌管
8. go on a diet 节食
9. side effect 副作用
10. fall out （头发等）脱落
11. be fond of 喜爱，喜欢
12. for free 免费
13. get into shape 强身健体
14. be hard on 对……苛刻，对……严厉
15. in the long term 从长远角度看
16. insist on 坚持，坚持认为
17. look back on 回忆，回顾
18. make the most of 充分利用
19. make use of 利用
20. mix up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和
21. now that 既然；由于
22. opening hours 开放时间
23. stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
24. work out 锻炼
模块二
25. in advance 提前，预先
26. be in control of sth 掌管，控制（某物）
27. belong to 属于
e across （偶然）遇见；发现
29. dozens of 许多，很多
30. due to 由于，因为
31. in case 万一
32. look into 调查
33. look up to 敬佩
34. make one’s way to 前往，到……去
35. make up 编造，杜撰；构成
36. result in 导致，结果是……
37. set sail 启航
38. show up 出现，现身
39. tourist spot 旅游景点
40. step up 加紧，加强，促进
41. take charge of 负责，掌管
42. up close 靠近地
模块三
43. as a whole 作为整体，总体上
44. aside from 除……之外
45. be made up of 由……组成（构成）
e down with 患（病）
47. consist of 由……组成（构成）
48. differ from 和……不同，不同于
49. in memory of 纪念
50. in sight 看得到，在视力范围内
51. lead to 导致
52. mother tongue 母语，本国语
53. name after 以……命名
54. no doubt 无疑，确实
55. ought to 应当，应该
56. reach out 伸出（手）
57. rise up against 起义，反抗
58. roll up 卷起来
59. stand for 代表，象征
60. stand in one’s path 阻碍（某人）
61. take control of 控制，取得对……的控制
62. take over 夺取； 接管
63. the Norman Conquest 诺曼征服
64. the Renaissance 文艺复兴
65. watch out for 留心，密切注意
66. wish for 期望，企盼
模块四
67. add to 使增强，使增加，使扩大
68. appeal to 吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁
69. as to 至于，关于
70. be meant to 旨在，目的是
71. deal with 涉及，关于；处理，应付
72. die from 死于……
73. even if/though 虽然，即使
74. fall for 上……的当，受……的骗
75. figure out 弄清楚，弄懂；计算出
76. get something across 把……表达清楚
77. hang on （在逆境中）坚持
78. in honour of 为向……表示敬意
79. last but not least 最后但同样重要的
80. lead the way 领先
81. make way for 给……让路，让位于……
82. pass something on to sb. 转交，传给，递给
83. put forward 提出，提议
84. play tricks on 欺骗；捉弄
模块五
85. amusement park 游乐场
86. be based on 以……为基础，以……为根据
87. be/get burnt out 耗尽体力，累垮
88. before long 不久，很快
89. clean up 打扫（或清除）干净
90. take…into consideration 认真考虑
91. do one’s part 尽自己的职责
92. in favor of 赞同，支持
93. follow in one’s footsteps 效仿某人
94. for sale 供出售，待销售
95. genetically modified 转基因的
96. get through （用电话）接通
97. in/ with regard to 关于，至于
98. let off 排放
99. on the one hand… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面……
100. open the floor 自由发言
101. keep pace with （与……）步调一致，（与……）同步
102. in particular 尤其，特别
103. pick out 找出，挑选
104. point of view 观点
105. push ahead with 义无返顾的进行，努力推进
106. queue up 排队等候
107. raw material 原材料
108. regardless of 不管，不顾
109. public relations 公共关系
110. rely on 依靠，依赖
111. run out (of) 用完，耗尽
112. spy on 暗中监视，窥探
113. thanks to 幸亏，由于
114. toy with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当做儿戏
115. under way 进行中
116. use up 用尽
模块六
117. in addition 除……以外（还）， 此外
118. have affection for 喜爱，钟爱
119. apart from 远离，和……不在一起；除了
120. at that point 在那时；在那个阶段
121. break down 出故障； 抛锚
122. burst in 闯进；突然闯入
123. in chaos 处于混乱状态
e up with 想出；拿出
125. draw sb’s attention to 使（某人）察觉到
126. drive away 赶走；驱赶
127. get hold of 得到；抓住
128. glare at 对……怒目而视
129. go after 追求；谋求
130. have power over 控制，支配
131. head for 朝……方向（地方）行进，前往
132. hold out 递出；拿出；伸出
133. if only 但愿
134. in good spirits 心情好
135. let alone 更不用说
136. make a difference 有作用（关系、影响）
137. make fun of 拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄
138. make room for 为…….腾出地方
139. on one’s own 独自，单独；独立地
140. pass away 去世，亡故
141. remind sb of 使某人想起……,提醒某人
142. running water 自来水
143. in a rush 匆忙地，急切地
144. show sb around 带某人参观、游览
145. stand up for 支持，维护
146. take on 接纳
147. take up 占据（时间、空间）
148. think back to 回想
149. trip over 绊倒
150. under the umbrella of 在……的保护下，在……的管理下
模块七
151. arise from 起因于，由……引起
152. a bunch of 一串，一束；大量，大批
b (through) sth 仔细搜寻
154. at someone’s command 受某人支配
155. decide on/upon 决定，选定
156. drop off 中途下客或卸货
157. drop out 退学，辍学；退出，脱离
158. fill in 填写（表格）；消磨（时间）
159. for good measure 额外
160. a handful of 少数的，少量的
161. heart attack 心脏病发作
162. at (…) intervals 每隔……距离或时间
163. keep in touch with 与……保持练习
164. let out 放出，发出
165. link up 联合，连接
166. mass production 批量生产
167. operating theatre 手术室
168. put off 推迟，推延；使反感
169. put through 给某人接通（电话）；使经历
170. speed up （使）加速
171. split up 分组，分解；分离
172. subscribe to 同意，赞成
173. swell up 肿胀，膨胀
174. text message （手机）短信
175. traffic jam 堵车，交通堵塞
176. try out 测试，试验；参加选拔
177. turn to sb/sth 向……求助
178. turn up 出现，到来；调高（音量等）
179. up to date 最新的； 现代的；时髦的
180. wear sb out 使筋疲力尽；使厌烦
181. what is more 更有甚者，更为重要的是
182. wind up 上发条
模块八
183. acute angle 锐角
184. ask for sb’s hand in marriage （向女方）求婚
185. at first sight 初次见面；乍一看
186. be off to 动身去……
187. bent on (doing ) sth 决心做某事（通常指坏事）
188. brand new 全新的，崭新的
189. break up 破裂，解散；破碎
190. broken heart 破碎的心，哀恸
191. be condemned to sth 被处以某种刑罚
192. cut sth out (of sth) 剪出，剪下
193. cut up 切碎
194. fall in love 相爱，醉如爱河
195. give thought to 认真考虑，思考
196. have a go(at) 试一试
197. in defence of 为……辩护；防卫
198. be intended to be/ do sth 目的是作为某物，目的是做某事
199. lay out 布置，设计；铺开，展开
200. live up to 达到，符合（期望）
201. on the run 躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波
202. come to one’s rescue 救援某人，帮助某人
203. show off 炫耀，卖弄
204. spring up 突然兴起，迅速出现
205. touch on 谈及，涉及
206. in tune 音调准确；演奏和调
207. upwards of 在……以上，大于，超过
208. worn out 破烂不堪的，破旧的；精疲力尽的
模块九
209. be charged with 被控犯有……罪
210. by and by 不久，过一会儿
211. catch on 受欢迎，流行
212. be centred around /centre around 围绕，以……为中心
213. count on 依靠，依赖
214. date back to 追溯到，始于
215. get one’s way 随心所欲
216. hire sb out 打工，受雇于人
217. in terms of 在……方面，从……方面来说
218. little more than 只是……而已，仅仅
219. on behalf of 代表某人，代替某人
220. at random 随机，随意
221. seek one’s fortune 外出寻找（成功或发财）机会
222. sentence sb to death 判处某人死刑
223. split off from 脱离，分离
模块十
224. at a crossroads 处于关键时刻
225. at best 充其量，至多
226. bank account 银行账户
227. be on the move 迁移中，行进中
228. beyond doubt 毫无疑问
229. burst on the scene 突然出现
230. case study 案例研究
231. catch up on 补上，补做
232. cater to sb/sth 迎合，满足需要
233. a guilty conscience 内疚，问心有愧
234. make the headlines 成为重要新闻
235. intellectual property 知识财产
236. join forces （与……）合作，联合
237. make sense 是明智的；是有道理的
238. on top of 除……之外；在……上面（方）
239. one’s (own) flesh and blood 亲骨肉，亲人
240. prescription medicine/drug 处方药
241. push for sth 迫切要求，反复争取
242. put into effect 使生效，实施
243. put pressure on sb (to do sth) 促使，迫使，
244. put sth into practice 把……付诸实施
245. turn into 变成
246. wipe away 消除，去除
247. word of mouth 口口相传，口碑
248. work of art 艺术品
模块十一
249. make allowance(s) for 考虑到
250. as easy as pie 十分容易，轻而易举
251. as for 至于，关于
252. capital punishment 死刑
253. catch-22 第二十二条军规（指让人左右为难的规定或处境）
254. correctional facility 监狱
255. covering letter 附信（与某物一起寄出）
256. dive (right )in 热切地开始做某事
257. be economical with the truth 有所隐瞒
258. fold up 折叠，对折
259. follow sth up 采取后续行动，跟进
260. for the taking 供自由取用
261. gap year 生活实践年
262. give sb the edge 使某人略占优势
263. go about 忙于某事；继续做某事
264. have butterflies in one’s stomach 心慌，紧张
265. land on one’s feet 安然脱困，化险为夷
266. look sb in the eye(s) 直视某人，正视某人
267. off the top of one’s head 为多加思考地，脱口而出地
268. death penalty 死刑
269. pull out 退出，脱离
270. put out 公布，广播，出版
271. put sth away 积蓄，攒钱；把……放回原处
272. put together 组装；汇集
273. in response to 作为对……的回应，答复
274. scratch the surface 隔靴搔痒，只触及问题的表面或一小部分
275. shrink from (doing ) sth 回避（困难等）
276. take off 快速成功，突然流行
277. take pleasure in 从……中获得乐趣
278. the last minute/moment 最后一刻
279. throw sb into 投身于，积极从事
280. tire of 对……感到厌倦
模块一
1.
2. a piece of cake.—something easy to do
3. a wet blanket –boring/afraid to have fun
4. all ears—listening carefully
5. pull one’s leg –-joke with sb
6. have green fingers—be good at gardening
7. the top dog—an important person in an organization
8. give sb the cold shoulder –be not friendly to sb
9. rain dogs and rats –rain heavily
10. not my cap of tea—not really to one’s taste
模块六
11.
12. as strong as a horse—very strong
13. as busy as a bee –very busy
14. as poor as a church mouse –very poor
15. as cool as a cucumber –very calm
16. sleep like a log –sleep very deeply
模块九
17. white as a sheet –pale because of pale
18. tickled pink—delighted; very pleased
19. in the red--- in debt
20. in the black—having money in the bank account
21. feel blue –unhappy; sad
22. green with envy—jealous
23. feet of clay—a hidden weakness in somebody whom we admire or respect
24. see the handwriting on the wall –see signs that disaster is coming
25. kill the fatted calf –have a large celebration
26. you reap what you sow –our small kindnesses often bring us rich rewards, while our small offence can bring disasters.
27. the apple of somebody’s eye—a child who is loved very much by his or her parents.
模块十一
28. be a weed—weak and not brave
29. as hungry as a lion—wanting something very much
30. as sharp as a spear—very clever
31. black is white and white is black—things appear different
32. cast-iron nerves – a very strong will
33. as sly as a fox—clever at tricking others
34. eat like a bird – eat very little
35. as tall as a tree—very tall
36. at the drop of a hat—immediately
37. know the ropes—to know how to do something
38. child’s play—an easy job
39. see eye to eye –to have the same opinion as someone else
40. a feather in one’s cap—something that you can be proud of
41. on a shoestring –having very little money
42. Don’t count your chickens until they are hatched. --Don’t count on something going well until it happens.
牛津英语教材中的短语
模块一
1. along with 与……一起
2. as a matter of fact 事实上，其实
3. as if 好像，似乎
4. at present 现在
5. be supposed to 应该……,应当
6. can’t wait to do something 迫不及待地做某事
7. in charge of 负责，掌管
8. go on a diet 节食
9. side effect 副作用
10. fall out （头发等）脱落
11. be fond of 喜爱，喜欢
12. for free 免费
13. get into shape 强身健体
14. be hard on 对……苛刻，对……严厉
15. in the long term 从长远角度看
16. insist on 坚持，坚持认为
17. look back on 回忆，回顾
18. make the most of 充分利用
19. make use of 利用
20. mix up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和
21. now that 既然；由于
22. opening hours 开放时间
23. stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
24. work out 锻炼
模块二
25. in advance 提前，预先
26. be in control of sth 掌管，控制（某物）
27. belong to 属于
e across （偶然）遇见；发现
29. dozens of 许多，很多
30. due to 由于，因为
31. in case 万一
32. look into 调查
33. look up to 敬佩
34. make one’s way to 前往，到……去
35. make up 编造，杜撰；构成
36. result in 导致，结果是……
37. set sail 启航
38. show up 出现，现身
39. tourist spot 旅游景点
40. step up 加紧，加强，促进
41. take charge of 负责，掌管
42. up close 靠近地
模块三
43. as a whole 作为整体，总体上
44. aside from 除……之外
45. be made up of 由……组成（构成）
e down with 患（病）
47. consist of 由……组成（构成）
48. differ from 和……不同，不同于
49. in memory of 纪念
50. in sight 看得到，在视力范围内
51. lead to 导致
52. mother tongue 母语，本国语
53. name after 以……命名
54. no doubt 无疑，确实
55. ought to 应当，应该
56. reach out 伸出（手）
57. rise up against 起义，反抗
58. roll up 卷起来
59. stand for 代表，象征
60. stand in one’s path 阻碍（某人）
61. take control of 控制，取得对……的控制
62. take over 夺取； 接管
63. the Norman Conquest 诺曼征服
64. the Renaissance 文艺复兴
65. watch out for 留心，密切注意
66. wish for 期望，企盼
模块四
67. add to 使增强，使增加，使扩大
68. appeal to 吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁
69. as to 至于，关于
70. be meant to 旨在，目的是
71. deal with 涉及，关于；处理，应付
72. die from 死于……
73. even if/though 虽然，即使
74. fall for 上……的当，受……的骗
75. figure out 弄清楚，弄懂；计算出
76. get something across 把……表达清楚
77. hang on （在逆境中）坚持
78. in honour of 为向……表示敬意
79. last but not least 最后但同样重要的
80. lead the way 领先
81. make way for 给……让路，让位于……
82. pass something on to sb. 转交，传给，递给
83. put forward 提出，提议
84. play tricks on 欺骗；捉弄
模块五
85. amusement park 游乐场
86. be based on 以……为基础，以……为根据
87. be/get burnt out 耗尽体力，累垮
88. before long 不久，很快
89. clean up 打扫（或清除）干净
90. take…into consideration 认真考虑
91. do one’s part 尽自己的职责
92. in favor of 赞同，支持
93. follow in one’s footsteps 效仿某人
94. for sale 供出售，待销售
95. genetically modified 转基因的
96. get through （用电话）接通
97. in/ with regard to 关于，至于
98. let off 排放
99. on the one hand… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面……
100. open the floor 自由发言
101. keep pace with （与……）步调一致，（与……）同步
102. in particular 尤其，特别
103. pick out 找出，挑选
104. point of view 观点
105. push ahead with 义无返顾的进行，努力推进
106. queue up 排队等候
107. raw material 原材料
108. regardless of 不管，不顾
109. public relations 公共关系
110. rely on 依靠，依赖
111. run out (of) 用完，耗尽
112. spy on 暗中监视，窥探
113. thanks to 幸亏，由于
114. toy with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当做儿戏
115. under way 进行中
116. use up 用尽
模块六
117. in addition 除……以外（还）， 此外
118. have affection for 喜爱，钟爱
119. apart from 远离，和……不在一起；除了
120. at that point 在那时；在那个阶段
121. break down 出故障； 抛锚
122. burst in 闯进；突然闯入
123. in chaos 处于混乱状态
e up with 想出；拿出
125. draw sb’s attention to 使（某人）察觉到
126. drive away 赶走；驱赶
127. get hold of 得到；抓住
128. glare at 对……怒目而视
129. go after 追求；谋求
130. have power over 控制，支配
131. head for 朝……方向（地方）行进，前往
132. hold out 递出；拿出；伸出
133. if only 但愿
134. in good spirits 心情好
135. let alone 更不用说
136. make a difference 有作用（关系、影响）
137. make fun of 拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄
138. make room for 为…….腾出地方
139. on one’s own 独自，单独；独立地
140. pass away 去世，亡故
141. remind sb of 使某人想起……,提醒某人
142. running water 自来水
143. in a rush 匆忙地，急切地
144. show sb around 带某人参观、游览
145. stand up for 支持，维护
146. take on 接纳
147. take up 占据（时间、空间）
148. think back to 回想
149. trip over 绊倒
150. under the umbrella of 在……的保护下，在……的管理下
模块七
151. arise from 起因于，由……引起
152. a bunch of 一串，一束；大量，大批
b (through) sth 仔细搜寻
154. at someone’s command 受某人支配
155. decide on/upon 决定，选定
156. drop off 中途下客或卸货
157. drop out 退学，辍学；退出，脱离
158. fill in 填写（表格）；消磨（时间）
159. for good measure 额外
160. a handful of 少数的，少量的
161. heart attack 心脏病发作
162. at (…) intervals 每隔……距离或时间
163. keep in touch with 与……保持练习
164. let out 放出，发出
165. link up 联合，连接
166. mass production 批量生产
167. operating theatre 手术室
168. put off 推迟，推延；使反感
169. put through 给某人接通（电话）；使经历
170. speed up （使）加速
171. split up 分组，分解；分离
172. subscribe to 同意，赞成
173. swell up 肿胀，膨胀
174. text message （手机）短信
175. traffic jam 堵车，交通堵塞
176. try out 测试，试验；参加选拔
177. turn to sb/sth 向……求助
178. turn up 出现，到来；调高（音量等）
179. up to date 最新的； 现代的；时髦的
180. wear sb out 使筋疲力尽；使厌烦
181. what is more 更有甚者，更为重要的是
182. wind up 上发条
模块八
183. acute angle 锐角
184. ask for sb’s hand in marriage （向女方）求婚
185. at first sight 初次见面；乍一看
186. be off to 动身去……
187. bent on (doing ) sth 决心做某事（通常指坏事）
188. brand new 全新的，崭新的
189. break up 破裂，解散；破碎
190. broken heart 破碎的心，哀恸
191. be condemned to sth 被处以某种刑罚
192. cut sth out (of sth) 剪出，剪下
193. cut up 切碎
194. fall in love 相爱，醉如爱河
195. give thought to 认真考虑，思考
196. have a go(at) 试一试
197. in defence of 为……辩护；防卫
198. be intended to be/ do sth 目的是作为某物，目的是做某事
199. lay out 布置，设计；铺开，展开
200. live up to 达到，符合（期望）
201. on the run 躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波
202. come to one’s rescue 救援某人，帮助某人
203. show off 炫耀，卖弄
204. spring up 突然兴起，迅速出现
205. touch on 谈及，涉及
206. in tune 音调准确；演奏和调
207. upwards of 在……以上，大于，超过
208. worn out 破烂不堪的，破旧的；精疲力尽的
模块九
209. be charged with 被控犯有……罪
210. by and by 不久，过一会儿
211. catch on 受欢迎，流行
212. be centred around /centre around 围绕，以……为中心
213. count on 依靠，依赖
214. date back to 追溯到，始于
215. get one’s way 随心所欲
216. hire sb out 打工，受雇于人
217. in terms of 在……方面，从……方面来说
218. little more than 只是……而已，仅仅
219. on behalf of 代表某人，代替某人
220. at random 随机，随意
221. seek one’s fortune 外出寻找（成功或发财）机会
222. sentence sb to death 判处某人死刑
223. split off from 脱离，分离
模块十
224. at a crossroads 处于关键时刻
225. at best 充其量，至多
226. bank account 银行账户
227. be on the move 迁移中，行进中
228. beyond doubt 毫无疑问
229. burst on the scene 突然出现
230. case study 案例研究
231. catch up on 补上，补做
232. cater to sb/sth 迎合，满足需要
233. a guilty conscience 内疚，问心有愧
234. make the headlines 成为重要新闻
235. intellectual property 知识财产
236. join forces （与……）合作，联合
237. make sense 是明智的；是有道理的
238. on top of 除……之外；在……上面（方）
239. one’s (own) flesh and blood 亲骨肉，亲人
240. prescription medicine/drug 处方药
241. push for sth 迫切要求，反复争取
242. put into effect 使生效，实施
243. put pressure on sb (to do sth) 促使，迫使，
244. put sth into practice 把……付诸实施
245. turn into 变成
246. wipe away 消除，去除
247. word of mouth 口口相传，口碑
248. work of art 艺术品
模块十一
249. make allowance(s) for 考虑到
250. as easy as pie 十分容易，轻而易举
251. as for 至于，关于
252. capital punishment 死刑
253. catch-22 第二十二条军规（指让人左右为难的规定或处境）
254. correctional facility 监狱
255. covering letter 附信（与某物一起寄出）
256. dive (right )in 热切地开始做某事
257. be economical with the truth 有所隐瞒
258. fold up 折叠，对折
259. follow sth up 采取后续行动，跟进
260. for the taking 供自由取用
261. gap year 生活实践年
262. give sb the edge 使某人略占优势
263. go about 忙于某事；继续做某事
264. have butterflies in one’s stomach 心慌，紧张
265. land on one’s feet 安然脱困，化险为夷
266. look sb in the eye(s) 直视某人，正视某人
267. off the top of one’s head 为多加思考地，脱口而出地
268. death penalty 死刑
269. pull out 退出，脱离
270. put out 公布，广播，出版
271. put sth away 积蓄，攒钱；把……放回原处
272. put together 组装；汇集
273. in response to 作为对……的回应，答复
274. scratch the surface 隔靴搔痒，只触及问题的表面或一小部分
275. shrink from (doing ) sth 回避（困难等）
276. take off 快速成功，突然流行
277. take pleasure in 从……中获得乐趣
278. the last minute/moment 最后一刻
279. throw sb into 投身于，积极从事
280. tire of 对……感到厌倦