2022届高考英语二轮复习：被动语态重难点课件（18张）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：被动语态重难点课件（18张） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.9MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-06-04 20:39:10 | ||
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(共18张PPT)
全方位解读被动语态重难点
Passive Voice
概述
被动语态的是谓语动词与主语之间的动宾关系的一个重要体现，根据时态的不同有不同的被动语态形式，基本结构是be+Ved+by+宾语(动作执行者)。主要用于：
1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
2．强调动作的承受者。
本主题系列微课主要包括四个方面：
一、不同时态的被动语态构成形式。
二、将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况。
三、不能用被动结构的情况。
四、巩固练习。
一、不同时态的被动语态构成形式。
If he had been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided.
如果他更细心一些，这种错误本来是可以避免的。
She was set at ease by learning that her husband had been saved.
听说丈夫获救, 这才使她放心了。
被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前，即“助动词/情态动词+be+主语+过去分词+.......”；特殊疑问句为“疑问词＋一般疑问句被动式”；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not。
1.Were these computers made in the U.S.A.？ 这些计算机是美国制造的吗？
2.What is going to be done with all this knowledge
究竟应该如何运用这些知识？
被动语态的一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和否定句
3.This song is not liked by young people. 这首歌不被年轻人所喜爱。
4.Rome was not built in a day. 罗马城不是一天建成的。
温故知新
【考例】The church tower which______________will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored
【考例】In the last few years thousands of films ___________ all over the word.
A.have produced B. have been produced
C. are producing D. are being produced
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
→
→
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
二、将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况。
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
▲bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等常在间接宾语前用介词 to；
▲build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等间接宾语前用介词 for。如：
I was given a present on my birthday.
A present was given to me yesterday.
Should I fetch you your coat from the next room
Should I fetch your coat for you from the next room
→
They have talked about this matter recently.
→
They put off the sports meeting.
→
She’s a woman who we can depend on.
→
2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
This matter has been talked about recently.
The sports meeting was been put off.
She's a woman who can be depended on (by us).
Should your coat be fetched for you from the next room
3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。例如：
The people elected him president of the country at such a difficult time.
→
His mother made him practise the piano so much.
→
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等感官或使役动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语。例如：
He was elected president of the country at such a difficult time.
He was made to practise the piano so much (by his mother)
不定式的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，如不定式有自己的逻辑主语，常由for或of引起。当其逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动式，有一般式和完成式 。一般式to be done; 完成式to have been done
【考例】The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _______. A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made。
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语）
.（不定式作主语）
I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired （不定式作定语）
He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）
4．动词不定式的被动语态为“to be＋Ved”。
注意主动形式表示被动意义的两种情况：①be to blame；②have(有)+n/pron+to do sth. 的不定式动作由句子主语发出时。例如：
【考例点拨】谓动过去时排除A，make a fortune“发财”中的a fortune与make是动宾关系，用被动语态。此处用was to表示过去将来。故选C
5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
Who has broken the cup？
→By whom has the cup been broken？
It is said that …据说……；
It is reported that …
据报道……；
It is supposed that …
据推测 /人们假定 / 认为 …… ；
It is hoped that …
希望……；
6. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。如：
It is said that nothing has been done about it.
It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.
It's commonly supposed that cold food causes stomachache easily.
It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.
7.及物动词know的被动语态形式是be known to sb.，介词用to不用by，但是会有系表结构的短语be known as/for等。例如：
It is well known that …众所周知……；
It is generally considered that …普遍认为……；
It is suggested that …有人建议……
It's believed that...人们认为...
It is known that he is one of the best teachers in our school.
It's generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight.
It is believed that the flood there is the biggest in 100 years.
It’s known to all that they are sure to win.
Liu Huan is known as a singer.
刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。
Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.
桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
1. 连系动词本身的主动形式已经表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, appear, taste, sound, remain，keep, stay, prove等。其中prove作为及物动词可以用被动语态。例如：
2. rise, happen, disappear, succeed, remain, come, go, lie, take place, break out, lose heart等不及物动词或不及物动词短语不可以跟宾语，当然没有被动语态，不要受汉语影误用被动语态。像belong to, consist of, add up to, come to, agree with, happen to等虽然可以跟宾语，但不可以用被动结构。例如：
二、不用被动语态的情况。
Judy, the cake you baked tasted so delicious. 朱迪，你烤的蛋糕真好吃。
Whether Captain Turnbill or I were right, remains to be proved later.
究竟是特恩比尔船长对还是我对，尚待日后加以证实。
The sea level has risen about 10-25cm in the last 100 years.
She and her children see the many things that belonged to him around the house, but he is gone.
3. 反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、V-ing形式及抽象名词等作宾语时，不能变为被动句子的主语。
We thoroughly understand each other/one another, even if we don’t always agree.
我们彼此非常了解, 虽然有时候也有一些分歧.
Giving too much attention to unimportant matters will waste your valuable time.
过分注意琐碎事儿会浪费你宝贵的时间。
Let us work hard and study well and live a happy and healthy life.
让我们努力工作，好好学习，过幸福健康的生活。
I could never forget the day that I joined the Party.
我永远忘不了我被接受入党的那一天。
4. 及物动词reach(leave, enter)等的宾语表示“处所”或“地点”, join等的宾语表示“组织”, suit“适合”, have(own) “拥有”, hold“容纳”, benefit（有益于）, lack“缺少”等不用被动语态。还有动词fail, last（vi. 持续；维持，够用；持久；vt. 度过，拖过；使维持）cost, like, wish等表示状态的及物动词的主动句也不能变为被动语态。例如：
The students entered the classroom one by one.
同学们陆陆续续进了教室。
The spacious parking area can hold more than 200 cars to park.
宽敞的停车场可容纳200余辆轿车停放。
比较：The opening ceremony of the 24th Winter Olympic Games in Beijing was held at the National Stadium on the evening of February 4, 2022. Chinese President Xi Jinping declared the opening of the 24th Winter Olympics. 2022年2月4日晚，举世瞩目的北京第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会开幕式在国家体育场隆重举行。国家主席习近平宣布本届冬奥会开幕。
【牛刀小试】用括号内所给单词的正确形式完成下列各句。
1. An international economic and trade exhibition ___________ (hold) in Beijing next week.
2. The other day, Peter _____________ (question) how much money _________ (steal) in all by the end of last month.
3. He _____ (leave) his hometown five years ago, since when he __________ (live) a hard life. Although he telephoned me that his new house ____________ (build) soon in his city, his wish ___________(not come) true so far. I do wish his dream _______________ (can realize) earlier.
4. It __________ (report) that the railway _____________________ (complete) by the end of next month.
5. But a watch could ___________ (never repair) itself, for it _______________ (not consist of) living parts.
will be held
was questioned
had been stolen
left
has been living
would be built
hasn’t come
could be realized
is reported
will have been completed
never repair
does not consist of
6. When she made up his mind to go home she realized a lot of tea should _________ (buy) for her family and her friends.
7. Water ______ (say) to consist of oxygen and hydrogen.
8. A large piece of cloth should ______ (lay) over the floor or furniture while a room _____________ (paint).
9. Great changes ______________ (take place) in my home village in the past few years.
10. Besides, all I said, though it ________(sound) strange, was absolutely true to fact.
be bought
is said
be laid
is being painted
have taken place
sounded
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题
全方位解读被动语态重难点
Passive Voice
概述
被动语态的是谓语动词与主语之间的动宾关系的一个重要体现，根据时态的不同有不同的被动语态形式，基本结构是be+Ved+by+宾语(动作执行者)。主要用于：
1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
2．强调动作的承受者。
本主题系列微课主要包括四个方面：
一、不同时态的被动语态构成形式。
二、将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况。
三、不能用被动结构的情况。
四、巩固练习。
一、不同时态的被动语态构成形式。
If he had been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided.
如果他更细心一些，这种错误本来是可以避免的。
She was set at ease by learning that her husband had been saved.
听说丈夫获救, 这才使她放心了。
被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前，即“助动词/情态动词+be+主语+过去分词+.......”；特殊疑问句为“疑问词＋一般疑问句被动式”；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not。
1.Were these computers made in the U.S.A.？ 这些计算机是美国制造的吗？
2.What is going to be done with all this knowledge
究竟应该如何运用这些知识？
被动语态的一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和否定句
3.This song is not liked by young people. 这首歌不被年轻人所喜爱。
4.Rome was not built in a day. 罗马城不是一天建成的。
温故知新
【考例】The church tower which______________will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored
【考例】In the last few years thousands of films ___________ all over the word.
A.have produced B. have been produced
C. are producing D. are being produced
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
→
→
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
二、将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况。
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
▲bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等常在间接宾语前用介词 to；
▲build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等间接宾语前用介词 for。如：
I was given a present on my birthday.
A present was given to me yesterday.
Should I fetch you your coat from the next room
Should I fetch your coat for you from the next room
→
They have talked about this matter recently.
→
They put off the sports meeting.
→
She’s a woman who we can depend on.
→
2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
This matter has been talked about recently.
The sports meeting was been put off.
She's a woman who can be depended on (by us).
Should your coat be fetched for you from the next room
3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。例如：
The people elected him president of the country at such a difficult time.
→
His mother made him practise the piano so much.
→
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等感官或使役动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语。例如：
He was elected president of the country at such a difficult time.
He was made to practise the piano so much (by his mother)
不定式的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，如不定式有自己的逻辑主语，常由for或of引起。当其逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动式，有一般式和完成式 。一般式to be done; 完成式to have been done
【考例】The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _______. A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made。
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语）
.（不定式作主语）
I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired （不定式作定语）
He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）
4．动词不定式的被动语态为“to be＋Ved”。
注意主动形式表示被动意义的两种情况：①be to blame；②have(有)+n/pron+to do sth. 的不定式动作由句子主语发出时。例如：
【考例点拨】谓动过去时排除A，make a fortune“发财”中的a fortune与make是动宾关系，用被动语态。此处用was to表示过去将来。故选C
5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
Who has broken the cup？
→By whom has the cup been broken？
It is said that …据说……；
It is reported that …
据报道……；
It is supposed that …
据推测 /人们假定 / 认为 …… ；
It is hoped that …
希望……；
6. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。如：
It is said that nothing has been done about it.
It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.
It's commonly supposed that cold food causes stomachache easily.
It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.
7.及物动词know的被动语态形式是be known to sb.，介词用to不用by，但是会有系表结构的短语be known as/for等。例如：
It is well known that …众所周知……；
It is generally considered that …普遍认为……；
It is suggested that …有人建议……
It's believed that...人们认为...
It is known that he is one of the best teachers in our school.
It's generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight.
It is believed that the flood there is the biggest in 100 years.
It’s known to all that they are sure to win.
Liu Huan is known as a singer.
刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。
Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.
桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
1. 连系动词本身的主动形式已经表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, appear, taste, sound, remain，keep, stay, prove等。其中prove作为及物动词可以用被动语态。例如：
2. rise, happen, disappear, succeed, remain, come, go, lie, take place, break out, lose heart等不及物动词或不及物动词短语不可以跟宾语，当然没有被动语态，不要受汉语影误用被动语态。像belong to, consist of, add up to, come to, agree with, happen to等虽然可以跟宾语，但不可以用被动结构。例如：
二、不用被动语态的情况。
Judy, the cake you baked tasted so delicious. 朱迪，你烤的蛋糕真好吃。
Whether Captain Turnbill or I were right, remains to be proved later.
究竟是特恩比尔船长对还是我对，尚待日后加以证实。
The sea level has risen about 10-25cm in the last 100 years.
She and her children see the many things that belonged to him around the house, but he is gone.
3. 反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、V-ing形式及抽象名词等作宾语时，不能变为被动句子的主语。
We thoroughly understand each other/one another, even if we don’t always agree.
我们彼此非常了解, 虽然有时候也有一些分歧.
Giving too much attention to unimportant matters will waste your valuable time.
过分注意琐碎事儿会浪费你宝贵的时间。
Let us work hard and study well and live a happy and healthy life.
让我们努力工作，好好学习，过幸福健康的生活。
I could never forget the day that I joined the Party.
我永远忘不了我被接受入党的那一天。
4. 及物动词reach(leave, enter)等的宾语表示“处所”或“地点”, join等的宾语表示“组织”, suit“适合”, have(own) “拥有”, hold“容纳”, benefit（有益于）, lack“缺少”等不用被动语态。还有动词fail, last（vi. 持续；维持，够用；持久；vt. 度过，拖过；使维持）cost, like, wish等表示状态的及物动词的主动句也不能变为被动语态。例如：
The students entered the classroom one by one.
同学们陆陆续续进了教室。
The spacious parking area can hold more than 200 cars to park.
宽敞的停车场可容纳200余辆轿车停放。
比较：The opening ceremony of the 24th Winter Olympic Games in Beijing was held at the National Stadium on the evening of February 4, 2022. Chinese President Xi Jinping declared the opening of the 24th Winter Olympics. 2022年2月4日晚，举世瞩目的北京第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会开幕式在国家体育场隆重举行。国家主席习近平宣布本届冬奥会开幕。
【牛刀小试】用括号内所给单词的正确形式完成下列各句。
1. An international economic and trade exhibition ___________ (hold) in Beijing next week.
2. The other day, Peter _____________ (question) how much money _________ (steal) in all by the end of last month.
3. He _____ (leave) his hometown five years ago, since when he __________ (live) a hard life. Although he telephoned me that his new house ____________ (build) soon in his city, his wish ___________(not come) true so far. I do wish his dream _______________ (can realize) earlier.
4. It __________ (report) that the railway _____________________ (complete) by the end of next month.
5. But a watch could ___________ (never repair) itself, for it _______________ (not consist of) living parts.
will be held
was questioned
had been stolen
left
has been living
would be built
hasn’t come
could be realized
is reported
will have been completed
never repair
does not consist of
6. When she made up his mind to go home she realized a lot of tea should _________ (buy) for her family and her friends.
7. Water ______ (say) to consist of oxygen and hydrogen.
8. A large piece of cloth should ______ (lay) over the floor or furniture while a room _____________ (paint).
9. Great changes ______________ (take place) in my home village in the past few years.
10. Besides, all I said, though it ________(sound) strange, was absolutely true to fact.
be bought
is said
be laid
is being painted
have taken place
sounded
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题