2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句易混易错点课件（17张）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句易混易错点课件（17张） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-06-04 20:46:57 | ||
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名词性从句易混易错精讲
导言：名词性从句的主要考点有：名词性从句引导词之间区别；同位语从句与定语从句区别；if引导状语从句与引导名词性从句区别；it在名词性从句中的运用；名词性从句引导词的省略等。现将它们的易错易混点总结解读如下：
第一讲
【误用1】Can you tell me how many students are there in your school
【指正】are there改为there are。
【解读】考查名词性从句语序。名词性从句用陈述语序，尤其是在直接引语改为间接引语时，直接引语是问句的时候，改为间接引语实际上就是宾语从句，要用陈述语序。
【典例1】Some of them looked at him curiously and wondered what was the matter with him.
有几个人好奇地望着他，弄不懂他要干什么。
【典例2】She told me in detail how they overcame all the difficulties.
她详细告诉我，他们是怎样克服困难的。
【误用2】You have to know that you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
【解读】考查宾语从句引导词。及物动词know后是一个宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是不及物动词go，所以不需要宾语，那么就不能用连接代词。根据go的意思看出应该用作状语的连接副词where才可以表示“去哪里”，与后面的getting there对应。句意：如果你要计划到那里的最佳路线，你必须知道你将要去哪里。
【指正】that改为where。
【典例】For example, we can learn where they find water, store food, and obtain their nest-building materials.
例如，我们能够了解到它们在哪里找到饮水，储藏食物和得到
它们建筑窝巢的材料。
【误用3】I truly believe what beauty comes from within.
【指正】what改为that。
【解读】考查宾语从句引导词。that引导宾语从句不作任何成分，只起连接作用，也可以省略。what是连接代词，引导名词性从句时其本身在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语等成分。该句从句部分不缺少任何成分，用that引导。句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心!
【典例1】The manager said (that) he believed (that) the client would come next week.
经理说他相信客户下周会来的。
【典例2】The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of reward.
国王说，这样英勇的战士应予嘉奖。
【误用4】A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not why ships are built for.
【指正】why改为what或者删掉for。
【解读】考查表语从句。表语从句是名词性从句的一种，isn’t后跟一个从句作表语，what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分，表语从句中的介词for后缺少宾语，因此用what。也可以删掉for，因为连接副词why可以引导表语从句，其本身在从句中作状语，相当于what...for...。句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。
【典例】Every living thing requires water. That is why its pollution is now a problem of the world's common concern.
各种生物都需要水，这就是为什么水污染现在成了全世界共同关注的问题。
【误用5】Reading her biography(自传), I was lost in admiration for that Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
【解读】考查宾语从句。that引导的宾语从句可以作动词宾语，一般不作介词宾语，除非个别特殊结构，如except that...“除了……”，in that...“因为……”等。句中的achieve是及物动词，应该跟宾语，即引导介词宾语从句的连词在从句中作宾语，连接代词what可以引导宾语从句，且作宾语。句意：读完了她的自传后，我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。（1919.10.22－2013.11.17.日）英国女作家，2007年获诺贝尔文学奖。她是迄今为止获奖时最年长的女性诺贝尔获奖者。
【指正】that改为what
【典例1】It was quite different from what I expected.它和我原来想的很不一样。
【典例2】She seemed completely uninterested in what I had to tell her about my new job.
我想把我新工作的事告诉她, 她好像丝毫不感兴趣。
【典例3】He is a good student except that he is occasionally careless.
他是个好学生，只是他偶而有些粗心。
【典例4】Helen was unusual in that she was extremely intelligent and also remarkably sensitive. 海伦在这方面非比一般，她绝顶的聪明又相当敏感。
【误用6】（改编自2015·江苏·25）How Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
【典例】Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
【解读】考查主语从句。a great Chinese poet作Li Bai的同位语，is known是主句的谓语部分，因此前面是主语从句。分析主语从句由was born看出用连接副词，出生方式、原因无法选择，因此不能用连接副词how和why，则只有where符合句意。句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。
【指正】How改为Where。
【误用6】（改编自2015·江苏·25）How Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
【典例】Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
【解读】考查主语从句。a great Chinese poet作Li Bai的同位语，is known是主句的谓语部分，因此前面是主语从句。分析主语从句由was born看出用连接副词，出生方式、原因无法选择，因此不能用连接副词how和why，则只有where符合句意。句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。
【指正】How改为Where。
【误用7】When we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
【指正】When改为How。
【典例】How she killed the man is still a mystery.
她是如何结束那个男子的性命还是一个谜。
【解读】考查主语从句。has是主句谓语动词，前面是主语从句，根据后面的has a lot to do with what we feel看出用how，因为心情不同则对事物的理解就不一样。连接副词how引导名词性从句，其本身在从句中作方式状语。
句意：我们如何理解事物与我们所感受的东西有很大关系。
【解读】考查同位语从句。根据前面的Yeah的肯定答复，确定对于that he did it是已经知道的，所以that肯定不对，再根据后面说“耶鲁大学是他最喜欢的大学之一”看出不理解“麦克为什么会拒绝耶鲁大学的录取”。所以用why引导同位语从句，表示idea的具体内容，转换为宾语从句就是：I don't know why he did it.。根据意思have no idea所在不同的语境还可以用where, when, how, that, what, which, who, whom, whose等引导其同位语从句。
【指正】idea后that改为why。
【典例1】 I have no idea when he will come back home.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
【典例2】Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作及物动词give的直接宾语宾语，可以省略，也可以用which）
【误用8】-- Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday
-- Yeah, but I have no idea that he did it; that's one
of his favorite universities.
【误用9】Do not let any failures discourage
you, for you can never tell which close you may be to victory.
【指正】which改为how。
【解读】考查名宾语从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句，可以看出宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，描述形容词close用连接副词how。how引导名词性从句表示“多么”的意思是从感叹句转换而来，修饰形容词或副词。句意：你不能失败了就灰心丧气，因为你永远不知道你有多么地接近胜利。
【典例1】 No, I don't know. I really don't know how many pens he has.
不，不知道。我真的不知道他有多少支钢笔。
【典例2】I don't know how far we actually went, but it was far enough.
我不知道实际上我们走了多远，反正是足够远的了
【误用10】It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee’s policy can be put
into practice.
【指正】that改为whether。
【解读】考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。主语从句中不缺少主干成分，因此不能用连接代词，应该用连接副词；“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述，即排除表陈述的that，应用whether表“是否”，引导主语从句。it可以作形式主语或形式宾语，代替真正的主语从句或宾语从句。
【典例1】It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
【典例2】It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。
【误用11】From space, the earth looks blue. This is why about seventy-one percent of its
surface is covered by water.
【指正】why改为because。
【解读】考查名词性从句的表语从句。why从句的内容表示结果，而前面的句子就是结果，所以表语从句的内容实际上应该是原因，用连接副词because引导表语从句，表示原因。
【典例】 He didn not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨晚他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。
【误用12】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief which you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
【指正】which改为that。
【解读】考查名词性从句的同位语从句。此处belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，陈述一个事实。同时从句不缺任何成分，that引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不作任何成分。which引导定语从句时，其本身在从句中作主语、宾语。
句意：在最高水平上取得成功的唯一方法就是要完全相信在那个运动场上，你比其他任何人都优秀。
【典例】The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
他想到可能玛丽生病了。（ that引导的同位语从句与名词thought之间被谓语部分隔开了。）
【误用13】The reason why he was late was because
he missed the train by one minute this morning.
【指正】because改为that。
【解读】当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
【典例1】The reason is that “How are you ” isn't really a question, and “Fine”isn't really an answer.
原因是“你好吗”并非真是的一个问题，而“不错”也并非真的回答。
【典例2】The reason is that I had to take my daughter to the doctor.
因为我得送我女儿去看医生。
【误用14】If this is true or not, I really don't know.
【指正】If改为Whether。
【解读】whether引导宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，不可以用if。注意whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：①whether引导主语从句在句首时；②宾语从句放在句首表示强调时；③引导表语从句时；④引导介词宾语时；⑤后面紧跟着or not时。
【典例1】We didn't know whether or not she was ready. 我们不知道他们是否准备好了。
【典例2】Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。
【典例3】The question is whether we can get in touch with her.问题是我们是否能联系上她。
【典例4】Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
【误用14】If this is true or not, I really don't know.
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名词性从句易混易错精讲
导言：名词性从句的主要考点有：名词性从句引导词之间区别；同位语从句与定语从句区别；if引导状语从句与引导名词性从句区别；it在名词性从句中的运用；名词性从句引导词的省略等。现将它们的易错易混点总结解读如下：
第一讲
【误用1】Can you tell me how many students are there in your school
【指正】are there改为there are。
【解读】考查名词性从句语序。名词性从句用陈述语序，尤其是在直接引语改为间接引语时，直接引语是问句的时候，改为间接引语实际上就是宾语从句，要用陈述语序。
【典例1】Some of them looked at him curiously and wondered what was the matter with him.
有几个人好奇地望着他，弄不懂他要干什么。
【典例2】She told me in detail how they overcame all the difficulties.
她详细告诉我，他们是怎样克服困难的。
【误用2】You have to know that you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
【解读】考查宾语从句引导词。及物动词know后是一个宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是不及物动词go，所以不需要宾语，那么就不能用连接代词。根据go的意思看出应该用作状语的连接副词where才可以表示“去哪里”，与后面的getting there对应。句意：如果你要计划到那里的最佳路线，你必须知道你将要去哪里。
【指正】that改为where。
【典例】For example, we can learn where they find water, store food, and obtain their nest-building materials.
例如，我们能够了解到它们在哪里找到饮水，储藏食物和得到
它们建筑窝巢的材料。
【误用3】I truly believe what beauty comes from within.
【指正】what改为that。
【解读】考查宾语从句引导词。that引导宾语从句不作任何成分，只起连接作用，也可以省略。what是连接代词，引导名词性从句时其本身在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语等成分。该句从句部分不缺少任何成分，用that引导。句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心!
【典例1】The manager said (that) he believed (that) the client would come next week.
经理说他相信客户下周会来的。
【典例2】The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of reward.
国王说，这样英勇的战士应予嘉奖。
【误用4】A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not why ships are built for.
【指正】why改为what或者删掉for。
【解读】考查表语从句。表语从句是名词性从句的一种，isn’t后跟一个从句作表语，what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分，表语从句中的介词for后缺少宾语，因此用what。也可以删掉for，因为连接副词why可以引导表语从句，其本身在从句中作状语，相当于what...for...。句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。
【典例】Every living thing requires water. That is why its pollution is now a problem of the world's common concern.
各种生物都需要水，这就是为什么水污染现在成了全世界共同关注的问题。
【误用5】Reading her biography(自传), I was lost in admiration for that Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
【解读】考查宾语从句。that引导的宾语从句可以作动词宾语，一般不作介词宾语，除非个别特殊结构，如except that...“除了……”，in that...“因为……”等。句中的achieve是及物动词，应该跟宾语，即引导介词宾语从句的连词在从句中作宾语，连接代词what可以引导宾语从句，且作宾语。句意：读完了她的自传后，我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。（1919.10.22－2013.11.17.日）英国女作家，2007年获诺贝尔文学奖。她是迄今为止获奖时最年长的女性诺贝尔获奖者。
【指正】that改为what
【典例1】It was quite different from what I expected.它和我原来想的很不一样。
【典例2】She seemed completely uninterested in what I had to tell her about my new job.
我想把我新工作的事告诉她, 她好像丝毫不感兴趣。
【典例3】He is a good student except that he is occasionally careless.
他是个好学生，只是他偶而有些粗心。
【典例4】Helen was unusual in that she was extremely intelligent and also remarkably sensitive. 海伦在这方面非比一般，她绝顶的聪明又相当敏感。
【误用6】（改编自2015·江苏·25）How Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
【典例】Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
【解读】考查主语从句。a great Chinese poet作Li Bai的同位语，is known是主句的谓语部分，因此前面是主语从句。分析主语从句由was born看出用连接副词，出生方式、原因无法选择，因此不能用连接副词how和why，则只有where符合句意。句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。
【指正】How改为Where。
【误用6】（改编自2015·江苏·25）How Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
【典例】Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
【解读】考查主语从句。a great Chinese poet作Li Bai的同位语，is known是主句的谓语部分，因此前面是主语从句。分析主语从句由was born看出用连接副词，出生方式、原因无法选择，因此不能用连接副词how和why，则只有where符合句意。句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。
【指正】How改为Where。
【误用7】When we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
【指正】When改为How。
【典例】How she killed the man is still a mystery.
她是如何结束那个男子的性命还是一个谜。
【解读】考查主语从句。has是主句谓语动词，前面是主语从句，根据后面的has a lot to do with what we feel看出用how，因为心情不同则对事物的理解就不一样。连接副词how引导名词性从句，其本身在从句中作方式状语。
句意：我们如何理解事物与我们所感受的东西有很大关系。
【解读】考查同位语从句。根据前面的Yeah的肯定答复，确定对于that he did it是已经知道的，所以that肯定不对，再根据后面说“耶鲁大学是他最喜欢的大学之一”看出不理解“麦克为什么会拒绝耶鲁大学的录取”。所以用why引导同位语从句，表示idea的具体内容，转换为宾语从句就是：I don't know why he did it.。根据意思have no idea所在不同的语境还可以用where, when, how, that, what, which, who, whom, whose等引导其同位语从句。
【指正】idea后that改为why。
【典例1】 I have no idea when he will come back home.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
【典例2】Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作及物动词give的直接宾语宾语，可以省略，也可以用which）
【误用8】-- Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday
-- Yeah, but I have no idea that he did it; that's one
of his favorite universities.
【误用9】Do not let any failures discourage
you, for you can never tell which close you may be to victory.
【指正】which改为how。
【解读】考查名宾语从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句，可以看出宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，描述形容词close用连接副词how。how引导名词性从句表示“多么”的意思是从感叹句转换而来，修饰形容词或副词。句意：你不能失败了就灰心丧气，因为你永远不知道你有多么地接近胜利。
【典例1】 No, I don't know. I really don't know how many pens he has.
不，不知道。我真的不知道他有多少支钢笔。
【典例2】I don't know how far we actually went, but it was far enough.
我不知道实际上我们走了多远，反正是足够远的了
【误用10】It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee’s policy can be put
into practice.
【指正】that改为whether。
【解读】考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。主语从句中不缺少主干成分，因此不能用连接代词，应该用连接副词；“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述，即排除表陈述的that，应用whether表“是否”，引导主语从句。it可以作形式主语或形式宾语，代替真正的主语从句或宾语从句。
【典例1】It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
【典例2】It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。
【误用11】From space, the earth looks blue. This is why about seventy-one percent of its
surface is covered by water.
【指正】why改为because。
【解读】考查名词性从句的表语从句。why从句的内容表示结果，而前面的句子就是结果，所以表语从句的内容实际上应该是原因，用连接副词because引导表语从句，表示原因。
【典例】 He didn not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨晚他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。
【误用12】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief which you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
【指正】which改为that。
【解读】考查名词性从句的同位语从句。此处belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，陈述一个事实。同时从句不缺任何成分，that引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不作任何成分。which引导定语从句时，其本身在从句中作主语、宾语。
句意：在最高水平上取得成功的唯一方法就是要完全相信在那个运动场上，你比其他任何人都优秀。
【典例】The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
他想到可能玛丽生病了。（ that引导的同位语从句与名词thought之间被谓语部分隔开了。）
【误用13】The reason why he was late was because
he missed the train by one minute this morning.
【指正】because改为that。
【解读】当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
【典例1】The reason is that “How are you ” isn't really a question, and “Fine”isn't really an answer.
原因是“你好吗”并非真是的一个问题，而“不错”也并非真的回答。
【典例2】The reason is that I had to take my daughter to the doctor.
因为我得送我女儿去看医生。
【误用14】If this is true or not, I really don't know.
【指正】If改为Whether。
【解读】whether引导宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，不可以用if。注意whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：①whether引导主语从句在句首时；②宾语从句放在句首表示强调时；③引导表语从句时；④引导介词宾语时；⑤后面紧跟着or not时。
【典例1】We didn't know whether or not she was ready. 我们不知道他们是否准备好了。
【典例2】Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。
【典例3】The question is whether we can get in touch with her.问题是我们是否能联系上她。
【典例4】Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
【误用14】If this is true or not, I really don't know.
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