2022届高考英语二轮复习：省略句考点突破课件（15张）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：省略句考点突破课件（15张） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-06-04 20:48:00 | ||
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(共14张PPT)
省略句考点突破
Elliptical Sentence
考情速递
省略句作为特殊句式在各类英语试题中频繁出现。从历年高考试题来看，省略的考点一般有: 词的省略、句子成分的省略、多个成分的同时省略等，涉及到句式、非谓语动词、状语从句、虚拟语气等。
本系列课件根据历年高考对倒装结构的考查整理出5个考点。
6
考点透视
所谓承前省略指的是当前后两句结构相同时，通常可将后一结构与前一结构相同的部分省略，从而使句子更简洁。一般说来，这种省略考生是可以根据上下文的语境做出正确理解的，尤其要注意前后句子的结构。如：
考点一、对承前省略考查
【典例】—What should I do with this passage
—______(find) out the main idea of each paragraph.
解析：容易误用Finding或To find，误认为这是考查非谓语动词。根据问句可知，完整的答语应是You should find out...，此处是承前省略了You should，所以就是Find out。
Find
【典例】—Who has eaten all the cake，Jim
—Oh，______ must be your two pet dogs.
解析：根据句意可以看出此句实为强调句型 It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake 的省略形式。
【典例】One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
it
【典例】One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________ .
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
为了简洁起见，当表示时间、条件、让步、方式等的状语从句，尤其是当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包括有动词 be 时，可以省略从句的主语和部分谓语，而留下“连词(when，while，if，as if，though/although，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等)+现在分词、过去分词/形容词等”。其中as if有时可以跟动词不定式。如：
Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something/as if searching for something.亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。
考点二、对状语从句省略部分考查
Collins had taken Karen's hand, as if (she was) to share his upset with her, when he saw the President signaling him. 柯林斯握着凯伦的手，好象这样就可以让她分担自己的不安似的，这时，他发现总统在招呼他。
【典题】If _______________ (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
解析：if从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。
解析：连词when看出从句的主语是句子的主语Children，补全句子则是when children are accompanied by their parents, 所以用省略结构“连词+过去分词”。
【典题】Children，when ____________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
accepted
accompanied
【典题】He may be busy. If ______, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now
解析：根据后面If not的提示可以看出前面的条件句也是省略结构，即If so=If it is so，与后面的If not=If it is not so相对应。句意是：他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗
so
（一）在虚拟条件句中，如果if引导的虚拟条件句有were，should，had，可以将引导条件从句的连词 if 省略，而将从句中的were/should/had提到句首。注意：若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成 Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn’t 而置于句首。如：
【典题】It would be very silly to argue any more against each other about it _____ that be true.
考点三、对虚拟语气中的从句省略部分考查
解析：主句would be 和any more看出是表将来的虚拟语气，后面的句子主语是that，谓语部分只有动词be，所以要填的应该是助动词或者情态动词。考虑到虚拟表示语气，则填should，相当于if that should be。省略if时用部分倒装结构。
should
【典题】Had it_____ been for the captain, the ship would have sunk.
解析：。根据would have sunk推出从句是表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句补全是If it hadn’t been for…。故填not。句意是：要不是船长，船就沉了。
【典题】_________there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. (改编自2014福建卷·32)
not
解析：根据后面句子的谓语部分would have to wait看出是虚拟语气，再根据句意知道从句应该是表示“有“的there be 句型，由此可以推出从句部分是If there were..，但是there已经在be动词之后，所以是省略且倒装。故用Were。
Were
（二）表示建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend；命令order, command；请求ask, demand, require, request；指示direct；督促urge；提议move, vote；希望desire；坚持insist；打算intend；安排arrange等词后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，构成形式是“should +动词原形”，其中should可以省掉。其对应的名词作主语跟表语从句，或者其名词形式跟同位语从句时，其中的should也可以省掉。如：
My suggestion is / What I suggest is/ I suggest that we (should) have a personal talk about this matter.
我的建议是大家面谈此事。
My suggestion that we (should) have a personal talk about this matter hasn’t been accepted.
我提出大家面谈此事的建议还没有被采纳。
【典题】(改错) Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam shall be at the age of six months old.
解析：根据recommend及其句意看出 that从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气形式，其中should可以省掉。
答案：shall改为should或删掉shall。
下列情况中的不定式标志 to常省掉：
①作介词but, expect, besides的宾语，前又有实意动词do时，不定式通常省去to；
②在would rather…than…结构中，不定式符号常常要省略；
③在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to；
④why (not) do 结构中, 不定式不带to。
She would rather stay at home than go out .
=She would stay at home rather than go out .
考点四、对不定式小品词to省略考查
Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender to the enemy.
刘胡兰宁死也不愿向敌人投降.
【典题】I couldn’t be like the other girls in my class, who did nothing but _____ (watch) others all day long, observing what other people ate, what they wore, what they said.
解析：此处but是介词，根据括号内的动词看出是用不定式作宾语，但是前面有实意动词do，因此to省掉。故填watch。句意是：我不像那些女同学，她们一天到晚注意别人，别人吃了什么，穿了什么，说了什么。
【典题】Let those in need ____________(understand) that we will go all out to help them. (改编自2013陕西卷·13)
解析：。根据let看出是let sb. do sth.结构，其中need的干扰性强，考生可能会误以为是need to do或need doing结构，关键是正确理解句意。此处的不定式作宾补要省掉to，故用动词原形understand。
watch
understand
有些固定结构中的介词可以省掉，当然也可以不省掉。但是，作为语法填空题要求只填一个词的时候，这个介词就不能省掉，如果是填介词后面所给括号内的动词正确形式，则用动名词形式。这样的结构有：
have trouble/difficulty /bother/ a problem / a hard time (in) doing sth.;
be busy (in) doing sth. ;
prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.;
there is no use (in) doing sth.;
考点五、对一些固定短语中某些介词的省略考查
sb. spend/waste time/money (in) doing sth.;
have fun/a good time (in) doing sth.;
there is no point (in) doing sth.;
have luck (in) doing sth等。如：
【典题】Much time spent __________(sit) at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
解析：本题是独立主格结构“名词+过去分词”，其中包含spend time (in) doing sth.结构，所以用sitting，其前的介词in被省掉。
【典题】We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.
解析：本句属于句型sb. spend time (in) doing sth. 。
sitting
【典题】Carbon dioxide, which makes a barrier between us and the sun, prevents heat _________ (get) getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
singing
答案与解析：根据动词prevents和句意看出是preven sb. (from) doing sth.结构，此处from省掉，但是依然用动名词作宾语。
getting
省略句考点突破
Elliptical Sentence
考情速递
省略句作为特殊句式在各类英语试题中频繁出现。从历年高考试题来看，省略的考点一般有: 词的省略、句子成分的省略、多个成分的同时省略等，涉及到句式、非谓语动词、状语从句、虚拟语气等。
本系列课件根据历年高考对倒装结构的考查整理出5个考点。
6
考点透视
所谓承前省略指的是当前后两句结构相同时，通常可将后一结构与前一结构相同的部分省略，从而使句子更简洁。一般说来，这种省略考生是可以根据上下文的语境做出正确理解的，尤其要注意前后句子的结构。如：
考点一、对承前省略考查
【典例】—What should I do with this passage
—______(find) out the main idea of each paragraph.
解析：容易误用Finding或To find，误认为这是考查非谓语动词。根据问句可知，完整的答语应是You should find out...，此处是承前省略了You should，所以就是Find out。
Find
【典例】—Who has eaten all the cake，Jim
—Oh，______ must be your two pet dogs.
解析：根据句意可以看出此句实为强调句型 It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake 的省略形式。
【典例】One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
it
【典例】One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________ .
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
为了简洁起见，当表示时间、条件、让步、方式等的状语从句，尤其是当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包括有动词 be 时，可以省略从句的主语和部分谓语，而留下“连词(when，while，if，as if，though/although，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等)+现在分词、过去分词/形容词等”。其中as if有时可以跟动词不定式。如：
Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something/as if searching for something.亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。
考点二、对状语从句省略部分考查
Collins had taken Karen's hand, as if (she was) to share his upset with her, when he saw the President signaling him. 柯林斯握着凯伦的手，好象这样就可以让她分担自己的不安似的，这时，他发现总统在招呼他。
【典题】If _______________ (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
解析：if从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。
解析：连词when看出从句的主语是句子的主语Children，补全句子则是when children are accompanied by their parents, 所以用省略结构“连词+过去分词”。
【典题】Children，when ____________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
accepted
accompanied
【典题】He may be busy. If ______, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now
解析：根据后面If not的提示可以看出前面的条件句也是省略结构，即If so=If it is so，与后面的If not=If it is not so相对应。句意是：他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗
so
（一）在虚拟条件句中，如果if引导的虚拟条件句有were，should，had，可以将引导条件从句的连词 if 省略，而将从句中的were/should/had提到句首。注意：若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成 Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn’t 而置于句首。如：
【典题】It would be very silly to argue any more against each other about it _____ that be true.
考点三、对虚拟语气中的从句省略部分考查
解析：主句would be 和any more看出是表将来的虚拟语气，后面的句子主语是that，谓语部分只有动词be，所以要填的应该是助动词或者情态动词。考虑到虚拟表示语气，则填should，相当于if that should be。省略if时用部分倒装结构。
should
【典题】Had it_____ been for the captain, the ship would have sunk.
解析：。根据would have sunk推出从句是表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句补全是If it hadn’t been for…。故填not。句意是：要不是船长，船就沉了。
【典题】_________there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. (改编自2014福建卷·32)
not
解析：根据后面句子的谓语部分would have to wait看出是虚拟语气，再根据句意知道从句应该是表示“有“的there be 句型，由此可以推出从句部分是If there were..，但是there已经在be动词之后，所以是省略且倒装。故用Were。
Were
（二）表示建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend；命令order, command；请求ask, demand, require, request；指示direct；督促urge；提议move, vote；希望desire；坚持insist；打算intend；安排arrange等词后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，构成形式是“should +动词原形”，其中should可以省掉。其对应的名词作主语跟表语从句，或者其名词形式跟同位语从句时，其中的should也可以省掉。如：
My suggestion is / What I suggest is/ I suggest that we (should) have a personal talk about this matter.
我的建议是大家面谈此事。
My suggestion that we (should) have a personal talk about this matter hasn’t been accepted.
我提出大家面谈此事的建议还没有被采纳。
【典题】(改错) Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam shall be at the age of six months old.
解析：根据recommend及其句意看出 that从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气形式，其中should可以省掉。
答案：shall改为should或删掉shall。
下列情况中的不定式标志 to常省掉：
①作介词but, expect, besides的宾语，前又有实意动词do时，不定式通常省去to；
②在would rather…than…结构中，不定式符号常常要省略；
③在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to；
④why (not) do 结构中, 不定式不带to。
She would rather stay at home than go out .
=She would stay at home rather than go out .
考点四、对不定式小品词to省略考查
Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender to the enemy.
刘胡兰宁死也不愿向敌人投降.
【典题】I couldn’t be like the other girls in my class, who did nothing but _____ (watch) others all day long, observing what other people ate, what they wore, what they said.
解析：此处but是介词，根据括号内的动词看出是用不定式作宾语，但是前面有实意动词do，因此to省掉。故填watch。句意是：我不像那些女同学，她们一天到晚注意别人，别人吃了什么，穿了什么，说了什么。
【典题】Let those in need ____________(understand) that we will go all out to help them. (改编自2013陕西卷·13)
解析：。根据let看出是let sb. do sth.结构，其中need的干扰性强，考生可能会误以为是need to do或need doing结构，关键是正确理解句意。此处的不定式作宾补要省掉to，故用动词原形understand。
watch
understand
有些固定结构中的介词可以省掉，当然也可以不省掉。但是，作为语法填空题要求只填一个词的时候，这个介词就不能省掉，如果是填介词后面所给括号内的动词正确形式，则用动名词形式。这样的结构有：
have trouble/difficulty /bother/ a problem / a hard time (in) doing sth.;
be busy (in) doing sth. ;
prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.;
there is no use (in) doing sth.;
考点五、对一些固定短语中某些介词的省略考查
sb. spend/waste time/money (in) doing sth.;
have fun/a good time (in) doing sth.;
there is no point (in) doing sth.;
have luck (in) doing sth等。如：
【典题】Much time spent __________(sit) at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
解析：本题是独立主格结构“名词+过去分词”，其中包含spend time (in) doing sth.结构，所以用sitting，其前的介词in被省掉。
【典题】We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.
解析：本句属于句型sb. spend time (in) doing sth. 。
sitting
【典题】Carbon dioxide, which makes a barrier between us and the sun, prevents heat _________ (get) getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
singing
答案与解析：根据动词prevents和句意看出是preven sb. (from) doing sth.结构，此处from省掉，但是依然用动名词作宾语。
getting