中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum
Section A (Grammar Focus-4c) 导学案
学 年 2021-2022年度第二学期 科目 八年级英语 课题 Unit 9 Section A (Grammar Focus-4c) 授课时间
主 备 人 使用人 八年级师生 课型 语法课 审核签字 学案序号 9-3
学习目标 在语境中认读、理解运用下列词汇: theme, ride, province, German。 观察并归纳现在完成时的构成、用法、ever和never的用法, neither和so的用法。 通过观察比较，归纳般过去时和现在完成时的区别。 通过4a和4b练习，进一步巩固知识。
重 点 归纳现在完成时的构成、用法、ever和never的用法, neither和so的用法。 归纳般过去时和现在完成时的区别。
难 点
教师寄语 Traveling thousands of miles is better than reading thousands of books.行万里路,胜读万卷书。
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词并熟读。 照相机 n.________________________发明；发明物 n __________________德国的adj. 德语；德国人n._________主题adj. ________________________游乐设施；短途旅程n. _____________省份n.__________________________
二、根据汉语意思写出下列句子。 —你曾去过科学博物馆吗 —是的，我曾去过科学博物馆。/不，我从来没去过科学博物馆。。____________________________________________________________________—你曾经参观过太空博物馆吗 —是的，我曾去过科学博物馆。/不，我从来没去过科学博物馆。____________________________________________________________________—我已经去过美术博物馆很多次了。—我也是。我还参观过自然博物馆____________________________________________________________________—我从来没去过水上公园。我也没去过。____________________________________________________________________
精讲点拨 现在未完成时的用法。 现在完成时的定义 ① 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 eg：—It's so dark. 太黑了。 —Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。（有人把灯关了，对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑） ② 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since加过去时间间点；for+一段时间，so far等时间状语连用。 eg：I have lived here for ten years. 我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住在这儿） I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住在这儿） 现在完成时的构成及句式转换 ◆ 肯定句：主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其他. eg：I have bought lots of books about Western customs. 我买了许多有关西方风俗的书。 He has been to the Great Wall. 他去过长城。 They have already seen the film. 他们已经看过这部电影了。 ◆ 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. eg：The Simpsons haven't been to Canada since the day they left. 从离开那天起，辛普森一家就再也没去过加拿大。 Eric hasn't got his plane tickets yet. 埃里克还没有买到飞机票。 ◆ 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+have/has not. eg：－Have you read Journey to the West 你读过《西游记》吗？ －Yes, I have.是的，我已经看了。/ No,I haven't. 不，我还没看过。 －Has she lived here for 2 years 她在这里住了两年了吗？ －Yes, she has. 是的，他住两年了。/No, she hasn't. 不，他没有住两年。 ◆ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他 eg：How long have you been here 你到这儿多久了？ How many times have you been to the Great Wall 你去过长城几次？ －Which book have you read 你读过哪本书？ －Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.《白雪公主和七个小矮人》。 现在完成时之ever和never ① ever 的含义及用法 ever 作副词，意为“曾经”，常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中，位于助动词 have/ha之后、过去分词之前。 eg：Have you ever seen anything like it 你曾见过像它这样的东西吗 I don't think I have ever been here before. 我觉得我以前从未到过这里。 ② never 的含义及用法 never 作副词，意为“从不；从未”，常用于现在完成时中，表示否定含义，位于助动词 have/has 之后、过去分词之前。 eg：I have never been to Hong Kong.我从来没去过香港。 neither和so表示“我也一样”用法 －I’ve been to the art museum many times. －Me, too. And I’ve also visited the nature museum. －I’ve never been to a water park. －Me neither. (1) Me,too. 翻译为“我也一样”，表示后者与前者情形相同，也可以用“so+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语”, 此处也可以说 So have I. (2) Me neither. 翻译为“我也没…”后者与前者情形相同“也不…”,也可以用 “neither+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语”，此处也Neither have I. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 一般过去时与过去的时间的连用，如：yesterday, last year，……ago, in 1990, in October, just now 等。现在完成时不能与过去的时间的连用。现在完成时的时间状语有：ever, never, just, yet, in the past/last few years, recently, so far等。0 eg：I have ever seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在完成时） I saw the film last week. 我上周看了这部电影。（一般过去时） 现在完成时表示对现在有影响或持续到现在，强调“到现在”，而一般过去时对现在没有影响或没有持续到现在，强调“过去做”。 eg：I have bought a car. 我已经买了一辆车了。（强调到现在，已经拥有） I bought a car. 我买了一辆车。（强调过去买了车，是否拥有，不知道） I have been in China for 10 years.Now, I teach English in Beijing. 我在中国待了十年，现在我在北京教英文。（状态持续到现在，用现在完成时） I was in China for 10 years.Now, I teach Chinese in Tokyo. 我在中国待了十年，现在我在东京教中文。（状态没有持续到现在，用一般过去时） have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的区别 have/has been to 表示“曾经去过某地”，暗含现在已不在那里了。后可接次数，如 once, twice, three times 等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。 have/has gone to 表示“去某地了”，暗含说话时该人不在现场。 eg：My sister has been to Dalian twice. 我姐姐去过大连两次。 Have you ever been to the West Lake 你曾经去过西湖吗 — Where is Jim 吉姆在哪里 — He has gone to England.他去英国了。 (尚未回来) It’s really interesting, isn’t it 本句是一个反意疑问句。反意疑问句是指在陈述句后附加一个简短问句，用于征询肯定或否定的意见，或者希望陈述句所说的内容得到证实。 一、反意疑问句的两种形式: ① 肯定的陈述句＋否定的简短问句 ② 否定的陈述句＋肯定的简短问句 二、反意疑问句的答语: 反意疑问句的答语应符合事实。事实是肯定的，用yes；事实是否定的，用no。当句式是“前否定，后肯定”时，翻译要以事实为依据，yes翻译为“不” , no翻译为“是的”。 eg：— They had milk and bread for breakfast, didn't they — Yes, they did. — He isn’t a teacher, is he — No, he isn’t. 是的，他不是。/ Yes, he is. 不，他是。 I learned about the inventions that led to color movies, too. invention在此处作可数名词，意为“发明；发明物” ,此外, invention 还可作不可数名词，意为“发明”。其动词形式为invent, 意为“发明;创造”。inventor 作名词,意为“发明家”。 eg：Edison invented a lot of things. He was a great inventor and he is famous for his inventions.爱迪生发明了很多东西。他是一位伟大的发明家，以他的发明而闻名。 Well, I've already been there a couple of times, but I’m happy to go again. a couple of 后跟可数名词复数。a couple of... 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 eg：There are a couple of shoes in my bedroom, but they are not a pair. 我的卧室里有两只鞋，但它们不是一双。 A couple of monkeys are playing in the tree.两只猴子在树上玩耍。 There are some special German paintings there right now. ① German 在此处作形容词，意为“德国的”。 eg：German cars are different from ours. ② German 作形容词，还可意为“德语的；德国人的”。 eg：I find German grammar is very difficult. ③ German 还可作名词。作不可数名词时，意为“德语”；作可数名词时，意为“德国人”，其复数形式为 Germans。 eg：I know a little German. There are a few Germans in our school. 拓展】Germany 作名词，意为“德国”。 eg：My best friend comes from Germany.
检测小结 一、根据句意和首字母填空。 I hope that they will have a w_________ time in the amusement park. Have you ever b_______ to a museum Most people here came from Fujian P_________. Then the performers give us a wonderful p___________. The house i_________ is not particularly to my mind, but I like its environment. 二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 I ____________ (study) English at this school for three years. Yao Ming __________ (go) to America three months ago. I need ___________ (improve) my spoken English. At first she ___________ (think) about going camping, but later she changed her mind. How long have you been _________ (wait) here It's fun ____________ (learn) another language. 三、单项选择。 ( )1.— ____ you ever ____ the history museum, Paul — No, I haven’t. A. Do; visit B. Did; visit C. Have; visited D.Had; visited ( )2.— Hi, Tom! ____ you ever ____ the Bird's Nest — Yes, I have. It’s fantastic. A. Have; been to B. Have; gone to C. Did; go to D.Do; go to ( )3.He likes traveling and he____ many countries so far. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. would go to ( )4.— Paris is a wonderful place. — So it is. I_____ there twice. A. have been B. have gone C. went D. will go ( )5.— Where is Mr. Green — He __ to Sanya for a trip. Though he __ there twice, he still likes there very much. A. has gone; went B. has gone; has been C. went; was D. has been; has gone
参考答案
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词并熟读。 camerainventionGermanthemrideprovince
二、根据汉语意思写出下列句子。 Have you ever been to a science museum Yes, I’ve been to a science museum./ No, I’ve never been to a science museum.Have you ever visited the space museum Yes, I have. I went there last year./ No, I haven’t.I’ve been to the art museum many times.Me, too. And I’ve also visited the nature museum.I’ve never been to a water park.Me neither.
检测小结 一、根据句意和首字母填空。 wonderfulbeenprovinceperformanceitself
二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 have studiedwentto improvethoughtwaitingto learn
三、单项选择。 CABAB
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Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum
Section A 2d＆Grammar Focus-4c
Learning objectives
Key words & phrases :
camera; invention; lead to; a couple of; German; theme; ride; province; hear of.
Key sentences:
1. I learned about the inventions that led to color movies, too.
2. —Have you seen the robots at the science museum
—Yes, I went there last weekend.
3. I've already been there a couple of times,but I'm happy to go again.
Learning objectives
1. 在语境中认读、理解运用下列词汇: theme, ride, province, German。
2. 观察并归纳现在完成时的构成、用法、ever和never的用法, neither和so的用法。
3. 通过观察比较，归纳般过去时和现在完成时的区别。
4. 通过4a和4b练习，进一步巩固知识。
Warm up
Let’s watch a video.
have been to → 曾经去过
(went to a place and came back)
Have you ever been to a film museum
Yes, I have. I have ever been to…
Me, too.
No, I haven’t. I have never been to…
Me, neither.
Free talk
film museum
What’s this video about
It’s about film museum.
Lead in
What do you think of the museum
Where have I been
Have you ever been to a space museum
Yes, I have. I have ever been to…
Me, too.
No, I haven’t. I have never been to…
Me, neither.
space museum
Free talk
Lead in
have been to → 曾经去过
(went to a place and came back)
Presentation
Read the conversation in 2d and answer the questions.
When did Jill go to the film museum
What does Jill love about the film museum
What did Jill learn about
Who did Jill camp with on the weekend
Has Anna ever been camping
In April.
She loves all the old movie cameras.
She learned about the inventions that led to color movies.
With her friends.
No, she hasn’t.
Presentation
2d
Role-play the conversation.
Anna: I went to the film museum last weekend. Have you ever been
there
Jill: Yes, I have. I went there back in April.
Anna: It's really interesting, isn't it It's a great way to spend a
Saturday afternoon.
Jill: Yes, I love all the old movie cameras there. I learned about the inventions that led to color movies, too.
camera n. 照相机；摄影机；摄像机
n. 发明；发明物
learn about=learn of
了解；获知
lead to通向；导致；把……带到
做……的好方法
Anna: So, what did you do on the weekend
Jill: I camped in the mountains with some friends. We put up a tent and cooked outside.
Anna: That sounds fun. I've never been camping.
Jill: You should try it!
put up 建造；搭建
那听起来很有趣。
现在完成进行时
We’ll see which group does the best.
Read the dialogue aloud for a few minutes by yourself.
Role-play in groups.
Role-play in front of the class.
Presentation
Presentation
Role-play the conversation.
Grammar focus
Grammar Focus
Have you ever been to a science museum Yes, I’ve been to a science museum./
No, I’ve never been to a science museum.
Have you ever visited the space museum Yes, I have. I went there last year./
No, I haven’t.
I’ve been to the art museum many times. Me, too. And I’ve also visited the nature museum.
I’ve never been to a water park. Me neither.
Translate these sentences and let’s read.
你曾去过科学博物馆吗
是的，我曾去过科学博物馆。
不，我从来没去过科学博物馆。
你曾经参观过太空博物馆吗
是的，我曾去过科学博物馆。
不，我从来没去过科学博物馆。
我已经去过美术博物馆很多次了。
我也是。我还参观过自然博物馆。
我从来没去过水上公园。
我也没去过。
Grammar focus
Grammar Focus
Have you ever been to a science museum Yes, I’ve been to a science museum./
No, I’ve never been to a science museum.
Have you ever visited the space museum Yes, I have. I went there last year./
No, I haven’t.
I’ve been to the art museum many times. Me, too. And I’ve also visited the nature museum.
I’ve never been to a water park. Me neither.
Find adverbs and adverbial phrases used with the present perfect tense.
Grammar
现在完成时态的结构：助动词 have/has + 过去分词
观察：Hello! My name is Amy. I like reading books. And, I have already finished reading Little Women. It’s very fantastic. I have not finished reading Treasure Island yet. I have many interesting books. Have you decided which book to read yet
① 肯定句：主语 + ___________ + __________ + 其他.
② 否定句：主语 + ___________ + __________ + 其他.
③ 一般疑问句：_________ + 主语 + _________ + 其他
肯定回答：_________, 主语 + ___________.
否定回答：_________, 主语 + ______________.
归纳：
have/has
过去分词
have/has not
Have/Has
过去分词
Yes
have/has
haven’t/hasn’t
过去分词
No
1.Has Amy read Little Women yet Yes, she has.
2.Has Amy read Treasre Island yet No, she hasn’t.
have not=haven’t
has not=hasn’t
Grammar
现在完成时之ever 和 never
① ever 的含义及用法
ever 作副词，意为“曾经”，常用于现在完成时的______________中，位于助动词 have/has_______、过去分词_________。
eg：Have you ever seen anything like it ______________________________
I don't think I have ever been here before. __________________________
② never 的含义及用法
never 作副词，意为“从不；从未”，常用于现在完成时中，表示______含义，位于助动词 have/has _______、过去分词________。
eg：我从来没去过香港。
I ______ ______ ______ to Hong Kong.
否定句和疑问句
之后
之前
你曾见过像它这样的东西吗
我觉得我以前从未到过这里。
否定
之后
之前
have never been
Grammar
I’ve been to the art museum many times. Me, too. And I’ve also visited the nature museum.
I’ve never been to a water park. Me neither.
neither和so表示“我也一样”用法
(1) Me,too. 翻译为“我也一样”，表示后者与前者情形相同，也可以用“so+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语”, 此处也可以说__________
So have I.
(2) Me neither. 翻译为“我也没…”后者与前者情形相同“也不…”,也可以用 “neither+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语”，此处也_______________
Neither have I.
Grammar
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一
比较:1. A: What did you do last weekend
B: I saw a new movie.
2. A: Would you like to see the movie with me
B: Thanks for your inviting, but I have seen it already.
总结 一般过去时 现在完成时
1.用法不同
(只谈论上周末做的事情，不涉及现在)
(影响：因为已经看过了，所以现在不去看了)
只表示过去的动作或状态
(不涉及现在)
表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果
(与现在有联系)
Grammar
比较:1. Tom ___________ (sweep) the floor yesterday.
2. My family ___________ (go) to Beijing last year.
3. I ___________ (can ) ride a bike when I was 6 years old.
4. I ________________ (not finish) my homework yet.
5. He ___________ (work) in the city for eight years.
6.判断正误: I have visited my grandparents yesterday.
He has finished his work two days ago.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别二
(注:现在完成时的不能与表示过去的时间状语连用)
swept
went
could
haven’t finished
has worked
总结 一般过去时 现在完成时
2.时间状语不同
already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, for+时间段，since+时间点\从句...
yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 1995，in the past, just now, when...
Grammar
have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的区别
have/has been to 表示“曾经去过某地”，暗含现在已不在那里了。后可接次数，如 once, twice, three times 等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。 My sister has been to Dalian twice. 我姐姐去过大连两次。
Have you ever been to the West Lake 你曾经去过西湖吗
have/has gone to 表示“去某地了”，暗含说话时该人不在现场。 — Where is Jim 吉姆在哪里
— He has gone to England.他去英国了。 (尚未回来)
Presentation
1. A: Do you want __________ (come) to the space museum
B: No, I've already __________ (be) there three times.
2. A: Have you __________ (see) the robots at the science museum
B: Yes, I _________ (go) there last weekend.
3. A: Let’s __________ (spend) the day at the zoo.
B: Well, I've already __________ (be) there a couple of times, but I’m happy_______ (go) again.
to come
been
seen
went
spend
been
to go
两个；一对；几个
4a
Put the correct forms of the verbs in the blanks.
Tip: Find the key words to identify which form to use.
4. A: How about __________ (go) to the art museum There are some special German paintings there right now.
B: Sure. When do you want __________ (go)
5. A: Have you ever __________ (visit) the history museum
B: No, I've never __________ (be) there.
going
to go
visited
been
adj. 德国的；德语的；德国人的 n. 德语；德国人
Presentation
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Most of us _________ (see) Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and other famous Disney characters in cartoons before. But have you ever _________ (be) to Disneyland Disneyland ________ (be) an amusement park with a special theme — Disney characters and movies. There _________ (be) many exciting rides, lovely restaurants and fantastic gift shops there.
have seen
been
is
are
n. 主题
n. 供乘骑的游乐设施；
短途旅程
Tip: Find the key words to identify which tense to use.
You can also _________ (see) the Disney characters walking around the park. And have you ever _________ (hear) of a Disney Cruise This _________ (be) a boat ride with a Disney theme. You can _________ (take) a ride on the boat for several days and eat and sleep on it. On the boat, you can _________ (shop) and have Disney parties before you _________ (arrive) at the Disney island.
see
heard
is
take
shop
arrive
Presentation
4c
Answer the survey questions and then ask your partner.
Have you ever … You Your partner
been to another province in China
lost something important
n. 省份
Language points
1. It’s really interesting, isn’t it (教材 P66 2d)
反意疑问句
Point
本句是一个反意疑问句。反意疑问句是指在陈述句后附加一个简短问句，用于征询肯定或否定的意见，或者希望陈述句所说的内容得到证实。
一、反意疑问句的两种形式:
① 肯定的陈述句＋否定的简短问句
② 否定的陈述句＋肯定的简短问句
二、反意疑问句的答语:
反意疑问句的答语应符合事实。事实是肯定的，用yes；事实是否定的，用no。当句式是“前否定，后肯定”时，翻译要以事实为依据，yes翻译为“不” , no翻译为“是的”。
— They had milk and bread for breakfast, didn't they
— Yes, they did.
肯定
否定
— He isn’t a teacher, is he
— No, he isn’t. 是的，他不是。/ Yes, he is. 不，他是。
肯定
否定
Language points
2. I learned about the inventions that led to color movies, too. (教材 P66 2d)
invention n. 发明；发明物
Point
invention在此处作可数名词，意为“发明；发明物” ,此外, invention 还可作不可数名词，意为“发明”。其动词形式为invent, 意为“发明;创造”。inventor 作名词,意为“发明家”。
eg：Edison invented a lot of things. He was a great inventor and he is famous for his inventions.
爱迪生发明了很多东西。他是一位伟大的发明家，以他的发明而闻名。
Language points
3. Well, I've already been there a couple of times, but I’m happy to go again.
(教材P68 4a)
a couple of 两个；一对；几个
Point
a couple of 后跟可数名词复数。a couple of... 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
eg：There are a couple of shoes in my bedroom, but they are not a pair.
我的卧室里有两只鞋，但它们不是一双。
A couple of monkeys are playing in the tree.
两只猴子在树上玩耍。
Language points
4. There are some special German paintings there right now. (教材P67 3a)
German adj. 德国的；德语的；德国人的 n. 德语；德国人
Point
① German 在此处作形容词，意为“德国的”。
eg：German cars are different from ours.
② German 作形容词，还可意为“德语的；德国人的”。
eg：I find German grammar is very difficult.
③ German 还可作名词。作不可数名词时，意为“德语”；作可数名词时，意为“德国人”，其复数形式为 Germans。
eg：I know a little German.
There are a few Germans in our school.
【拓展】Germany 作名词，意为“德国”。
eg：My best friend comes from Germany.
区分：
Englishman→Englishmen
Frenchman→Frenchmen
German→Germans
Chinese→Chinese
Japanese→Japanese
Exercises
一、单项选择。
1.— ____ you ever ____ the history museum, Paul
— No, I haven’t.
A. Do; visit B. Did; visit C. Have; visited D.Had; visited
2.— Hi, Tom! ____ you ever ____ the Bird's Nest
— Yes, I have. It’s fantastic.
A. Have; been to B. Have; gone to C. Did; go to D.Do; go to
3.He likes traveling and he____ many countries so far.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. would go to
C
A
B
Exercises
4.— Paris is a wonderful place.
— So it is. I_____ there twice.
A. have been B. have gone C. went D. will go
5.— Where is Mr. Green
— He _____ to Sanya for a trip. Though he _____ there twice, he still likes there very much.
A. has gone; went B. has gone; has been
C. went; was D. has been; has gone
A
B
Exercises
二、根据句意和首字母填空。
1.I hope that they will have a w_________ time in the amusement park.
2.Have you ever b_______ to a museum
3.Most people here came from Fujian P_________.
4.Then the performers give us a wonderful p___________.
5.The house i_________ is not particularly to my mind, but I like its environment.
onderful
een
rovince
erformance
tself
Exercises
三、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.I ____________ (study) English at this school for three years.
2.Yao Ming __________ (go) to America three months ago.
3.I need ___________ (improve) my spoken English.
4.At first she ___________ (think) about going camping, but later she changed her mind.
5.How long have you been _________ (wait) here
6.It's fun ____________ (learn) another language.
have studied
went
to improve
thought
waiting
to learn
Homework
1. Do the exercises in students’ book.
2. Read and recite in Section A (2d).
3. Preview (Section B (1a-1d)).
谢谢
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