中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
新人教版(2019)单元课时学案
学生姓名 班级 序号
课题内容 Unit 5 The Value of Money Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
教材分析 The grammar learning content of this section includes two parts: The first part is to learn modal verbs; The second is to learn to talk about past events, that is, to learn the past future tense. The theme of the activity is "expressing modality", which can describe what will happen in the future from the past time ",should have better/should have/should, etc. Modal verbs reflect the speaker's attitude towards the content. Guide the students to experience the function of modal expression in the dialogue of a million pound drama, and summarize the function and usage of modal verbs. Be able to use modal verbs properly according to the specific context. Be able to use modal verbs and past future tense appropriately according to the context, talk about the past time, and see what will happen in the future.
学习目标与核心素养 1.Knowledge objectives: ① Learn and master the usage of key words and phrases.②Learn the functions and usages of modal verbs and the past and future tense.2.Skill objectives: ①Sort out the ideographic function of common modal verbs and summarize the function and usage of modal verbs.② Be able to use modal verbs appropriately according to the specific context.③ Be able to talk about the past time with the past future tense and see what will happen in the future.3.Thinking quality objectives: Cultivate students' logical thinking ability, analysis and summary ability, expression ability and cooperation ability. ( https: / / fanyi. / aldtype=16047" \l "zh / en / javascript:void(0); )
学习重点 ①Accurately grasp the function and meaning of modal verbs.② Let students flexibly use the grammatical structure of modal verbs and past tense and future tense. ③Be able to talk about the past time with the past future tense and see what will happen in the future.
学习难点 ①Accurately grasp the function and meaning of modal verbs.② Let students flexibly use the grammatical structure of modal verbs and past tense and future tense.
探究点
探究点一:Read the following sentences and think about it. Groups discussion.
What are the functions and meanings of these modal verbs
Roderick: May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are
Henry:Well, I can't say that I have any plans.
Oliver:Well, You mustn't worry about that.
Henry:Could you offer me work here
Roderick: If you don't mind, may I ask you how much money you have
Henry:I have none. I ought to be on my way.
探究点二:完成教材第54页第1题。
探究点三:完成教材第54页第2题。
探究点四:完成教材第54页第3题。
探究点五:完成教材第54页第4题。
探究点六:Work out the meaning of the modal verbs from the context.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 had better and ought to
Both “had better” and “ought to” are used for advice.
①It's hard to tell what will happen to someone with a million-pound bank note.
____________________________________________________________
②We'd better make a bet.
____________________________________________________________
③We ought to find the perfect person for our bet.
____________________________________________________________
2 must and can't
The first“must”and the first“can't”are used to express possibility. The second “must”
is used for obligation and the second“can’t”is used for permission.
①Get him his change You must be joking.That can't be true.It is 1,000,000!
___________________________________________________________________________
②If you lose the bet,you must pay 20,000and you can't eat your words!
___________________________________________________________________________
3 will and would
“Would”is used as a past future modal. The first“will”is used for polite request, and the second“will”is used as a simple future modal.
①A:The gentlemen have left for the Continent,and they said they would not be back until a month later.
__________________________________________________________________________
②B:Will you tell them I've been here,and that I will keep coming till they tell me what this is all about
__________________________________________________________________________
4 may and might
The first“may” is used for polite request，and the second “may” is used for possibility. “Might” is also used for possibility, but the action is less likely to happen.
①May tell you s story What do you think may happen to a millionaire in rags
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②Henry played a passive role in the bet. What might have happened if he had known from
the beginning what it was all about
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5 can and could
“Couldn't”is used for ability.“Could”is used for polite request.“Can't”is used for possibility.
①When the clerk saw the million-pound note, he couldn't believe his eyes. “Could you please come this way,sir ” he said.“Let me show you some of our best clothes.”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②Some people never play any game for fun.If they can’t make something or lose something ---they don't care which.——they won't play.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
知识点
A.单词
1. _________ adv.无处;哪里都不
2. _________ n.程度;限度;大小;面积;范围
3. _________ n.歌剧;歌剧剧本;歌剧艺术
4. _________ n.恐龙
5. _________ v.拥抱;搂抱;抱紧
6. _________ v.追求;致力于;执行;贯彻
7. _________ n.责任;义务;职责
Language points.
知识点1
1. A necessity B possibility C obligation D request E advice F intention
intention n. 打算;意图;目的计划
【搭配】have a firm intention 有坚定的意志
with the intention of... 有……目的/意图
have no intention of doing sth. 不打算做某事
例句:What do you think was the author’s intention in this passage
你认为作者写这一段的用意是什么？
【词语积累】
intend vt. 计划；打算
intend to do/doing sth. 打算 / 想要做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
【注意】 had intended to do sth.= intended to have done sth.意思为“本打算做某事”, 表示过去未曾实现的愿望,有这种用法的词还有plan, hope, think, expect, mean等。
单句语法填空
①He has no___________(intend) of apologising to her.
②They intend _________________(launch) a campaign to raise money.
知识点2
2. ...Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. ……亨利·亚当斯被困在国外, 没有钱, 没有朋友, 也没有地方可住。
nowhere adv. 无处;哪里都不
【拓展】nowhere else 别的地方都不 be nowhere to be seen/found 哪里也见不到/ 找不到
【搭配】get/go nowhere 毫无进展 get sb. nowhere 使某人毫无进展/ 一无所获
nowhere near 离……差得远;远谈不上 out of nowhere 突然冒出来;莫名其妙地出现
例句:The boy began to cry when his toy rocket was nowhere to be found.
当找不到他的玩具火箭时，这个男孩哭了起来。
例句:I’m trying to persuade her to come, but I’m getting nowhere.
我试着劝说她过来，但没有成功。
例句:Such methods will get you nowhere.
这些做法不会有什么结果。
【注意】
nowhere, never, hardly, neither, nor, little, seldom, by no means 等表示否定意义的副词或词组以及 not only, not until, hardly (... when...)no sooner(... than...)等词(组)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词be提到主语前面。
单句语法填空
①There is nowhere for me___________(stay).
②He was attacked by a group of people_________of nowhere.
知识点3
3. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what should you do
万一你在国外旅行时遇到这种情况， 你该怎么办？
in case 万一;假使;以备;以防;免得
例句: In case you should need any help, here's my number.
万一你需要帮助的话，这是我的电话号码。
【语块积累】
(1)in case of 假使
in most cases 在多数情况下 in case of an emergency 在紧急情况下
例句:The wall was built along the river in case of floods.
沿河筑了防护墙以防洪水。
(2)in no case 决不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装结构)
in any case 无论如何;不管怎样 in this case 既然这样; 假使这样的话
in that case 既然那样;假使那样的话
例句: They yield to enemy in no case.
他们决不向敌人屈服。
(3)as is often the case 情况经常是这样的(as 引导非限制性定语从句)
例句: As is often the case, he is absent.他缺席，这是常有的事。
【注意】
case，point，situation，occasion，stage 等表抽象地点的名词作先行词，且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where 引导定语从句。
单句语法填空
①In case______an emergency, break the glass and press the button.
②______is often the case, he presented us with a proper solution to it.
知识点4
4. They ought to be able to help to some extent.
在某种程度上他们应该能帮得上。
extent n. 程度;限度;大小;面积;范围
【语块积累】 to some extent 在某种程度上 extent of the damage 受损程度
例句: I’ve reached the extent of my patience. 我已忍无可忍。
【搭配】to... extent 到……程度;在……程度上 to a certain extent 在一定程度上
单句语法填空
①The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and, a lesser extent,wildlife.
②He has changed to such extent that I no longer recognise him.
知识点 5
5. Lily decided that she would settle in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress. 莉莉决定在纽约定居,追求她当演员的梦想。
pursue vt.
(1)追求;致力于
【语块积累】pursue a goal追求目标 pursue aim 贯彻宗旨 pursue an objective实现目标
例句:Pursue life aim, sublimation being value.追求人生目标, 升华生命价值。
(2)执行;贯彻
【语块积累】pursue the policy 贯彻政策 pursue legal action 进行诉讼
(3)追踪;追赶;追捕
【语块积累】pursue the/a car 追赶车辆
例句:She pursued the man who had stolen a woman's bag.她追赶那个偷了一个妇女提包的男人。
单句语法填空
She left the theatre, hotly___________(pursue) by the press.
知识点6
6. Jim is not here right now. He said he would be on duty at the library this afternoon. 吉姆现在不在这里。他说他今天下午在图书馆值班。
duty n.责任;义务;职责;值班;任务
【语块积累】
have a duty to do sth. 有做某事的责任 / 义务 do one’s duty 尽职;尽责 out of duty 出于责任
【搭配】
It’s one’s duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任 feel it one’s duty to do sth. 感觉做某事是某人的责任
例句: We have a duty to uphold the law.维护法律是我们的责任。
例句: Local councillors have a duty to serve the community.地方议员有义务为社区服务。
例句: It is our duty to let the world know about our diverse cultures.
让世界人民了解我们多样的文化是我们的责任。
单句语法填空
①Only one doctor is ____ duty today —— the other doctor is off.
②What time do you go_______duty I would like you to give me a lift.
知识点7
7.The competition was so close that no one was sure who would win the Best Actor award. 竞争激烈, 没有人知道谁会赢得最佳男演员奖。
so...that... 如此……以至于……
例句: The pancakes were so good that I scoffed the lot.
那些薄饼太好吃了，我狼吞虎咽地都吃下去了。
【常用句型】
①so+adj. /adv. + that...
②so+much/little(少)+ 不可数名词+ that...
③so+many/few + 可数名词复数+ that...
④so+adj. + a/an+ 可数名词单数+ that...
例句:He ran so quickly that we all couldn’t catch up with him.
他跑得很快, 我们都追不上他。
例句:He has done so many excellent works that he was commended by Chinese government.
他的工作是如此的杰出，他得到政府的嘉奖。
单句语法填空
①His behaviour was so disappointing_________he left a very bad impression on us.
②They are such scientific_________ (method) that we can use them directly in our educational system.
知识点八
8. I think it’s kind of Roderick and Oliver to give Henry the money.
我认为, 罗德里克和奥利弗把钱给亨利很善良。
【句型解析】 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do...
“ It is+ 形容词+of sb. + 动词不定式”意思是“某人做……是…… 的”。一般用表示人物的性格， 品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，例如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 等。
例句:It’s wrong of the other children to make fun of you. 其他孩子取笑你是不对的。
【注意】
“ It is+ 形容词+for sb. + 动词不定式”意为“对某人来说做…… 是……的”, 用于这种结构的形容词常常侧重于说明事物特征,这类形容词:important,necessary, difficult, easy, hard, safe等。例如:It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。
例如:It's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
单句语法填空
①It is stupid_______him to refuse the invitation.
②The physician thought________would be good for you to have a holiday.
、
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．To all the people watching, I ________ thank you enough for your kindness to me and I’ll think about it for the rest of my life. (用适当的词填空)
2．“ The interest ________ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. （用适当的词填空）
3．As I sit down to write this article, I have nothing but one ________ (intend). （所给词的适当形式填空）
4．The ambassador said that the rescue workers ought ________ (waste) time. （所给词的适当形式填空）
5．We must remember to live with the ______ (intend) of focusing on what matters most in life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．Passengers ________ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road. （用适当的词填空）
7．When I was small, my mom ________ read me stories at night. （用适当的词填空）
8．Why are you here It’s class time and you ________ be in the classroom now. （用适当的词填空）
9．It is raining heavily outside. You ________ as well stay here for the night.（用适当的词填空）
二、完成句子
1．Some people feel that high school students can ________ taking part in organized sports.
一些人认为中学生可以从参加有组织的体育活动中获益。
2．Both apps have a number of functions and ________ the steps we take.
这两个应用程序都有一些功能，可以追踪我们所采取的步骤。
3．Embarrassed and ashamed, I can’t ________ ________ anything.
感到尴尬和羞愧，我无法集中精神在任何事情上。
4．I ________ ________ ________ ________ the stories with you.
我迫不及待地要把这些故事分享给你。
5．他们聚集到杰森周围，气愤地喊着话，但她离得远没法听清。
They gathered around Jason, shouting angry words that she couldn’t ________ ________ ________ from the distance.
6．我们得尽可能快地启程。
We have to ______ ______ as early as possible.
7．事实上，幸福可以由你能够想到的任何事情构成。
In fact, happiness may ________ ________ ________ anything you could ever think of.
8．如果你想让你的英国之旅很享受并且很值得，你得留心看。
You must __________ ___________ __________ ___________ if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
三 、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The two gentlemen had been having a heated argument for a couple of days，and had decided to make a bet which 1 settle their argument. They were 2 (find) someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside. They invited him into their house 3 Henry told them he had landed in Britain
4 accident. Although he had gone to the American consulate 5 (seek) help，he had not received any help. Henry hoped that the brothers 6 offer him some jobs because he had no money. Henry got upset with the brothers ___7___ they seemed too happy about his bad luck. They quickly told him not to feel that way and they gave him an envelope with money in it. They said the letter inside 8 explain what it was all about, but he had to postpone 9 (open) it until 2 o'clock. Henry felt that was odd. The story ended with Henry leaving their house and promising that he 10 not(not) open the letter until 2 o'clock.
四、完形填空
The captain (船长) of a ship and a merchant were friends. The merchant had a young son, who wanted to be a sailor, so the captain took him for voyages in his 1 .
One day when the captain had come from a 2 with a lot of money, the merchant told him that the price of iron had 3 and suggested that he should buy some with his money. “I'll keep it for you in my storehouse 4 you return from your next voyage, and perhaps you'll get more money.”
But while the captain was away, the price of iron went up 5 60%, so the merchant sold it and kept the money. When the captain came back, his 6 friend told him that he was very sorry and that the mice had
7 all the iron. The captain knew that his friend was telling lies, but he stayed 8 and said, “I knew that you had problems 9 mice in your storehouse.”
After a few days, the captain started __10__ voyage, and when he returned home, he said to the merchant, “I'm very sorry, but 11 our voyage a bird came down and carried your son away.” The merchant was very 12 and said, “Birds cannot carry boys！” “And neither can mice eat iron，” answered the captain.
The merchant took the captain to a __13__， who said, “The merchant must __14__ the captain the money which he got when he sold the iron, and then the captain must __15__ the merchant's son back to him.”
1．A．car B．cart C．ship D．plane
2．A．voyage B．travel C．business D．visit
3．A．fallen B．raised C．widened D．risen
4．A．when B．since C．after D．until
5．A．on B．in C．to D．by
6．A．dishonest B．honest C．real D．former
7．A．sold B．borrowed C．eaten D．drunk
8．A．friendly B．calm C．quiet D．angry
9．A．about B．in C．on D．with
10．A．another B．next C．the other D．other
11．A．while B．after C．during D．before
12．A．boring B．puzzled C．angry D．afraid
13．A．president B．manager C．child D．judge
14．A．return B．give C．offer D．lend
15．A．bring B．fetch C．carry D．catch
答案
探究点
探究点一:
[答案]回答合理即可。
探究点六:
1 had better and ought to
[答案]
①很难说一个人手里有一张百万英镑大钞会发生什么事情。
②我们最好打个赌。
③打这个赌我们得找个最佳人选。
2 must and can't
[答案]
①找给他钱？你在开玩笑吧？那不可能是真的。那是一百万英镑呐！
②你打赌输了，你得付两万英镑。你可不能食言啊！
3 will and would
[答案]
①先生们离开去欧洲大陆了。他们说一个月后才回来。
②您能转告他们吗？说我来过了，而且还会再来，直到他们告诉我这是怎么一回事。
4 may and might
[答案]
①我能给你讲个故事吗？你认为一个衣衫褴褛的百万富翁身上会发生什么事？
②在这场赌注中，亨利是被动的。如果他从一开始就知道这是怎么回事，会发生什么情况呢？
5 can and could
[答案]
①当店员看到那张百万大钞时，他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。“能麻烦您来这边吗,先生？”他说:“我给您看一些我们这儿最好的衣服。”
②有些人从来不为玩而玩。假如不赢点什么、输点什么——至于输赢倒无所谓——他们绝不玩。
知识点
A.单词
[答案]
1.nowhere 2.extent 3.opera 4.dinosaur 5.hug 6.pursue 7.duty
Language points.
知识点1
[答案]
①intention
②to launch/launching
知识点2
[答案]
①to stay
②out
知识点3
[答案]
①of
②As
知识点 4
[答案]
①to
②an
知识点 5
[答案]pursued
知识点6
[答案]
①on
②off
知识点7
[答案]
①that
②methods
知识点八
[答案]
①of
②it
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．can’t/cannot
【解析】
考查情态动词。句意：对于所有观看的人，我非常感谢你们对我的善意，我将在我的余生里一直想着你们的善意。本句考查短语can’t/cannot…enough，表示“再……也不为过”，故设空处填情态动词can’t或cannot。故填can’t/cannot。
2．shall
【解析】
考查shall的用法。句意：法官宣布：“根据双方达成的协议，利息应分为五部分”。shall用于陈述句的第二、三人称有“必须、应、可”之意，表示要求或意图，故填shall。
3．intention
【解析】
考查名词。句意：当我坐下来写这篇文章时，我只有一个目的。空处应填名词作宾语，intention“目的”符合题意，基数词one提示用其单数形式。故填intention。
4．not to waste
【解析】
考查情态动词。句意：大使说救援人员应该不会浪费时间。“应该”用ought to do表示，否定结构是ought not to do。故填not to waste。
5．intention
【解析】
考查名词。句意：我们必须记住，生活的目的是关注生活中最重要的事情。空处应用名词作宾语，with the intention of“打算，为了，怀着……的目的”。故填intention。
6．mustn't
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意：当公共汽车开动时，乘客不得与司机交谈，因为这将把他的注意力从路上转移开来。根据句意及常识可知，此处表示“禁止，不允许”，应用情态动词mustn't。故填mustn't。
7．would
【解析】
考查情态动词。句意：当我小时候，我母亲常常在晚上给我读故事。would +动词原形，表示过去的习惯性的行为，意思是“过去常常”。故填would。
8．should
【解析】
考查情态动词。句意：你怎么在这儿？现在是上课时间，你应该在教室里。结合句意可知，此处表示“应该”，应用情态动词should。故填should。
9．may/might
【解析】
考查情态动词。句意：外面雨下得很大。你不妨在这儿过夜。may/might as well“不妨”，固定短语。故填may/might。
二、完成句子
1．benefit from
【解析】
考查动词短语。对比原文和译文，译文缺少“从……中获益”，应用动词短语benefit from表示，结合空格前情态动词can可知，应用原形。故填benefit from。
2．can keep track of
【解析】
考查动词短语。对比原文和译文，译文中缺少“可以追踪”，与have是并列关系，作谓语动词，可用情态动词can和动词短语keep track of“记录；追踪”表示。故填can keep track of。
3. concentrate on
【解析】
考查动词短语。空处表示“集中精神于”，使用动词短语concentrate on，can’t后接动词原形。故填①concentrate②on。
4．can’t wait to share
【解析】
考查短语。can’t wait to do迫不及待地做某事；share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物。结合句意，故填can’t wait to; share。
5．make them out
【解析】
考查固定短语。对比中英文句子，空处涉及固定短语make out“听清”，此处指听清他们的话，故应用代词them指代上文angry words，动副结构的短语，代词放中间；情态动词couldn’t后用动词原形。故填①make②them③out。
6．set off
【解析】
考查动词短语。句意：我们得尽可能快地启程。根据句意及情态动词have to可知，此处使用动词原形。“出发，启程”英文表达为set off。故填①set；②off。
7．be composed of
【解析】
考查固定搭配。对比中英文句意可知，空处需表示“由……构成”之意，be composed of“由……构成”，固定搭配，符合题意；情态动词may后需接动词原形。故填①be ②composed ③of。
8． keep your eyes open
【解析】
考查固定短语。空处表示“留心看”，用固定短语keep one’s eyes open，意为“注意，留心”，主语是You，且情态动词must后接动词原形，故填①keep②your③eyes④open。
三、用单词的适当形式完成短文
16．would
17．going to find
18．where
19．by
20．to seek
21．would
22．when
23．would
24．opening
25．would not
【解析】
1．would
2．going to find
3．where
4．by
5．to seek
6．would
7．when
8．would
9．opening
10．would not
【解析】
这是一篇叙述文。文章主要讲述了兄弟在一件事情上争执很久，他们请来了Henry参与打赌，决定谁是最终胜利者。
1．考查时态。句意：他们打了一个能解决他们争端的赌。settle为动词原形，结合句意和had decided 可知，表示相对于过去某一时刻，将来要发生的事情，用过去将来时，故填would。
2．考查时态。句意：他们正打算找人参加他们的打赌时，突然看见亨利走在外面的街上。结合句意可知，他们打算去找人参与赌注，表示计划将要做的事情，且空前为were, 该句为过去将来时，故填was going to find。
3．考查定语从句。句意：他们邀请亨利到他们家做客，在他们家亨利告诉他们他是偶然在英国登陆的。该句先行词为house，表示地点，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
4．考查固定短语。by accident译为“偶然，碰巧”，且符合题意，故填by。
5．考查动词不定式。句意:尽管他去了美国领事馆寻求帮助，但他没有得到任何帮助。可知，应用to do 不定时表目的，故填 to seek。
6．考查时态。句意：亨利希望兄弟俩能给他一些工作，因为他没有钱。句中hoped“希望”可知，动作offer还没有开始，表示过去将来要发生的动作，用过去将来时，故填would。
7．考查状语从句。句意：当他们似乎对他的遭遇感到开心的时，Henry对这两个兄弟感到失望。结合句意可知，“当……时”译为when，引导的时间状语从句，故填when。
8．考查时态。由“他们说里面的信将会解释它的全部内容...”可知，“解释”这一动作发生在“说”之后，表示过去将来的动作，用过去将来时，故填would。
9．考查固定短语。postpone doing sth为固定搭配, 意为推迟做某事，故填opening。
10.考查时态。由句意“Henry表示2点之后才会打开信封”可知，信封还未open，发生在过去的动作ended之后，表示过去将来的动作用过去将来时，故填would。
四、完形填空
1．C
2．A
3．A
4．D
5．D
6．A
7．C
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．C
12．B
13．D
14．B
15．A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位船长听从了商人朋友的建议，买了很多铁，并且由商人看管着。但是出海回来时却被告知铁被老鼠吃掉了，船长不动声色，到下次出海回来后告诉商人他的儿子被海鸟叼走了，于是两人对簿公堂。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：商人有个年轻的儿子，他想当水手，所以船长带他在船上出海。A. car汽车；B. cart手推车；C. ship轮船；D. plane飞机。根据“for voyages”及常识可知，船长出海要用船，水手当然也要在船上，故选C项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天船长带着很多钱出海归来，商人告诉他铁的价格比较低，建议他用钱买一些。A. voyage航行；B. travel旅行；C. business生意；D. visit参观，拜访。根据上文“the captain took him for voyages”提到船长带着儿子出海可知，此处是指船长出海归来，下文“you return from your next voyage”也是提示，故选A项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天船长带着很多钱出海归来，商人告诉他铁的价格比较低，建议他用钱买一些。A. fallen下降；B. raised提高，举起；C. widened加宽；D. risen上升。根据常识可知，做买卖要低价进高价卖，而且从下文“the price of iron went up”可以推知，商人建议船长时，铁价比较低，故选A项。
4．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我会替你把它保存在仓库里，直到你下次出海回来，或许你会赚更多钱。A. when当……时；B. since自从；C. after在……之后；D. until直到。根据句意可知，商人说要替船长保管这些铁直到他下次出海回来，故选D项。
5．考查介词词义辨析。句意：但是在船长离开期间，铁价上涨了60%。A. on在……上面；B. in在……里面；C. to到，给；D. by在……旁边，通过。根据下文商人卖了它可知，此处指铁价上涨了60%，而在这四个选项中只有介词by可以表示(相差的)程度，故选D项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：船长回来时，他不诚实的朋友告诉他很抱歉，老鼠吃掉了所有的铁。A. dishonest不诚实的；B. honest诚实的；C. real真正的；D. former以前的。根据上文“I'll keep it for you in my storehouse…”及商人卖了船长的铁可知，他是个不讲信用、不诚实的人，下文“The captain knew that his friend was telling lies”也可推出此处指不诚实的，故选A项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：船长回来时，他不诚实的朋友告诉他很抱歉，老鼠吃掉了所有的铁。A. sold卖；B. borrowed借；C. eaten吃掉；D. drunk喝。根据下文他俩争吵的话“And neither can mice eat iron”可知，商人说老鼠把铁给吃掉了，故选C项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：船长知道他的朋友在撒谎，但是他表现得很冷静说：“我知道你仓库 有老鼠的问题。”A. friendly友好的；B. calm镇静的，冷静的；C. quiet安静的；D. angry生气的。根据转折连词but以及下文船长说的话“I knew that you had problems __9__ mice in your storehouse.”可知，船长表现得很平静，没有发火着急，故选B项。
9．考查介词词义辨析。句意：船长知道他的朋友在撒谎，但是他表现得很冷静说：“我知道你仓库 有老鼠的问题。”A. about关于；B. in在……里面；C. on在……上面；D. with有，带有。固定短语have problems with sth. “有……的问题”，相当于have trouble/difficulty with sth.，故选D项。
10．考查形容词、固定短语辨析。句意：几天后，船长开始再一次出海。A. another 另一的，再一个的；B. next下一个；C. the other（特指两者中的）另一个；D. other 其他的（泛指）。根据上下文可知，船长是再一次出海，在此不是特指某一次，故选A项。
11．考查连词、介词词义辨析。句意：当他回家时，他对商人说：“非常抱歉，但是在航海期间，一只鸟飞下来把你的儿子叼走了。”A. while当……时；B. after在……之后；C. during在……期间；D. before在……之前。根据语境可知，船长是指在航海期间，商人的儿子被鸟叼走了。during是介词，意为“在……期间”，后面可以用名词作宾语，而while是连词，后面要跟句子，故选C项。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商人非常困惑，说：“鸟不会叼走男孩。”A. boring无聊的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. angry生气的；D. afraid害怕的。根据下文商人说的话“Birds cannot carry boys!”可以推断商人对船长所说的话感到很困惑，故选B项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：商人带着船长去找法官，法官说：“商人必须把卖铁所得钱财给船长，船长必须把商人的儿子带回来给他。”A. president总统；B. manager经理；C. child孩子；D. judge法官。根据下文说的话并结合常识可知，人们之间起了纷争的时候要去找法官，故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：商人带着船长去找法官，法官说：“商人必须把卖铁所得钱财给船长，船长必须把商人的儿子带回来给他。”A. return归还；B. give给；C. offer提供；D. lend借给。根据故事的内容可知，商人卖掉了船长的铁而获得许多钱，而不是借的船长的钱，所以此处用give而不选return。故选B项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：商人带着船长去找法官，法官说：“商人必须把卖铁所得钱财给船长，船长必须把商人的儿子带回来给他。”A. bring带来；B. fetch去取；C. carry携带；D. catch抓住。根据上文可知，船长在出海时把商人的儿子藏了起来，所以法官要求船长把商人的儿子带回来。bring指把人或东西带到说话的地方来，符合语境；fetch是“去取来，去拿来”的意思；carry没有方向性，而且一般指肩挑背扛等较重的物体；catch是 “逮住，接住”的意思。故选A项。
考点分析
同步训练
同步训练
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共51张PPT)
Unit 5
THE VALUE OF MONEY
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教版（2019）
Key words
nowhere
[ n we (r)] adv.
[词语搭配]
have nowhere
to run
extent
[ k stent] n.
[词语搭配]
a certain extent
opera
[ pr ] n.
歌剧;歌剧
剧本;歌剧艺术
dinosaur
[ da n s (r)] n.
恐龙
Key words
hug
[h ɡ]v.
[同义词] embrace
pursue
[p sju ] v.
duty
[ dju ti] n.
[词语搭配]
sense of duty
1.They had _________ (无处) to stay so I couldn't turn them away.
2.To some ______(程度)what she argues is true.
3.She's one of the leading lights in the______ (歌剧) world.
4.The _________ (恐龙) became extinct before the appearance of man.
5.She threw her arms round his neck and ________ (拥抱) him warmly.
6.He continued to_______ (追求) his goal of becoming an actor.
7.I don't want you to visit me simply out of a sense of ______(责任).
根据中文含义填空
Practice
nowhere
extent
opera
dinosaur
hugged
pursue
duty
Read the following sentences and think about it. Groups discussion.
What are the functions and meanings of these modal verbs
Well, I can't say that I have any plans.
May we ask what you're doing in this country
and what your plans are
Well, You mustn't worry about that.
Roderick
Henry
Oliver
Discussion
Discussion
Read the following sentences and think about it. Groups discussion.
What are the functions and meanings of these modal verbs
I have none. I ought to be on my way.
If you don't mind, may I ask you how
much money you have
Could you offer me work here
Roderick
Henry
Henry
A necessity B possibility C obligation D request E advice F intention
A necessity You have to read between the lines because the real messages are often hidden...
B possibility It may seem lucky to you.
C obligation Astronauts must wear spacesuits when they work i n space because...
D request May we ask what you’re doing in this country
E advice You’d better not open it.
F intention What would you do if you were in her situation
1 Modal verbs have many functions，including the following［A-F］. Find modal verbs
in previous sections and discuss their functions.
Express modality and talk about future events in the past
Grammar
may must can ought to might had better would should
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note，Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. While this situation_____ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ______ you do First, and most importantly, you ______stay calm. Fear_____cause you to become confused. You need to think clearly. Second, you should go to your nearest consulate. They________be able to help to some extent. Third, you_______do well to check with some local charities. They _______ offer help to travellers in need. Fourth, you __________ getting into trouble. You _______ think that stealing some money or food would help you, but you should not do so. Getting caught _______ ruin your life.
2 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.
may
should
must
can
ought to
would
might
had better
might
would
Practice
1.can的用法
(1) can主要用来表示能力，可能性，请求或许可等意义。
(一)can意思为“能够,会”,指的是一般性能力,比如:本能,体能,智能,技能等,表示能够做某事。
例句: My sister can't use the computer yet.我的姐姐还不会使用电脑。
【注意】
can/could的用法区别
1.表示能力: can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力.
2.表示推测: can一般用于否定句及疑问句中;
3. could表示有礼貌地请求或建议，但回答时必须用can。
4. can可用于肯定句中表示一种客观的可能性。
例句:Although he is only four, he can play the piano.
一. can/could的用法
Grammar
(2)表示可能性
can表示可能性，常用在疑问句或否定句中。can可以用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时可能会”。
can常用来表示说话者主观推测的“可能性”，一般用于否定句和疑问句中。用can be或can be doing表示对现在情况的推测;用can have done表示对过去情况的推测。
例句:Mary can't be reading now,she is seeping.
玛丽现在不可能在读书，她正在睡觉。
语法填空
①That _____ be Mary, for she is in hospital.
②—______ I borrow your bicycle —Yes, you _____ . /No, you ______.
can't
can't
can
Could
Grammar
(3)表示请求或许可
①请求/给予许可 用Can / Could you...
例句:Can I have a cup of tea, please 请问我可以喝一杯茶吗？
例句:Could you please speak more slowly 请您说慢一点，好吗？
例句:You can't have snacks in the classroom.在教室里你不可以吃零食。
②陈述许可
陈述主语已经得到他人或某种客观条件许可时用can,很少用may表示。
例句:Young people can wear whatever they like.年轻人可以穿任何自己喜欢的衣服。
语法填空
①_____I have a look at your new design？
②_______ you pick me up at the airport at five next Monday？
Can
Could
Grammar
③表示气愤和惊讶，一般用于疑问句和否定句。意思是“怎么可以……？”。
例句:How can you be careless! 你怎么这么粗心！
④can but表示“只好，至多不过”，正式用法。
例句:We can but do our best我们只好尽力而为。
⑤Cannot help but do ……，cannot help doing something表示“禁不住做……，不得不做……”。
例句:Tom can't help but agree with her.
汤姆值得同意了她。
语法填空
① How ____ you believe in such a person
② I _____ help but think of my parents.
can
can't
Grammar
二. could的用法
(1)表示过去的能力
例句: Could you speak English then 那时候你会说英语吗
(2)表示可能性
1.could既可以表示现在的/过去的可能性，推测程度要比can弱。
例句: You could be right, but I don't think you are.(现在可能性)
你可能是对的，但我并不认为你是对的。
例句:She couldn't have left so soon.(过去的可能性)
她不可能走得这么早。
2.could have done
①表示对过去情况的可能性推测，语气比can弱。一般用于否定句和疑问句。否定句表示
“过去不可能发生过某事”，疑问句表示“过去可能发生过某事吗？”。
例句:He couldn't have seen her there.他不可能在那儿见到她。
Grammar
②表示过去没有实现的可能性(即某事本来可以发生，却没发生):
例句:He could have told her, but he didn't choose to.他本来可以告诉她的，但他却没有。
③用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做:
例句:You could ask me before you use my phone. 你打电话之前本来可以问我一声。
(3)表示请求和许可
could表示现在的请求，比can更礼貌和委婉。回答用can不用could.
例句:Could you tell me how to get to the railway station 你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？
语法填空
① _______ this be true
②You ______ have started a litter earlier.
③You _______________ (could, do) better,but you didn't try your best.
Could
could
Grammar
could have done
三 . May的用法
1. 表示“许可、准许”，此时与can同义，可以互换使用。
例句:You may/can go to the cinema this evening.今晚你可以去看电影。
注意：表许可时其答语可以用“Yes,you may.”但是由于用may做肯定回答语气显得生硬、严肃，因此一般用Yes, please. /Certainly. / Of course.这些回答显得热情、客气。
拒绝对方时，其答语可以用No, you mustn’t. / No, you can’t. / Sorry, you can’t. / No, please don’t等
例句:—May I come in —Yes, please.
例句:—May I use your pen —Certainly. Here you are.
2. 表示可能性时，常用在肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”。
例句:He may be very busy now.
例句:He said that she might not be at work today.
Grammar
注意:can和may都可以表示推测。Can通常用在否定句和疑问句中，may通常用在肯定句和否定句中。虽然两者都可以用于否定句，但是程度不同，can't的语气比may not更强。
例句:It can’t be true.这不可能是真的。
例句:It may not be true.这可能不是真的。
3. 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可以译为“祝愿”。
例句:May you have a good time.祝你玩得愉快!
例句:May you be happy.祝你幸福!
4. might可以作为may的过去式, 也可以在提出请求时表委婉;在表示可能性时, might的可能性比may更小。
注意：can和may的区别
①can和may都可以表示“许可”, 在征求对方意见时用may比较多。
例句:May I go now 现在我可以走吗？
Grammar
②在询问客观上是否可以时，用can。
例句:Can we take the books out
③在两者都可以用时，may更客气一些。
4. 在陈述句中用can比较多
例句:You can sit here.
5. can还可以表示能力，may无此用法。
6. 在否定句中一般不用may not，常用can't表示不可能。
例句:He can’t be at home tonight.他今晚不可能在家。
情态动词对比填空 may/can
——Listen! Who is knocking at the door _____it be Alice
—— No,Alice has gone to town. It _____ be Mary.
Can
may
Grammar
四. might的用法
1.表示请求和许可
(1)表示过去的请求和许可
例句:Tom asked if he might go to school.汤姆问他是否能去学校。
②表示现在的请求和许可
例句:May I make a suggestion 我能否提一个建议
2.表示可能性
might可以指过去的可能性，也可以指现在或将来的可能性，但比may的可能性要小。
例句:Don't wait for me, please.请不要等我了。
注意:can, could, may, might 表示请求对方许可的用法比较
can只用于非正式场合的日常用语，could在正式场合和非正式场合都可以用，may和 could一样可以用于正式场合和非正式场合。may最常用，might在正式场合用得比较少。
Grammar
情态动词对比填空
Nancy ______ (might, can, may,could) tomorrow, but I am not quite sure.
might
五、must表示“必须”、“一定要”
1. 可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句;肯定形式表示“必须,一定”，否定形式表示“一定不要”、“不准”。
例句:You must finish it today. 你一定要在今天完成它。
例句:Everyone must obey the law.每个人必须遵守法律。
(2) 主要表示现在或将来，但有时(如在间接引语中)也可表过去(=had to)：
例句:She asked if she must (had to) leave. 她问她是否一定要离开。
(3) 对于must 开头一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，可用needn't，不用mustn't：
"Must I come over tonight " "No, you needn't." “我今晚必须过来吗 ”“不必。”
(4) 其后可接被动结构或进行形式：
例句:I think I must be going. 我想我得走了。
Grammar
2. must表示推测
其意为“准是”、“一定是”，注意以下几点：
(1)通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句用 can 。
例句:It must be true. 那一定是真的。It can't be true. 那一定不是真的。
(2)后接动词原形, 表示对现在情况的推测，一般不用于对未来的预测。
例句:The man must have a lot of money. 这个人一定有不少钱。
3.表示“偏要;非要”
主要指令人不愉物快的事情发生
例句:Must you make so much noise 你非得弄出这么多噪声吗
4.表示强调
常用在口语中，表示说话者的坚定态度。
例句:I must admit that I was looking forward to it then.我得承认，我当时一直在盼望着它。
5.表示必然的结果
例句:If you don t hurry ,you must miss the train.如果不快点儿，你必然赶不上火车。
Grammar
(3)must表示“应当”相当于should, ought to的意思
例句:You must say hello to her.你应当跟她打个招呼。
例句:We must go and have a weekend there.我们应当到那里度周末。
(4)表示“偏偏”表示不巧或固执，通常都是指令人不快的事：
Must you make so much noise 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗
(5)must 与 have to 的区别
①强调重点不同：两者都表示“必须”，但 must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事;have to则重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意：
例句:We must go at once. 我们必须马上就走。
例句:If I buy that car, I'll have to borrow some money. 如果我要买那辆汽车, 我得借些钱。
②时态形式不同：must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去),而have to则有多种时态形式：
He said (that) she must go with me. 他说她必须同我一起去。
She had to go there on foot yesterday. 昨天她不得不步行去那儿。
Grammar
情态动词对比填空
Listen! It _____ (must,have to) be raining outside.
must
(3) have to可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式，而must则没有这些形式：
He only saw her in the evening, having to be away all day. 他整天得外出，只能晚上见她。
I regret to have to trouble you again. 我很抱歉不得不再麻烦你一次。
(4) 否定式的意义不同：must 的否定式 mustn't 意为“一定不要”、“不允许”;而 have to 的否定式 don't have to 意为“不必”(=needn't)。比较：
You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要告诉他这件事。(这可能是秘密)
You needn't tell him about it.你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了)
六、shall的用法
(1)在主语是第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或请求对方允许。
例句:Shall we begin now 我们现在开始好吗？
(2)陈述句中主语是第二，第三人称时，表示说话者给对方的承诺，决心，警告等。
例句:You shall have anew dress for your birthday.你过生日一定要有件新裙子。
(3)表示“应该”和“必须”
用在第三人称的陈述句，表示义务或规定，有强制性的含义，意为“应该"成“必须”。
例句:You should work harder.他应该更加努力。
Grammar
七、should的用法
(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议、命令等， 意为“应当,应该”。
例句:The old should be taken good care of.老人应该受到良好的照顾。
例句:He should work harder. 他应该更加努力。
(2)表示惊奇、愤怒、失望等情绪。
should可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒等情绪，意为“竟然”。
例句:The gentleman should be so rude to a lady.这位绅士竟然对一位女士那么粗鲁。
(3)表示可能性,意为“应该会，可能会”。表示说话者具有一定根据的推测。
例句:It should be a nice day tomorrow.明天应该是个好天气。
(4)should用在条件状语从句中,指将来发生的可能性,意为“将要;假定要;可能要”。
(5)表示假设“万一”的意思，用在条件句中。
例句:If I should be free tomorrow,I would come.万一明天有空我就会来。
Grammar
情态动词对比填空
It's nearly seven o' clock. Jack ________(can,should) be here at any moment.
should
八、will的用法
1.表示意愿
表示意愿，愿望或愿意等。
例句:He will take you home.他愿意送你回家。
2.表示请求
will用于第二人称的疑问句中,表示委婉的请求或征求意见。
例句:Would you tell me the way to the airport 你能告诉我去机场的路吗
3.表示过去的习惯
例句:He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住在乡下时总是早起。
4.will表示必然性，意为“注定会，一定会”。
例句:You will fail if you don't work hard.你如果不努力就注定要失败。
5.表示目前情况的预测，意思为“一定，大概”。
例句:This will be the house you're looking for.这大概就是你要找的房子。
Grammar
情态动词对比填空
I am willing to apologise to you this means that I____(shall,will) make an apology to you.
will
九、ought to的用法
1.ought to表示责任、义务、劝告、可能性等，意为“应该，应当"，语气上比should强。
例句:We ought to protect wild animals.我们应该保护野生生动物。
2.ought to的否定式是ought not to或oughtn't to,疑问句将ought置于主语之前。
例句:Such things ought not to happen, ought they 这样的事情不应该发生，是吗
3.ought to +完成式
ought to have done sth.本该做某事(而没有做)
ought not to have done sth.本不该做某事(却做了)
例句:I realize I ought to have told you about it.我意识到我本该告诉你这件事的。
例句:I ought not to have asked you a thing like that. I' m sorry.
我本不应该问你那样一件事。对不起。
Grammar
情态动词对比填空
The weather ________ (ought, may,should,can) to improve after the weekend.
ought
十、have to的用法
(1)have to表示“必须，不得不”
与其他情态动词一样也是后接动词原形，表示外界的强制作用，强调被迫性。含有不情愿的色彩。表示“必须“和“不得不”。
例句:There has to be an end to the violence. 必须得结束暴力。
(2)have to有多种时态，而must只有一种时态。
例句:I had to do my homework last night.昨晚我不得不做作业。
(3)have to的否定形式，要借助助动词do/does/did/will来完成，即don' t/doesn't /didn't/will not /have to,意为“不必，没有必要”。
例句:He doesn't have to do the homework now.他没有必要现在做作业。
例句:Do I have to go there now 我现在就得去那儿吗
(4)have to还可以表示推测，意思是“一定，肯定”。用于肯定意义的推测，与must用法相似。
例句:As for your problem here has to be a solution.至于你的问题，一定会有解决的办法。
Grammar
情态动词对比填空
He missed the bus and ______ (must, have to) walk home.
had to
1 Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera. He ___________________________ (watch)this musical with his girlfriend on the weekend.
2 I was so surprised at the news that David__________________________(play) the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.
3 Lily decided that she_____________________________(settle) in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.
3 Both“would do”and“was/were going to do”can be used to talk about future events or intentions in the plete the following sentences that describe the future using either form of the given verbs.
would watch/was going to watch
would play/was going to play
would settle/was going to settle
Practice
4 Hey, Timmy. I________________(call) you. But now that you are here, I don’t have to.
5 The competition was so close that no one was sure who __________(win) the Best Actor award.
6 Jim is not here right now. He said he________________________(be) on duty at the library this afternoon.
was going to call
would win
would be/was going to be
would 表示意愿，指愿意做
be going to 表示按计划打算做
Practice
EXAMPLE
A: I think it's kind of Roderick and Oliver to give Henry the money.
B: I'm afraid I disagree. They shouldn't be making a bet on him.
A: But Henry might get into trouble it they didn't offer him the money.
B: Well, if they really wanted to help Henry, they could offer him a job.
A: Maybe you're right. But I guess that would be a different story ...
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the scene from The Million Pound Bank
Note on page 52 and share your understanding of the story. Use
modal verbs when necessary.The example below may help you.
Discussion
Sample Conversation
A: Do you think the two brothers are being kind to Henry
B: No, I think they ought to tell Henry about the bet.
A: I agree. It would be the kind thing to do. Henry could
end up in jail because of this.
B: Yes. Henry had better return the one million-pound note
to them. It might be dangerous for him to keep it.
A: But if he doesn't keep it, what should he do
B: I don't know. Maybe he should try to get a job
Discussion
Work out the meaning of the modal verbs from the context.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 had better and ought to
①It's hard to tell what will happen to someone with a million-pound bank note.
——————————————————————————————
②We'd better make a bet.
____________________________________________________________
③We ought to find the perfect person for our bet.
____________________________________________________________
Both “had better” and “ought to” are used for advice.
Practice
很难说一个人手里有一张百万英镑大钞会发生什么事情。
我们最好打个赌。
打这个赌我们得找个最佳人选。
2 must and can't
①Get him his change You must be joking.That can't be true.It is 1,000,000!
___________________________________________________________________________
②If you lose the bet,you must pay 20,000and you can't eat your words!
___________________________________________________________________________
The first“must”and the first“can't”are used to express possibility. The second “must”
is used for obligation and the second“can't ”is used for permission.
如果你打赌输了，你得付两万英镑。你可不能食言啊！
Practice
找给他钱？你在开玩笑吧？那不可能是真的。那是一百万英镑呐！
3 will and would
①A:The gentlemen have left for the Continent,and they said they would not be back until a month later.
__________________________________________________________________________
②B:Will you tell them I've been here,and that I will keep coming till they tell me what this is all about
__________________________________________________________________________
“Would”is used as a past future modal. The first“will”is used for polite request, and the second“will”is used as a simple future modal.
您能转告他们吗？说我来过了，而且还会再来，直到他们告诉我这是怎么一回事。
先生们离开去欧洲大陆了。他们说一个月后才回来。
Practice
4 may and might
①May tell you s story What do you think may happen to a millionaire in rags
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②Henry played a passive role in the bet. What might have happened if he had known from
the beginning what it was all about
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
The first“may” is used for polite request，and the second “may” is used for possibility. “Might” is also used for possibility, but the action is less likely to happen.
在这场赌注中，亨利是被动的。如果他从一开始就知道这是怎么回事，会发生什么情况呢？
我能给你讲个故事吗？你认为一个衣衫褴褛的百万富翁身上会发生什么事？
5 can and could
①When the clerk saw the million-pound note, he couldn't believe his eyes. “Could you please come this way,sir ” he said.“Let me show you some of our best clothes.”
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————②Some people never play any game for fun.If they can’t make something or lose something ---they don't care which. ----they won't play.
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Couldn't”is used for ability.“Could”is used for polite request.“Can't”is used for possibility.
有些人从来不为玩而玩。假如不赢点什么、输点什么——至于输赢倒无所谓——他们绝不玩。
当店员看到那张百万大钞时，他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。“能麻烦您来这边吗,先生？”
他说:“我给您看一些我们这儿最好的衣服。”
Practice
一、定义
过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
二、结构
1. would/should+动词原形
例句:He asked me how soon I would get ready.
2. was/were going to+动词原形
例句:She told me she was going to post the parcel.
注意:与would+动词原形相比，was/were going to+动词原形有打算、计划的含义。
3. was/were about to do
表示说话的瞬间将要发生的动作。此结构一般不与时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。
例句:I felt that something terrible was about to happen.
The past future tense 过去将来时
Language point
4. go, come, leave, start, meet等动词的过去进行时，表示就过去的某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。
例句:She didn't say when she was coming again next time.
5. was/were to do
表示曾经计划做某事，并且从现在看已经实现。当表示“原计划做某事但是最终未发生”，用was/were to have done.
例句:We were to have been married last year.
语法填空
① I was so surprised at the news that David ____________________________ (play) the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.
②Hey, Timmy. I _______________ (call) you. But now that you are here, I don't have to.
would play / was going to watch
was going to call
Language point
intention n. 打算;意图;目的计划
【搭配】have a firm intention 有坚定的意志 with the intention of... 有……目的/ 意图
have no intention of doing sth. 不打算做某事
例句:What do you think was the author’s intention in this passage
你认为作者写这一段的用意是什么？
1. A necessity B possibility C obligation D request E advice
F intention
【词语积累】
intend vt. 计划；打算
intend to do/doing sth. 打算 / 想要做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
【注意】 had intended to do sth.= intended to have done sth.意思为“本打算做某事”, 表示过去未曾实现的愿望,有这种用法的词还有plan, hope, think, expect, mean 等。
单句语法填空
①He has no (intend) of apologising to her.
②They intend _________________(launch) a campaign to raise money.
intention
to launch/launching
Language point
nowhere adv. 无处;哪里都不
【拓展】nowhere else 别的地方都不 be nowhere to be seen/found 哪里也见不到/ 找不到
【搭配】get/go nowhere 毫无进展 get sb. nowhere 使某人毫无进展/ 一无所获
nowhere near 离……差得远;远谈不上 out of nowhere 突然冒出来;莫名其妙地出现
例句:The boy began to cry when his toy rocket was nowhere to be found.
当找不到他的玩具火箭时，这个男孩哭了起来。
2. ...Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. ……亨利·亚当斯被困在国外, 没有钱, 没有朋友, 也没有地方可住。
例句:I’m trying to persuade her to come, but I’m getting nowhere.
我试着劝说她过来，但没有成功。
例句:Such methods will get you nowhere.
这些做法不会有什么结果。
Language point
【注意】
nowhere, never, hardly, neither, nor, little, seldom, by no means 等表示否定意义的副词或词
组以及 not only, not until, hardly (... when...)no sooner(... than...)等词(组)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词 be 提到主语前面。
单句语法填空
①There is nowhere for me (stay).
②He was attacked by a group of people _ of nowhere.
to stay
out
Language point
in case 万一;假使;以备;以防;免得
例句: In case you should need any help, here's my number.
万一你需要帮助的话，这是我的电话号码。
【语块积累】
(1)in case of 假使
in most cases 在多数情况下 in case of an emergency 在紧急情况下
例句:The wall was built along the river in case of floods.
沿河筑了防护墙以防洪水。
(2)in no case 决不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装结构)
in any case 无论如何;不管怎样 in this case 既然这样; 假使这样的话
in that case 既然那样;假使那样的话
例句: They yield to enemy in no case.
他们决不向敌人屈服。
3. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what should you do
万一你在国外旅行时遇到这种情况， 你该怎么办？
Language point
(3)as is often the case 情况经常是这样的(as 引导非限制性定语从句)
例句: As is often the case, he is absent.他缺席，这是常有的事。
【注意】
case，point，situation，occasion，stage 等表抽象地点的名词作先行词，且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where 引导定语从句。
单句语法填空
①In case an emergency, break the glass and press the button.
② _ is often the case, he presented us with a proper solution to it.
of
As
Language point
extent n. 程度;限度;大小;面积;范围
【语块积累】 to some extent 在某种程度上 extent of the damage 受损程度
例句: I’ve reached the extent of my patience. 我已忍无可忍。
【搭配】to... extent 到……程度;在……程度上 to a certain extent 在一定程度上
4. They ought to be able to help to some extent.
在某种程度上他们应该能帮得上。
单句语法填空
①The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and, a lesser extent,wildlife.
②He has changed to such extent that I no longer recognise him.
to
an
Language point
pursue vt.
(1)追求;致力于
【语块积累】pursue a goal追求目标 pursue aim 贯彻宗旨 pursue an objective实现目标
例句:Pursue life aim, sublimation being value.追求人生目标, 升华生命价值。
(2)执行;贯彻
【语块积累】pursue the policy 贯彻政策 pursue legal action 进行诉讼
(3)追踪;追赶;追捕
【语块积累】pursue the/a car 追赶车辆
例句:She pursued the man who had stolen a woman's bag.她追赶那个偷了一个妇女提包的男人。
5. Lily decided that she would settle in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress. 莉莉决定在纽约定居,追求她当演员的梦想。
Language point
单句语法填空
She left the theatre, hotly (pursue) by the press.
pursued
duty n.责任;义务;职责;值班;任务
【语块积累】
have a duty to do sth. 有做某事的责任 / 义务 do one’s duty 尽职;尽责 out of duty 出于责任【搭配 】
It’s one’s duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任 feel it one’s duty to do sth. 感觉做某事是某人的责任
例句: We have a duty to uphold the law.维护法律是我们的责任。
例句: Local councillors have a duty to serve the community.地方议员有义务为社区服务。
例句: It is our duty to let the world know about our diverse cultures.
让世界人民了解我们多样的文化是我们的责任。
6. Jim is not here right now. He said he would be on duty at the library this afternoon. 吉姆现在不在这里。他说他今天下午在图书馆值班。
Language point
单句语法填空
（1） Only one doctor is ____ duty today — the other doctor is off.
（2）What time do you go duty I would like you to give me a lift.
on
off
so...that... 如此……以至于……
例句: The pancakes were so good that I scoffed the lot.
那些薄饼太好吃了，我狼吞虎咽地都吃下去了。
【常用句型】
①so+adj. /adv. + that... ②so+much/little(少)+ 不可数名词+ that...
③so+many/few + 可数名词复数+ that... ④so+adj. + a/an+ 可数名词单数+ that...
例句:He ran so quickly that we all couldn’t catch up with him.
他跑得很快, 我们都追不上他。
例句:He has done so many excellent works that he was commended by Chinese government.
他的工作是如此的杰出，他得到政府的嘉奖。
Language point
7.The competition was so close that no one was sure who would win
the Best Actor award. 竞争激烈, 没有人知道谁会赢得最佳男演员奖。
单句语法填空
①His behaviour was so disappointing he left a very bad impression on us.
②They are such scientific _ (method) that we can use them directly in our educational system.
that
methods
【句型解析】 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do...
“ It is+ 形容词+of sb. + 动词不定式”意思是“某人做……是…… 的”。一般用表示人物的性格， 品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，例如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 等。
例句:It’s wrong of the other children to make fun of you. 其他孩子取笑你是不对的。
【注意】
“ It is+ 形容词+for sb. + 动词不定式”意为“对某人来说做…… 是……的”, 用于这种结构的形容词常常侧重于说明事物特征,这类形容词:important,necessary, difficult, easy, hard, safe等。例如:It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。
例如:It's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
8. I think it’s kind of Roderick and Oliver to give Henry the money.
我认为, 罗德里克和奥利弗把钱给亨利很善良。
单句语法填空
①It is stupid him to refuse the invitation.
②The physician thought would be good for you to have a holiday.
of
it
Language point
四.注意
有些情态动词有过去式 , 如:can—could, may—might, will—would, dare—dared, have to—had to 等。
情态动词
一. 概述
情态动词本身具有情态意义，表达说话人的态度、情绪和语气等。但是情态动词不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
二.常见情态动词
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)
三.情态动词的四个特点：
1.情态动词不能在句中独立作谓语
2.情态动词后接动词原形(ought to，have to 本身带有to)
3.情态动词在句中不受任何人称、数变化的影响(have to 除外)
4.各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。
Summary
Summary
一、情态动词的语法特征
情态动词可以表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等。
2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
3.情态动词必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。
4.情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。
5.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。
二、情态动词的分类
1.只作情态动词的：can/could, may/might, ought to, must
2. 可情态可实义的：need, dare/dared
3. 可情态可助动词的: shall/should, will/would
4. 相当于情态动词的: have to, used to
Summary
重点词汇
1.nowhere adv.无处;哪里都不
2.extent n.程度;限度;大小;面积;范围
3.opera n.歌剧;歌剧剧本;歌剧艺术
4.dinosaur n.恐龙
5.hug v.拥抱;搂抱;抱紧
6.pursue v.追求;致力于;执行;贯彻
7.duty n.责任;义务;职责
Homework
1. Review the key words and phrases in this class.
2. Review the the usage of modal verbs and the past future tense.
3. Complete the questions in the workbook.
Homework
