高考英语单项选择名词专项训练（附解析）
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1．Because of long-time ________ from other continents, Australia owns its special animals.
A．separation B．division C．movement D．connection
2．Strict ________ measures are taken to prevent the disease from spreading.
A．promotion B．security C．reconstruction D．vision
3．The valley was covered with a________ of heavy mist.
A．piece B．bar C．bunch D．blanket
4．People have difficulty accepting that their pictures were webcast live to millions of viewers, ______ the fact that some of them were not so graceful.
A．no doubt B．no denying C．nothing like D．not to mention
5．The man was responsible for much of the research and ______ work that led to the understanding of the structure of DNA．
A．discovery B．production C．creation D．contribution
6．He made it clear to his parents that he was going into town with the ________ of visiting the library and borrowing some books.
A．service B．intention C．doubt D．brief
7．Nowadays, many chefs take _____ from old recipe collection and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.
A．purpose B．potential C．virtue D．inspiration
8．一What about your housemate Mary
一Well, she really bores me. She's always making short videos until midnight and when I remind her, she always makes rude________.
A．fame B．conclusions C．account D．remarks
9．Bringing up a great child alone should give you a sense of________.
A．arrangement B．treatment C．embarrassment D．achievement
10．In this period, Germany was one of the countries that experienced a serious________of fuel.
A．fault B．transport C．shortage D．strategy
11．She was on the ________ of going out when the telephone rang.
A．point B．sense C．spot D．moment
12．There is no doubt that your tiredness is a(n) ________ of great stress and lack of sleep; you need to have a good rest.
A．assumption B．consequence C．consumption D．convenience
13．Though such international organizations as the United Nations are long ________, some still believe in the ________ of jungle justice to relations between countries.
A．established … adjustment B．established … application
C．abandoned … adjustment D．abandoned … application
14．The club is currently planning several ________ to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.
A．dimensions B．inspirations C．competitions D．expansions
15．Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.
A．interest B．attitude C．competence D．reputation
16．Nowadays the_________for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A．priority B．potential C．preference D．prejudice
17．They certainly need a ________of the fundamentals of playing their instruments, but learning to collaborate requires understanding how these roles work together.
A．stability B．grasp C．acknowledgement D．manner
18．The method seemed to work, as I gained the respect of my ________, peers, and subordinates.
A．alumni B．interns C．colleagues D．seniors
19．Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this ______ out of the long-existing discrimination.
A．concept B．assessment C．identity D．personality
20．The teacher often makes a(n) ________ on how different the two boys are.
A．comment B．decision C．impression D．effect
21．Angela and Ajani will pick up the marriage________ after they meet online several times, which is not sensible.
A．acquisition B．identification C．certificate D．qualification
22．The local government has begun a ________ in this city to cut down the traffic accidents.
A．protest B．protect C．project D．propose
23．Mr. Brown thought it would be a good idea to have ________ from his workers to improve his plan.
A．summaries B．admissions C．comments D．connections
24．When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math, schools may provide teaching_______, a specific program to address academic needs.
A．comparison B．accumulation C．intervention D．conservation
25．The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique________ into the influence of music on children, so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.
A．privilege B．liberty C．insight D．emergency
26．The value of life lies not only in the final success, but also in the ________ of achieving it.
A．process B．project C．program D．position
27．We’ve always regarded Dr. Smith as a man of integrity and high professional ________.
A．interest B．attitude C．competence D．reputation
28．To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel ________.
A．consumption B．collection C．commitment D．distribution
29．—Can you tell me your for happiness and a long life
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A．recipe B．record C．range D．receipt
30．The media are filled with ________ about what roles women should play in society.
A．crisis B．convention C．stereotypes D．substances
参考答案：
1．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于长期与其他大陆分离，澳大利亚拥有自己的特殊动物。A. separation分离；B. division分开；C. movement运动；D. connection关系。根据“Australia owns its special animals”可知，此处是指澳大利亚与其他大陆分离（才会产生自己的特殊动物），用separation与介词from搭配符合题意。故选A。
2．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：采取了严格的安全措施来防止疾病的传播。A. promotion促销；B. security安全；C. reconstruction重建；D. vision幻象。由“to prevent the disease from spreading”可知，句子表示“采取了严格的安全措施来防止疾病的传播”，空格处意为“安全”，故选B。
3．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：山谷笼罩着一层浓雾。A. piece张，片；B. bar块，棒；C. bunch束，串；D. blanket厚层。由“heavy mist”可知，句子表示“山谷笼罩着一层浓雾”，空格处意为“厚层；覆盖层”，故选D。
4．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：人们很难接受他们的照片被网络直播给数百万观众，更不用说它们中的一些并不那么优雅。A. no doubt毫无疑问；B. no denying不可否认；C. nothing like不像；D. not to mention更不用说。结合句意可知，此处指“人们很难接受照片被直播给别人看，就更不用说其中一些照片并不那么优雅”，not to mention符合语境。故选D。
5．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这名男子负责许多研究和发现工作，这些工作导致了对DNA结构的理解。A. discovery发现；B. production生产；C. creation创造；D. contribution贡献。根据上文“research”可知，此处是指研究和发现工作，名词作定语。故选A。
6．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向父母明确表示，他进城的目的是去图书馆借书。A. service服务；B. intention目的；C. doubt怀疑；D. brief指示，摘要。根据“visiting the library and borrowing some books”可知，此处是指进城的目的，intention符合题意，with the intension of“抱有……的目的”。故选B。
7．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，许多厨师从旧食谱中汲取灵感，重新制作菜肴，以满足年轻人的胃口。A. purpose目的；B. potential潜能；C. virtue美德；D. inspiration灵感。根据“and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.”可知，许多厨师从旧食谱中汲取灵感来制作菜肴。故选D。
8．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：——你的室友玛丽呢 ——她烦死人了。她总是拍短视频直到午夜，当我提醒她时，她总是说些粗鲁的话。A. fame 名声；B. conclusion 结论；C. account 账户；D. remark 评论，话语。短语“make remarks”意为“做出评论，说出……话”，根据句意可知，此处表达说粗鲁的话。故选D。
9．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：独自抚养一个伟大的孩子应该会给你一种成就感。A. arrangement安排；B. treatment治疗；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. achievement成就感。根据句意可知，此处表示完成一件事之后的“成就感”。故选D。
10．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一时期，德国是燃料严重短缺的国家之一。A. fault过错；B. transport运输；C. shortage短缺；D. strategy策略。根据句意和后文“of fuel”可知，此处指“燃料的短缺”。故选C项。
11．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她正要出去，电话铃响了。A. point时刻；B. sense感觉；C. spot地点；D. moment片刻，瞬间。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“on the point of…”，意为“正要……的时候”，“point”意为“时刻”，名词词性。故选A项。
12．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，你的疲劳是由于巨大的压力和睡眠不足造成的；你需要好好休息。A. assumption假设，假定；B. consequence结果，后果；C. consumption消耗；D. convenience方便。分析句意可知，你疲劳是压力大和睡眠不足的结果。故选B项。
13．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：虽然联合国等国际组织成立已久，但仍有人主张在国与国之间运用丛林正义。第一空established建立；abandoned抛弃。根据上文“Though such international organizations as the United Nations are long”指联合国等国际组织成立已久，应用establish；第二空adjustment调整；application应用。根据后文“of jungle justice to relations between countries”指在国与国之间运用丛林正义，应用application。故选B。
14．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该俱乐部目前正计划进行几次扩建，以满足在安静的地方寻求娱乐和休闲的高尔夫球手。A. dimensions维度；B. inspirations启发；C. competitions竞赛；D. expansions扩建。根据“to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.”可知，为了让高尔夫球手可以在安静地方寻求娱乐，俱乐部需要进行扩建。故选D。
15．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：医生必须不断更新他们的知识，以保持他们的专业能力 。A. interest兴趣；B. attitude态度；C. competence能力；D. reputation声誉。根据前文“update their knowledge”可知，医生不断更新知识是为了保持他们的专业能力，故选C项。
16．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当今，旅行的优先考虑的事情从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；最重要的事情；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. preference偏爱；D. prejudice偏见。结合句意可知表示“优先考虑的事情”。故选A项。
17．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们当然需要掌握演奏乐器的基本知识，但学会合作需要理解这些角色是如何协同工作的。A. stability坚定；B. grasp掌握、领会；C. acknowledgement承认；D. manner举止。根据空后的“of the fundamentals of playing their instruments”可知此处用a grasp of表示“掌握”，故选B。
18．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种方法似乎奏效了，因为我赢得了长辈、同龄人和下属的尊重。A. alumni校友；B. interns实习生；C. colleagues同事；D. seniors长辈。根据后面peers（同龄人）and subordinates（下属），可知此处应该是“长辈”。故选D项。
19．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：男护士很难被雇佣到是因为许多男性出于长期存在的歧视而抵制这个身份。A. concept观念；B. assessment评估，评价；C. identity身份；D. personality个性，品格。根据空前“Male nurses are difficult to hire”及空后“out of the long-existing discrimination”可知，很多男性抵制男护士这个身份。故选C项。
20．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：老师经常评论这两个男孩有多么不同。A.comment评论；B.decision决定；C.impression印象；D.effect影响。根据后句“on how different the two boys are（这两个男孩有多么不同）”可知为评论的具体内容，固定短语make a comment on对……做出评论。故选A。
21．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Angela和Ajani在网上见过几次面后就去领取结婚证，这是不明智的。A. acquisition习得；B. identification识别；C. certificate证明；D. qualification资格。结合句意和句中“which is not sensible”可推知，Angela和Ajani在网上见过几次面后就结婚领证，是不明智的行为。名词词组marriage certificate意为“结婚证书”，符合句意。故选C项。
22．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词和动词辨析。句意：当地政府在这个城市启动了一个方案以减少交通事故。A. protest抗议（动词或名词）；B. protect保护（动词）；C. project方案（名词）；计划（动词）；D. propose提议（动词）。根据冠词a可知，设空处需填入名词，结合主语government可知，名词“project方案”符合句意。故选C。
23．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布朗先生认为征求工人们的意见以改进他的计划是个好主意。A. summaries总结；B. admissions准许进入；C. comments意见，评论；D. connections连接。根据“from his workers to improve his plan.”可知，此处表示征求工人们的意见以改进他的计划。故选C。
24．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预，这是一个针对学业需求的特定项目。A. comparison对比；B. accumulation积累；C. intervention干预；D. conservation保护。由“When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math”可知，句子表示“当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预”，空格处意为“干预”，故选C。
25．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解，所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。A. privilege特权；B. liberty自由；C. insight洞察力，见解；D. emergency紧急情况。根据“the influence of music on children”可知，此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。故选C。
26．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人生的价值不仅在于最终的成功，还在于实现它的过程。 A.process过程；B.project工程；C.progam程序；D.position位置。根据前句“The value of life lies not only in the final success”（人生的价值不仅在于最终的成功），可知，此处意指“人生的价值还在于实现成功的过程”。故选A项。
27．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们一直认为Smith博士为人正直，专业能力强。A. interest兴趣；B. attitude态度；C. competence能力；D. reputation声誉。根据前文“high professional”可知，Smith博士专业能力强。故选C项。
28．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了对抗全球变暖，科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施。A. consumption消耗；B. collection收藏品；C. commitment承诺；D. distribution分配。根据上文“To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel”可知，指科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施，来对抗全球变暖，应用consumption。故选A。
29．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你能告诉我幸福长寿的秘诀吗？——充实地过好每一天。A. recipe方法，秘诀；B. record记录；C. range范围，界限；D. receipt收据。根据语境和后文“for happiness and a long life”及“Living every day to the full, definitely”可知，此处指“秘诀”。故选A项。
30．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：媒体充斥着关于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色的刻板印象。A. crisis危机；B. convention习俗；C. stereotypes刻板印象；D. substances物质。由what roles women should play in society可知，媒体对于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色，总有一个刻板印象。故选C项。
A．separation B．division C．movement D．connection
2．Strict ________ measures are taken to prevent the disease from spreading.
A．promotion B．security C．reconstruction D．vision
3．The valley was covered with a________ of heavy mist.
A．piece B．bar C．bunch D．blanket
4．People have difficulty accepting that their pictures were webcast live to millions of viewers, ______ the fact that some of them were not so graceful.
A．no doubt B．no denying C．nothing like D．not to mention
5．The man was responsible for much of the research and ______ work that led to the understanding of the structure of DNA．
A．discovery B．production C．creation D．contribution
6．He made it clear to his parents that he was going into town with the ________ of visiting the library and borrowing some books.
A．service B．intention C．doubt D．brief
7．Nowadays, many chefs take _____ from old recipe collection and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.
A．purpose B．potential C．virtue D．inspiration
8．一What about your housemate Mary
一Well, she really bores me. She's always making short videos until midnight and when I remind her, she always makes rude________.
A．fame B．conclusions C．account D．remarks
9．Bringing up a great child alone should give you a sense of________.
A．arrangement B．treatment C．embarrassment D．achievement
10．In this period, Germany was one of the countries that experienced a serious________of fuel.
A．fault B．transport C．shortage D．strategy
11．She was on the ________ of going out when the telephone rang.
A．point B．sense C．spot D．moment
12．There is no doubt that your tiredness is a(n) ________ of great stress and lack of sleep; you need to have a good rest.
A．assumption B．consequence C．consumption D．convenience
13．Though such international organizations as the United Nations are long ________, some still believe in the ________ of jungle justice to relations between countries.
A．established … adjustment B．established … application
C．abandoned … adjustment D．abandoned … application
14．The club is currently planning several ________ to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.
A．dimensions B．inspirations C．competitions D．expansions
15．Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.
A．interest B．attitude C．competence D．reputation
16．Nowadays the_________for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A．priority B．potential C．preference D．prejudice
17．They certainly need a ________of the fundamentals of playing their instruments, but learning to collaborate requires understanding how these roles work together.
A．stability B．grasp C．acknowledgement D．manner
18．The method seemed to work, as I gained the respect of my ________, peers, and subordinates.
A．alumni B．interns C．colleagues D．seniors
19．Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this ______ out of the long-existing discrimination.
A．concept B．assessment C．identity D．personality
20．The teacher often makes a(n) ________ on how different the two boys are.
A．comment B．decision C．impression D．effect
21．Angela and Ajani will pick up the marriage________ after they meet online several times, which is not sensible.
A．acquisition B．identification C．certificate D．qualification
22．The local government has begun a ________ in this city to cut down the traffic accidents.
A．protest B．protect C．project D．propose
23．Mr. Brown thought it would be a good idea to have ________ from his workers to improve his plan.
A．summaries B．admissions C．comments D．connections
24．When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math, schools may provide teaching_______, a specific program to address academic needs.
A．comparison B．accumulation C．intervention D．conservation
25．The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique________ into the influence of music on children, so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.
A．privilege B．liberty C．insight D．emergency
26．The value of life lies not only in the final success, but also in the ________ of achieving it.
A．process B．project C．program D．position
27．We’ve always regarded Dr. Smith as a man of integrity and high professional ________.
A．interest B．attitude C．competence D．reputation
28．To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel ________.
A．consumption B．collection C．commitment D．distribution
29．—Can you tell me your for happiness and a long life
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A．recipe B．record C．range D．receipt
30．The media are filled with ________ about what roles women should play in society.
A．crisis B．convention C．stereotypes D．substances
参考答案：
1．A
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于长期与其他大陆分离，澳大利亚拥有自己的特殊动物。A. separation分离；B. division分开；C. movement运动；D. connection关系。根据“Australia owns its special animals”可知，此处是指澳大利亚与其他大陆分离（才会产生自己的特殊动物），用separation与介词from搭配符合题意。故选A。
2．B
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：采取了严格的安全措施来防止疾病的传播。A. promotion促销；B. security安全；C. reconstruction重建；D. vision幻象。由“to prevent the disease from spreading”可知，句子表示“采取了严格的安全措施来防止疾病的传播”，空格处意为“安全”，故选B。
3．D
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：山谷笼罩着一层浓雾。A. piece张，片；B. bar块，棒；C. bunch束，串；D. blanket厚层。由“heavy mist”可知，句子表示“山谷笼罩着一层浓雾”，空格处意为“厚层；覆盖层”，故选D。
4．D
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考查固定短语辨析。句意：人们很难接受他们的照片被网络直播给数百万观众，更不用说它们中的一些并不那么优雅。A. no doubt毫无疑问；B. no denying不可否认；C. nothing like不像；D. not to mention更不用说。结合句意可知，此处指“人们很难接受照片被直播给别人看，就更不用说其中一些照片并不那么优雅”，not to mention符合语境。故选D。
5．A
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：这名男子负责许多研究和发现工作，这些工作导致了对DNA结构的理解。A. discovery发现；B. production生产；C. creation创造；D. contribution贡献。根据上文“research”可知，此处是指研究和发现工作，名词作定语。故选A。
6．B
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向父母明确表示，他进城的目的是去图书馆借书。A. service服务；B. intention目的；C. doubt怀疑；D. brief指示，摘要。根据“visiting the library and borrowing some books”可知，此处是指进城的目的，intention符合题意，with the intension of“抱有……的目的”。故选B。
7．D
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，许多厨师从旧食谱中汲取灵感，重新制作菜肴，以满足年轻人的胃口。A. purpose目的；B. potential潜能；C. virtue美德；D. inspiration灵感。根据“and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.”可知，许多厨师从旧食谱中汲取灵感来制作菜肴。故选D。
8．D
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考查名词。句意：——你的室友玛丽呢 ——她烦死人了。她总是拍短视频直到午夜，当我提醒她时，她总是说些粗鲁的话。A. fame 名声；B. conclusion 结论；C. account 账户；D. remark 评论，话语。短语“make remarks”意为“做出评论，说出……话”，根据句意可知，此处表达说粗鲁的话。故选D。
9．D
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：独自抚养一个伟大的孩子应该会给你一种成就感。A. arrangement安排；B. treatment治疗；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. achievement成就感。根据句意可知，此处表示完成一件事之后的“成就感”。故选D。
10．C
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一时期，德国是燃料严重短缺的国家之一。A. fault过错；B. transport运输；C. shortage短缺；D. strategy策略。根据句意和后文“of fuel”可知，此处指“燃料的短缺”。故选C项。
11．A
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：她正要出去，电话铃响了。A. point时刻；B. sense感觉；C. spot地点；D. moment片刻，瞬间。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“on the point of…”，意为“正要……的时候”，“point”意为“时刻”，名词词性。故选A项。
12．B
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，你的疲劳是由于巨大的压力和睡眠不足造成的；你需要好好休息。A. assumption假设，假定；B. consequence结果，后果；C. consumption消耗；D. convenience方便。分析句意可知，你疲劳是压力大和睡眠不足的结果。故选B项。
13．B
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考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：虽然联合国等国际组织成立已久，但仍有人主张在国与国之间运用丛林正义。第一空established建立；abandoned抛弃。根据上文“Though such international organizations as the United Nations are long”指联合国等国际组织成立已久，应用establish；第二空adjustment调整；application应用。根据后文“of jungle justice to relations between countries”指在国与国之间运用丛林正义，应用application。故选B。
14．D
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：该俱乐部目前正计划进行几次扩建，以满足在安静的地方寻求娱乐和休闲的高尔夫球手。A. dimensions维度；B. inspirations启发；C. competitions竞赛；D. expansions扩建。根据“to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.”可知，为了让高尔夫球手可以在安静地方寻求娱乐，俱乐部需要进行扩建。故选D。
15．C
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：医生必须不断更新他们的知识，以保持他们的专业能力 。A. interest兴趣；B. attitude态度；C. competence能力；D. reputation声誉。根据前文“update their knowledge”可知，医生不断更新知识是为了保持他们的专业能力，故选C项。
16．A
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：当今，旅行的优先考虑的事情从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；最重要的事情；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. preference偏爱；D. prejudice偏见。结合句意可知表示“优先考虑的事情”。故选A项。
17．B
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们当然需要掌握演奏乐器的基本知识，但学会合作需要理解这些角色是如何协同工作的。A. stability坚定；B. grasp掌握、领会；C. acknowledgement承认；D. manner举止。根据空后的“of the fundamentals of playing their instruments”可知此处用a grasp of表示“掌握”，故选B。
18．D
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种方法似乎奏效了，因为我赢得了长辈、同龄人和下属的尊重。A. alumni校友；B. interns实习生；C. colleagues同事；D. seniors长辈。根据后面peers（同龄人）and subordinates（下属），可知此处应该是“长辈”。故选D项。
19．C
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：男护士很难被雇佣到是因为许多男性出于长期存在的歧视而抵制这个身份。A. concept观念；B. assessment评估，评价；C. identity身份；D. personality个性，品格。根据空前“Male nurses are difficult to hire”及空后“out of the long-existing discrimination”可知，很多男性抵制男护士这个身份。故选C项。
20．A
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考查名词。句意：老师经常评论这两个男孩有多么不同。A.comment评论；B.decision决定；C.impression印象；D.effect影响。根据后句“on how different the two boys are（这两个男孩有多么不同）”可知为评论的具体内容，固定短语make a comment on对……做出评论。故选A。
21．C
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：Angela和Ajani在网上见过几次面后就去领取结婚证，这是不明智的。A. acquisition习得；B. identification识别；C. certificate证明；D. qualification资格。结合句意和句中“which is not sensible”可推知，Angela和Ajani在网上见过几次面后就结婚领证，是不明智的行为。名词词组marriage certificate意为“结婚证书”，符合句意。故选C项。
22．C
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考查名词和动词辨析。句意：当地政府在这个城市启动了一个方案以减少交通事故。A. protest抗议（动词或名词）；B. protect保护（动词）；C. project方案（名词）；计划（动词）；D. propose提议（动词）。根据冠词a可知，设空处需填入名词，结合主语government可知，名词“project方案”符合句意。故选C。
23．C
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：布朗先生认为征求工人们的意见以改进他的计划是个好主意。A. summaries总结；B. admissions准许进入；C. comments意见，评论；D. connections连接。根据“from his workers to improve his plan.”可知，此处表示征求工人们的意见以改进他的计划。故选C。
24．C
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预，这是一个针对学业需求的特定项目。A. comparison对比；B. accumulation积累；C. intervention干预；D. conservation保护。由“When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math”可知，句子表示“当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预”，空格处意为“干预”，故选C。
25．C
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解，所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。A. privilege特权；B. liberty自由；C. insight洞察力，见解；D. emergency紧急情况。根据“the influence of music on children”可知，此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。故选C。
26．A
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：人生的价值不仅在于最终的成功，还在于实现它的过程。 A.process过程；B.project工程；C.progam程序；D.position位置。根据前句“The value of life lies not only in the final success”（人生的价值不仅在于最终的成功），可知，此处意指“人生的价值还在于实现成功的过程”。故选A项。
27．C
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们一直认为Smith博士为人正直，专业能力强。A. interest兴趣；B. attitude态度；C. competence能力；D. reputation声誉。根据前文“high professional”可知，Smith博士专业能力强。故选C项。
28．A
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了对抗全球变暖，科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施。A. consumption消耗；B. collection收藏品；C. commitment承诺；D. distribution分配。根据上文“To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel”可知，指科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施，来对抗全球变暖，应用consumption。故选A。
29．A
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你能告诉我幸福长寿的秘诀吗？——充实地过好每一天。A. recipe方法，秘诀；B. record记录；C. range范围，界限；D. receipt收据。根据语境和后文“for happiness and a long life”及“Living every day to the full, definitely”可知，此处指“秘诀”。故选A项。
30．C
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：媒体充斥着关于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色的刻板印象。A. crisis危机；B. convention习俗；C. stereotypes刻板印象；D. substances物质。由what roles women should play in society可知，媒体对于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色，总有一个刻板印象。故选C项。