2022届高考英语句子成分精讲课件（25张PPT）

(共25张PPT)
高中英语句子成分讲解课件
（附练习及答案）
1. S. (主语) The Subject
概念：动作的执行者。表达句子所
说的是“什么人或物”，通常由名词、
代词或相当于名词的词（短语）充
当。
例句：We help her.
Jane is a teacher.
To find him isn`t easy.
2. V.（谓语动词）The Predicate
概念：动作的执行方式。说明主
语 “做什么”、 “是什么” 或“怎么
样”。谓语必须是动词，没有动词
时通常加be动词充当谓语，但不
能加助动词充当谓语。
例句： We walk to school.
Bob is sleeping.
She is happy.
3. O.（宾语）The Object
概念：动作的承受者。表示动作或
行为的对象。通常由名词、
代词或相当于名词的词（短
语）充当。
例句：She helps me.
I want to go.
We speak English every day.
双宾语
直接宾语（DO.）：谓语动词直接指向的承受者，通常指物。
间接宾语（InO.）：谓语动词间接的承受者，表示谓语动词动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做）通常指人。间接宾语紧跟在谓语动词后面，它和直接宾语组成双宾，不能单独存在。
He gave me an apple.
4. P.（表语）The Predicative
概念：陈述的结果。说明主语
“是什么” 或“怎么样”。由
名词、代词或形容词等充当。
例句：
Bob is a basketball player.
Are you OK
5. At.（定语） The Attribute
概念：
修饰名词或代词的成分。
通常由形容词、名词、代词、
数词、介词短语或相当于形
容词的词充当。
例句：
Bob is a good boy.
There is a book store here.
He has two cars.
The book on the desk is mine.
6. Adv.（状语）The Adverbial
概念：
修饰动词、形容词或副词的
成分。通常表示动作发生的时间、
地点、方式、目的及程度等。
通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定
式或不定式短语等充当。
例句：
Jim will come tomorrow.
They work hard.
I often go to school by bike.
I come to visit you.
7. OC.（宾语补足语）
The Object Complement
概念：补充说明宾语的成分。
说明宾语的意义、状态等。通常由名词、动词、形容词或动词不定式等充当。
例句：
I call him brother.
He made me laugh.
She made me happy.
He asked me to come.
8. Ap.（同位语）Appositive
概念：紧跟在名词或代词后，对前面的名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。即两个词（词组）在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时。
二者关系紧密时不用逗号隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗号隔开。同位语并不影响其后面的动词的单复数形式（由其前面的主语词决定）。
例句:
1.Yesterday I met Jane, a
friend of my sister's.
2. He told me that his sister
Jane is a doctor.
3. We Chinese people are brave
and hardworking.
4. He is interested in TV
play, especially action
movies.
5. We both come from China.
6. Our teachers , each are
friendly to us.
7. You five take these seats.
8. I want to meet the
headmaster himself.
9. You yourself must come.
10. People , old and young ,
like cartoons.
注意：
虚词通常在句中不能单独充当句子成分。
但虚词与其他词构成短语，则可以担任
句子成分，如介词与名词、代词、动名
词等构成介词短语则可以担任句子成分。
I don`t like the traditions of the Japanese.
The book on the desk is mine.
在句子中不能充当句子成分的词有：
A.冠词：The boss has gone to Kunming.
B.介词：
He got into difficulties.
C. 连词：
My room is clean and tidy.
Exercises
一、指出下列句子划线部分的句子成分：
1. The students come here by school bus.
2. Jim handed him the cup.
3. I shall answer your question soon.
S.
At.
O.
V.
Adv.
4 . Her job is to train singers.
5. He took many photos yesterday.
6. There is going to be a test soon.
P.
At.
O.
Adv.
S.
V.
7. Our classmates, each
have a dictionary.
。
8. Each of us likes Mr. Li,
our head teacher.
Ap.
O.
S.
O.
Ap.
THE END !
THANK YOU!