中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum
Section B (3a—self check) 导学案
学 年 2021-2022年度第二学期 科目 八年级英语 课题 Unit 9 Section B (3a-self check) 授课时间
主 备 人 使用人 八年级师生 课型 写作课 审核签字 学案序号 9-6
学习目标 通过阅读例文，梳理篇章结构，并尝试运用一些含有现在完成时的句子描述自己的家乡或祖国的著名景点。 通过写作范例展示，由简入难，使学生逐步掌握写作技巧(审题、内容大纲、重点句式、梳理成文)。 通过本单元系统学习，写作应用，让学生对自己的家乡和祖国的名胜古迹有更深入的了解，培养学生的爱国情操。
重 点 通过写作范例展示，由简入难，使学生逐步掌握写作技巧。 运用写作技巧灵活地运用到写作中去。
难 点
教师寄语 Traveling thousands of miles is better than reading thousands of books.行万里路,胜读万卷书。
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列短语。 游乐场 _________________________茶艺 ___________________________两个；一对；几个 _________________历史博物馆 _____________________太空博物馆 _____________________艺术博物馆 _____________________水上公园 _______________________导致 ___________________________搭帐篷__________________________如此迅速 ______________________在将来_________________________电影博物馆_____________________鼓励某人做某事__________________某个不同的地方_________________茶艺表演_______________________在中国以外_____________________全年___________________________选择做某事_____________________在白天_________________________靠近；接近______________________一个说英语的国家_______________数以千计的；许许多多的__________做某事有困难___________________人口的四分之三_________________一方面… 另一方面…___________________________________
二、写出下列单词变形 amuse (动词)→____________ (名词)perfect (形容词)→____________ (副词)encouragement (名词)→_________ (动词)India (动词)→____________ (形容词)fear (动词)→____________ (形容词)simple (形容词)→____________ (副词)fox (名词)→____________ (复数)whether→____________ (同音词)most (形容词)→____________ (副词)spring (名词)→____________ (对应词)nation (名词)→____________(形容词)safe (形容词)→_____(副词)→_____(名词)Japan (名词)→________(形容词)→________(名词)日本人→_________(复数)日本人invent (动词)→____________/____________(名词)collect (动词)→____________/____________(名词)peace (名词)→____________(形容词)→____________(副词)perform(动词)→____________/____________(名词)usually (副词)→____________(形容词)→____________(形容词的反义词)believe (动词)→____________(形容词)→____________ (形容词的反义词)German(形容词/名词)→____________(复数)德国人→____________ (名词)social (形容词)→____________(副词)→____________(名词)it (主格/宾格)→__________(反身代词)→________(形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词)
精讲点拨 现在未完成时的用法。 现在完成时的定义 ① 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 eg：—It's so dark. 太黑了。 —Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。（有人把灯关了，对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑） ② 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since加过去时间间点；for+一段时间，so far等时间状语连用。 eg：I have lived here for ten years. 我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住在这儿） I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住在这儿） 现在完成时的构成及句式转换 ◆ 肯定句：主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其他. eg：I have bought lots of books about Western customs. 我买了许多有关西方风俗的书。 He has been to the Great Wall. 他去过长城。 They have already seen the film. 他们已经看过这部电影了。 ◆ 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. eg：The Simpsons haven't been to Canada since the day they left. 从离开那天起，辛普森一家就再也没去过加拿大。 Eric hasn't got his plane tickets yet. 埃里克还没有买到飞机票。 ◆ 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+have/has not. eg：－Have you read Journey to the West 你读过《西游记》吗？ －Yes, I have.是的，我已经看了。/ No,I haven't. 不，我还没看过。 －Has she lived here for 2 years 她在这里住了两年了吗？ －Yes, she has. 是的，他住两年了。/No, she hasn't. 不，他没有住两年。 ◆ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他 eg：How long have you been here 你到这儿多久了？ How many times have you been to the Great Wall 你去过长城几次？ －Which book have you read 你读过哪本书？ －Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.《白雪公主和七个小矮人》。 现在完成时之ever和never ① ever 的含义及用法 ever 作副词，意为“曾经”，常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中，位于助动词 have/ha之后、过去分词之前。 eg：Have you ever seen anything like it 你曾见过像它这样的东西吗 I don't think I have ever been here before. 我觉得我以前从未到过这里。 ② never 的含义及用法 never 作副词，意为“从不；从未”，常用于现在完成时中，表示否定含义，位于助动词 have/has 之后、过去分词之前。 eg：I have never been to Hong Kong.我从来没去过香港。 neither和so表示“我也一样”用法 －I’ve been to the art museum many times. －Me, too. And I’ve also visited the nature museum. －I’ve never been to a water park. －Me neither. (1) Me,too. 翻译为“我也一样”，表示后者与前者情形相同，也可以用“so+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语”, 此处也可以说 So have I. (2) Me neither. 翻译为“我也没…”后者与前者情形相同“也不…”,也可以用 “neither+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语”，此处也Neither have I. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 一般过去时与过去的时间的连用，如：yesterday, last year，……ago, in 1990, in October, just now 等。现在完成时不能与过去的时间的连用。现在完成时的时间状语有：ever, never, just, yet, in the past/last few years, recently, so far等。0 eg：I have ever seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在完成时） I saw the film last week. 我上周看了这部电影。（一般过去时） 现在完成时表示对现在有影响或持续到现在，强调“到现在”，而一般过去时对现在没有影响或没有持续到现在，强调“过去做”。 eg：I have bought a car. 我已经买了一辆车了。（强调到现在，已经拥有） I bought a car. 我买了一辆车。（强调过去买了车，是否拥有，不知道） I have been in China for 10 years.Now, I teach English in Beijing. 我在中国待了十年，现在我在北京教英文。（状态持续到现在，用现在完成时） I was in China for 10 years.Now, I teach Chinese in Tokyo. 我在中国待了十年，现在我在东京教中文。（状态没有持续到现在，用一般过去时） have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的区别 have/has been to 表示“曾经去过某地”，暗含现在已不在那里了。后可接次数，如 once, twice, three times 等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。 have/has gone to 表示“去某地了”，暗含说话时该人不在现场。 eg：My sister has been to Dalian twice. 我姐姐去过大连两次。 Have you ever been to the West Lake 你曾经去过西湖吗 — Where is Jim 吉姆在哪里 — He has gone to England.他去英国了。 (尚未回来)
检测小结 一、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。 have been tohave gone tohave been in
—Where is Tony —He ____________ his friend's home. My mother____________ Beijing and she will come back in two days. His father ____________ Shanghai for a week.He is there on business. —____________ you ever ____________ Toronto —Not yet. ititsitself
Mike has a beautiful pet bird.________ name is Polly. The baby cat hurt ________ when it fell off the tree yesterday. I can't find my ticket.I think I lost ________ yesterday. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 —Where is Mr. Brown —He ________(go) to the library. He will come back in an hour. The worker ________(plant) many trees the day before yesterday. We ________(learn) English for more than two years. She had some problems ________(get) on with her classmates last term. Hainan Island is a good place ________(take) winter holidays. As parents，we should often encourage children ________(work) hard. The two students are talking in ________. They both have stayed in ________ for two years.(German) It is ________(usual) for him to be so active because he is often a boy of few words. I have made great ________(progress) in Chinese in the past few years. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子。 你尝过这种巧克力吗？ ________ you ________this kind of chocolate 一方面，我想去参加聚会，另一方面我应该学习。 On the one hand, I want to go to the party. ________ ________ ________ ________， I should study. 到目前为止，我们班接近三分之二的学生都参加了体育俱乐部。 So far, nearly two ________ of the students in our class have ________ the P．E. club. 在地震中，三千栋房子被毁坏，数以千计的人无家可归。 During the earthquake, ________ ________ houses got broken and ________ ________ people became homeless.
参考答案
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列短语。 amusement parktea arta couple ofa history museuma space museuman art museuma water parklead toput up a tentin such a rapid wayin the futurea film museumencourage sb. to do sth.somewhere differentthe tea art performanceoutside of Chinaall year roundchoose to do sth.during the daytimebe close toan English-speaking countrythousands ofhave problems doing sth.three quarters of the populationon the one hand…… on the other hand……
二、写出下列单词变形 amuse (动词)→amusement (名词)perfect (形容词)→perfectly (副词)encouragement (名词)→encourage (动词)India (动词)→Indian (形容词)fear (动词)→fearful (形容词)simple (形容词)→simply (副词)fox (名词)→foxes (复数)whether→weather (同音词)most (形容词)→mostly (副词)spring (名词)→autumn/fall (对应词)nation (名词)→national (形容词)safe (形容词)→safely (副词)→safety (名词)Japan (名词)→Japanese (形容词)→Japanese(名词)日本人→Japanese (复数)日本人invent (动词)→inventor/invention (名词)collect (动词)→collector/collection (名词)peace (名词)→peaceful (形容词)→peacefully (副词)perform(动词)→performance/performer (名词)usually (副词)→usual (形容词)→unusual (形容词的反义词)believe (动词)→believable (形容词)→unbelievable (形容词的反义词)German(形容词/名词)→Germans(复数)德国人→Germany (名词)social (形容词)→socially (副词)→society(名词)it (主格/宾格)→itself (反身代词)→its(形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词)
检测小结 一、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。 has gone tohas gone tohas been inHave; been toItsitselfit
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 has goneplantedhave learnedgettingto taketo workGerman; Germanyunusualprogress
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。 Have; triedOn the other handthirds; joinedthree thousand; thousands of
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