2022年中考英语考前20天终极冲刺之数词
一.选择题(共20小题)
1.(2019 虹口区一模)Harry's mum looks young and beautiful.It's hard to imagine she is already in her ________.( )
A.fifty B.fifties C.fiftieths D.fiftieth
2.(2018 奉贤区一模)The high﹣speed rail train"FuXing"can run at a speed of over _______kilometers an hour.( )
A.three hundred B.three hundreds
C.three hundred of D.three hundreds of
3.(2022 常州一模)There are________teachers in our school,______of them are women teachers.( )
A.two hundreds;four fifth
B.two hundred;four fifth
C.two hundred;four fifths
D.two hundreds;fourth fifths
4.(2021 湘西州)﹣﹣﹣How much honey do we need?
﹣﹣﹣Let's see.Two _________.( )
A.spoons of honey B.spoon of honeys
C.spoons of honeys
5.(2020秋 萨尔图区期末)Amy's mother looks young and beautiful.It is hard to imagine that she is already in her .( )
A.fifty B.fiftieth
C.the fiftieth D.fifties
6.(2020 重庆一模)There are about ________ people in the village.( )
A.eight hundred B.eight hundreds
C.eight hundred of D.eight hundreds of
7.(2022 黔东南州一模)There are fifty students in this class, of them are boys,so the number of the boys thirty.( )
A.three fifth;are B.three five;are
C.three fifths;is D.third five;is
8.(2022春 天宁区校级期中)It is reported_____of the soil around the world was polluted in the _____ .( )
A.Two﹣thirds;1990 B.Two﹣third;1990s
C.To﹣third;1990 D.Two﹣thirds;1990s
9.(2020 荆州)﹣﹣﹣What did the teacher say?
﹣﹣﹣He told us to go over __________lessons.( )
A.three first B.first three
C.the three first D.the first three
10.(2020秋 安溪县校级月考)﹣﹣﹣Can you write the number eighty﹣five thousand, six hundred and twenty﹣six?
﹣﹣﹣Sure.________.( )
A.85662 B.58626 C.58662 D.85626
11.(2020秋 卢龙县期末)﹣How many students are there in your class ?
﹣ . Fifteen girls and fifteen boys .( )
A.Thirty B.Thirteen
C.Thirtieth D.Twenty﹣eight
12.(2022春 芜湖期中)Take the turning your right,then you will see Jinghu Park.( )
A.first;on B.one;at C.first;of D.one;on
13.(2022春 古田县期中)—I don't like either of the sweaters.Can I try on a __________one?
—OK,wait a minute.( )
A.second B.third C.fourth
14.(2015 鹿城区校级自主招生)Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs.( )
A.as twice large as B.twice as large as
C.twice as much as D.as twice much as
15.(2022 黔东南州一模)Russia﹣Ukraine War(俄乌之战) makes people become homeless .I really hope the war can stop at once.( )
A.thousand B.thousands
C.thousand of D.thousands of
16.(2021 沿河县校级模拟)The apartment has ______floors and Mr.Smith lives on the______floor with his family.( )
A.twelve;twelve B.twelve;twelfth
C.twelfth;twelve D.twelfth;twelfth
17.(2021 凤凰县模拟)This is the _______ time that I come to Beijing.I went here last year.( )
A.first B.second C.third
18.(2022 庆阳模拟)﹣There are Chinese people who won the Nobel Prize.Do you know them?
﹣Yes.Besides Mo Yan.Tu Youyou was the winner in the field of science.( )
A.two;one B.second;first
C.two;first D.second;one
19.(2022 徐汇区二模)The topic "Food Safety" receives ________ Internet hits (点击) from customers every day.( )
A.thousands B.thousand
C.thousand of D.thousands of
20.(2021 河池模拟)We all know there are days in a year.
A.three hundred,sixty﹣five
B.three hundreds and sixty﹣five
C.three hundreds,sixty﹣five
D.three hundred and sixty﹣five
2022年中考英语考前20天终极冲刺之数词
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共20小题)
1.(2019 虹口区一模)Harry's mum looks young and beautiful.It's hard to imagine she is already in her ________.( )
A.fifty B.fifties C.fiftieths D.fiftieth
【考点】基数词.
【分析】哈里的妈妈看起来年轻漂亮。很难想象她都已经50多岁了。
【解答】答案:B 表示在某人多少岁了,其固定表达是in one's+基数词复数。
故选:B。
【点评】本题考查基数词,记住其固定表达即可作出正确选择。
2.(2018 奉贤区一模)The high﹣speed rail train"FuXing"can run at a speed of over _______kilometers an hour.( )
A.three hundred B.three hundreds
C.three hundred of D.three hundreds of
【考点】基数词.
【分析】高铁列车"复兴号"可以以每小时三百公里的速度行驶。
【解答】答案:A 分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是高铁列车"复兴号"可以以每小时三百公里的速度行驶。前面是具体的数词three,后接hundred的单数,其它表达是错误的。
故选:A。
【点评】解答这类试题时,务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系,找到解题的依据,同时正确区分选项的细微差别,准确作答。
3.(2022 常州一模)There are________teachers in our school,______of them are women teachers.( )
A.two hundreds;four fifth
B.two hundred;four fifth
C.two hundred;four fifths
D.two hundreds;fourth fifths
【考点】数词的用法;分数表达法.
【分析】我们学校有200名教师,其中五分之四是女教师。
【解答】第一个空白处为"200名教师",表示数量,要用基数词,two hundred二百,排除答案A和D;第二个空白处意为"五分之四",英语中分数表示,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母要用名词复数,排除B。
故选:C。
【点评】数词的考查,主要有读法、写法、基数词和序数词以及特殊用法等方面,在做题时要逐一考虑到。
4.(2021 湘西州)﹣﹣﹣How much honey do we need?
﹣﹣﹣Let's see.Two _________.( )
A.spoons of honey B.spoon of honeys
C.spoons of honeys
【考点】数词的用法.
【分析】﹣你需要多少蜂蜜?﹣让我看看。两勺蜂蜜。
【解答】不可数名词表达可数意义时要在不可数名词前加表示可数意义时的量词词组,数量超过1时,量词后要加s。honey是不可数名词,不能加s,故B,C不对。
故选:A。
【点评】主要考查不可数名词和量词词组的应用。
5.(2020秋 萨尔图区期末)Amy's mother looks young and beautiful.It is hard to imagine that she is already in her .( )
A.fifty B.fiftieth
C.the fiftieth D.fifties
【考点】数词的用法.
【分析】诶米的妈妈看起来年轻漂亮.很难想象她已经五十多岁了.
【解答】答案:D
根据句意,考查数词用法.in one's +整十的复数形式,表示在某人多大岁数时. fifty 的复数形式是fifties. 故答案为D.
【点评】做单项选择填空的技巧是: 排除比较法.根据上下文意思或时间状语,推断出合适的时态,排除错误的答案,然后再比较剩下的选择项,从而做出正确的答案.
6.(2020 重庆一模)There are about ________ people in the village.( )
A.eight hundred B.eight hundreds
C.eight hundred of D.eight hundreds of
【考点】数词的用法.
【分析】这个村庄大约有八百人.
【解答】根据选项中都有hundred,可知这是考查hundred的用法:数字+hundred或者hundreds of.故可以排除B,C,D选项.
故选:A.
【点评】本题考查hundred的用法,这种题看到选项直接背诵出它的两个用法,和选项一对应,就可选出正确答案.
7.(2022 黔东南州一模)There are fifty students in this class, of them are boys,so the number of the boys thirty.( )
A.three fifth;are B.three five;are
C.three fifths;is D.third five;is
【考点】分数表达法;主谓一致.
【分析】在这个班里有五十名学生,他们中有五分之三是男生,因此男生的数量是三十。
【解答】根据题干和语境,可知第一空考查分数的表达方式,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大过一的时候,分母后加s,因此是three fifths;第二空是考查主谓一致的情况,主语" the number of the boys"是the number of修饰名词做主语,谓语动词单复数根据意义一致的原则,应用单数形式,因此用is。
故选:C。
【点评】掌握分数的表达法,以及the number of的含义和用法,结合语境,给出答案。
8.(2022春 天宁区校级期中)It is reported_____of the soil around the world was polluted in the _____ .( )
A.Two﹣thirds;1990 B.Two﹣third;1990s
C.To﹣third;1990 D.Two﹣thirds;1990s
【考点】分数表达法;日期.
【分析】据报道,世界上三分之二的土壤在20世纪90年代受到污染。
【解答】考查三分之二的表示方法,用英语表达分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母加﹣s,三分之二表达为two thirds,因此排除选项B和C;表示世纪和年代世纪用in the+年份复数,因此20世纪90年代用英文表示为:in the 1990s,因此排除选项A。
故选:D。
【点评】理解句意,根据所学并结合选项即可作答。
9.(2020 荆州)﹣﹣﹣What did the teacher say?
﹣﹣﹣He told us to go over __________lessons.( )
A.three first B.first three
C.the three first D.the first three
【考点】数词的用法;定冠词(the).
【分析】﹣老师说了什么?
﹣他让我们复习前三节课.
【解答】表示前几个,开始的几个用the first+基数词.此处表示前三课用the first three lessons.
故选:D.
【点评】掌握数词的用法是解答本题的关键.
10.(2020秋 安溪县校级月考)﹣﹣﹣Can you write the number eighty﹣five thousand, six hundred and twenty﹣six?
﹣﹣﹣Sure.________.( )
A.85662 B.58626 C.58662 D.85626
【考点】数词的用法.
【分析】﹣你能写出八万五千六百二十六这个数字吗?﹣当然,85626.
【解答】在英语中表示万时要用千表示, eighty﹣five thousand就是八万五千,six hundred and twenty﹣six是626,故数字是85626.
故选:D.
【点评】了解数字的表达法是解答本题的关键.
11.(2020秋 卢龙县期末)﹣How many students are there in your class ?
﹣ . Fifteen girls and fifteen boys .( )
A.Thirty B.Thirteen
C.Thirtieth D.Twenty﹣eight
【考点】基数词.
【分析】﹣你们班上有多少名学生?﹣30名。15个女生和15个男生。
【解答】A表示30,B表示13,C表示第30,D表示28。根据题干中回答可知班里有30名学生,此处how many询问数量,则应用基数词,A选项符合题意。
故选:A。
【点评】本题考查基数词,要求学生熟悉选项的含义,再根据题干即可作出选择。
12.(2022春 芜湖期中)Take the turning your right,then you will see Jinghu Park.( )
A.first;on B.one;at C.first;of D.one;on
【考点】序数词;常用介词的辨析.
【分析】在第一个路口向右拐,然后你就会看到镜湖公园。
【解答】根据题干,可知考查take the+序数词+turning on one's right/left某人在第……个路口向右/左转。
故选:A。
【点评】熟悉序数词的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
13.(2022春 古田县期中)—I don't like either of the sweaters.Can I try on a __________one?
—OK,wait a minute.( )
A.second B.third C.fourth
【考点】序数词.
【分析】﹣﹣这两件毛衣我都不喜欢。我能再试穿一件吗?
﹣﹣好的,等一下。
【解答】second第二;third第三;fourth第四。根据I don't like either of the sweaters."这两件毛衣我都不喜欢。"可知,a+序数词,表示"再一,又一",这里填序数词third。
故选:B。
【点评】序数词表示第几,积累固定一些固定搭配,结合语境,分析选项,选择正确答案。
14.(2015 鹿城区校级自主招生)Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs.( )
A.as twice large as B.twice as large as
C.twice as much as D.as twice much as
【考点】倍数表达法.
【分析】十年前我们村的人口是他们村的两倍.
【解答】population往往与large 或small搭配,且形容词比较级的结构之一为:倍数+as+形容词原级+as…,
故选:B.
【点评】要掌握large或small与population的搭配含义,并掌握固定结构倍数+as+形容词原级+as…,根据句意便能得出正确答案.
15.(2022 黔东南州一模)Russia﹣Ukraine War(俄乌之战) makes people become homeless .I really hope the war can stop at once.( )
A.thousand B.thousands
C.thousand of D.thousands of
【考点】数词的用法.
【分析】俄乌战争使成千上万的人无家可归。我真的希望战争能立即停止。
【解答】thousand"千"和of连用时,应加s,表示概数。
故选:D。
【点评】数词的考查,主要有读法、写法、基数词和序数词以及特殊用法等方面,在做题时要逐一考虑到。
16.(2021 沿河县校级模拟)The apartment has ______floors and Mr.Smith lives on the______floor with his family.( )
A.twelve;twelve B.twelve;twelfth
C.twelfth;twelve D.twelfth;twelfth
【考点】数词的用法.
【分析】这套公寓有12层,史密斯先生和他的家人住在12层。
【解答】twelve十二,基数词;twelfth第十二,序数词。根据句意可知,空一表示数量,应用基数词;空二表示顺序,应用序数词。
故选:B。
【点评】熟记基数词和序数词的用法,结合句意和选项得出正确答案。
17.(2021 凤凰县模拟)This is the _______ time that I come to Beijing.I went here last year.( )
A.first B.second C.third
【考点】序数词.
【分析】这是我第二次来北京。我去年去过这里。
【解答】根据后面的:我去年去过这里。说明是第二次。
故选:B。
【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对序数词的掌握。
18.(2022 庆阳模拟)﹣There are Chinese people who won the Nobel Prize.Do you know them?
﹣Yes.Besides Mo Yan.Tu Youyou was the winner in the field of science.( )
A.two;one B.second;first
C.two;first D.second;one
【考点】数词的用法.
【分析】﹣有两个中国人获得了诺贝尔奖。你认识他们吗?
﹣对。除了莫言。屠呦呦是科学领域的第一个获胜者。
【解答】two+名词复数,one+名词单数,the+序数词,are后面要加复数,所以people是复数。
故选:C。
【点评】数词的考查,主要有读法、写法、基数词和序数词以及特殊用法等方面,在做题时要逐一考虑到。
19.(2022 徐汇区二模)The topic "Food Safety" receives ________ Internet hits (点击) from customers every day.( )
A.thousands B.thousand
C.thousand of D.thousands of
【考点】数词的用法.
【分析】"食品安全"这个话题每天都会从顾客那里收到成千上万的互联网点击。
【解答】thousand"千",表示约数时,与of连用,后面加s,如thousands of"成千上万的,好几千";表示具体数时,与数词连用,不加s,如two thousand"两千"。
故选:D。
【点评】通读句子,理解句意,掌握数词的用法,选择正确答案。
20.(2021 河池模拟)We all know there are days in a year.
A.three hundred,sixty﹣five
B.three hundreds and sixty﹣five
C.three hundreds,sixty﹣five
D.three hundred and sixty﹣five
【考点】数词的用法.
【分析】我们都知道一年中有365天。
【解答】hundred百,前面要用具体数字,而且hundred前面加具体数字时不用复数,即,数字+hundred +名词复数,百位以后要用and连接,十位和个位之间有连字符"﹣",
故选:D。
【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和在英语中数字的表达法。
考点卡片
1.定冠词(the)
【概念】
定冠词:
定冠词即the,表示特指人或物,用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义.区别于不定冠词,定冠词具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的"那个"或"这个"的意思.它可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用.
【用法】
(1)一般用法:
1.用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
This is the house where Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子.
2.用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物
Open the door,please.请把门打开.
3.用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the")
Once there lived a lion in the forest.Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.
从前森林里住着一只狮子.每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物.
4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前
January is the first month of the year.一月份是一年当中的第一个月.
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市.
5.表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物
the sun 太阳
the earth 地球
the sky 天空
the world 世界
6.指由普通名词构成的专有名词
the West Lake西湖
the Great Wall 长城
the United States美国
the United Nations 联合国
7.表示方向、方位
in the east 在东方
in the front 在前面
in the bottom 在底部
on the right 在右边
8.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前
the Pacific Ocean太平洋
the Yellow River 黄河
the Tianshan Mountains天山山脉t
the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡
9.在姓氏复数前,表示一家人
The Bakers came to see me yesterday.
The Greens are having dinner at home.
10.和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物
the poor 穷人
the rich 富人
the sick 病人
the wounded伤员
the good 好人
the beautiful 美丽的事物
11.用在表示阶级、政党的名词前
the working class 工人阶级
the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党
12.用在the very强调句中
This is the very book I want.这就是我想要的那本书.
13.固定用法:the+比较级…the+比较级…,表示越…越…
14.表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加the
play the piano 弹钢琴
play the violin 拉小提琴
注:中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:er﹣hu(二胡)
15.某些固定的表达法
in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
go to the cinema 去看电影
go to the theatre 去看戏
all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 前往…去的路上
16.the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物.
注意:像这类句子还有如下两种写法
A horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.
17.在句型"动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位"中要用 the,而不用人称代词.
take sb.by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb.in the face 打某人的脸
be red in the face 脸红
be lame in the right leg右腿瘸 等结构中,名词前要用the.
(2)特殊用法:
18.特指双方都明白的人或物:
Take the medicine.把药吃了.
19.与复数名词连用,指整个群体:
They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)
20.表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:
She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂.
21.用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:
the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
22.用在某些习惯用语中
for the present 暂时
go to the cinema 看电影
in the end 最后
in the dark 在黑暗中,不知道
in the least 一点,丝毫
in the open 在野外
in the past 在过去
in the event of 万一
in the morning 在上午
in the way 挡道,碍事
on the whole总体上
on the other hand 另一方面
out of the question不可能的
23.在中国传统节日前加the
The Dragon Boat Festival 龙舟节(端午节)
The Mid﹣autumn Festival中秋节
24.不使用定冠词的情况:三餐前,四季,进行球类活动前不加the.
【易混淆点】
1.如果初次提到某人或某物,一般用不定冠词a/an表示不确定的某人或某物,如果再次提到该人或该物,就用定冠词the表示特指.
例子:I ordered a hamburger and salad.________ hamburger was nice but the salad was not delicious.( )
A.An B.The C.A
分析:我点了一个汉堡和沙拉.这个汉堡很漂亮,但是沙拉不好吃.
解答:B
根据题干,可知考查冠词,第二次再出现前文提到的人或物时,要用定冠词the表特指,特指前文提到的人或物,根据题意"这个汉堡很漂亮",应该用the,故选B.
点评:熟悉冠词的基本用法,结合题意,给出答案.
2.如果事先已经提到过某人或某物,表示确定的含义,或说话双方都知道的人或物,这时要用定冠词the.
例子:﹣﹣Tina,turn on ______ radio,please.
﹣﹣OK.( )
A.a B.an C.the D./
分析:﹣Tina,请打开收音机.﹣好的.
解答:C
不定冠词a/an表泛指,定冠词the表特指;此处的"打开收音机"应该是说话双方都知道的这台收音机,所以是特指,故选C.
点评:本题考查冠词的用法,先弄清不定冠词和定冠词的用法区别,再根据情境选择正确答案.
3.注意零冠词和定冠词的区别,比如play+球类,中间不加冠词.即使用零冠词.Play+乐器类,中间用定冠词the.
例子:David plays _____ football but he doesn't play ____ piano ( )
A.\,the B.the,\C.a,the
分析:戴维踢足球,但他不弹钢琴.
解答:A.根据语境play…football(足球)和play…piano(钢琴),可知第一空处为零冠词(play和球类搭配时球类前零冠词),第二空处为the(play和乐器搭配时乐器前用the),故答案为A.
点评:本题考查冠词的用法.play和球类搭配是球类前零冠词,play和乐器搭配时乐器前用the.
4.固定用法.
例子:Some people think that robots will take ______ place of human beings.( )
A.a B.the C./D.an
分析:有些人认为机器人将会代替人类.
解答:B.根据take the place of是固定搭配,表示代替,故答案选B.
点评:本题考查定冠词the在固定搭配中的使用.
【解题方法点拨】
特指双方熟悉,上文已经提及;
世上独一无二,方位名词乐器;
某些专有名词,外加复数姓氏;
序数词和最高级,习惯用语要特记.
有水无湖就用the(海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the).
【中考命题方向】
1.零冠词和定冠词区别.(play+球类,play the+乐器)
2.序数词和固定用法,用定冠词the.
﹣Dong Guijun is _____ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.
﹣He is _____ pride of us.( )
A.the;/B.a; the C.the; the D.a;/
分析:﹣董桂军是连云港登上珠穆朗玛峰的第一人.﹣他是我们的骄傲.
解答:C.根据语境first man(第一人),序数词fisrt前必须加the,第二空后单词 pride (骄傲)为不可数名词应用the来修饰,构成the pride of…的骄傲.故答案为C.
点评:本题考查冠词的用法,泛指一类人或物用a或an.元音音素(注意不是元音字母)开头单词前用an,辅音音素开头单词前用a.特指某人、某物、序数词及乐器前用the.
3.定冠词和不定冠词区别.(定冠词the.不定式冠词a/an)
﹣﹣﹣Kate,are you ____ only child in your family?
﹣﹣﹣Yes,but ____ new baby is on the way.( )
A.a; the B.an; the C.the; a D.the; the
分析:﹣Kate,你是家里唯一的孩子吗?﹣是的,但是一个新的婴儿就要到来了.
解答:C
定冠词the表特指,不定冠词a,an表泛指或表数量"一",a用于辅音音素前,an用于元音音素前;"家里唯一的小孩"是特指,用the;"一个新婴儿"表数量"一",new的第一个音是辅音/n/,故选C.
点评:本题考查冠词辨析,先弄清其用法,再根据情景选择正确答案.
2.常用介词的辨析
【常用介词的辨析】
一、表示计量的介词:at,for,by
1.at表示"以…速度""以…价格".如:
It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.它以每小时900公里的速度飞行.
2.for表示"用…交换,以…为代价".如:
He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把车卖了.
二、表示材料的介词:of,from,in
1.of成品仍可看出原料.如:
This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的.
2.from成品已看不出原料.如:
Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的.
3.in表示用某种材料或语言.如:
Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格.
三、表示关于的介词:of,about,on
1.of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事.如:
He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片.
2.about指"关于"某人或某事物的较详细的情况.如:
Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
3.on指"关于"学术性的或严肃的事.如:
It's a textbook on the history of china.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书.
四、表示好像或当作的介词:like,as
1.like表示"像…一样",其实不是.如:
Peter the Great,like his country,was strong and proud.
彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪.
2.as表示"作为,以…身份",其实也是.如:
He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话.
五、表示支持或反对的介词:against,for
against反对,for支持,互为反义词.如:
Are you for my idea or against it?你赞同还是反对我的想法?
六、表示除某人某物外的介词:besides,except
1.besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的"除…外,还".如:
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外,还有30个学生去看了电影.(他和另外30人都去了)
He is interested in tennis besides football.除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣.
2.except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的"除去".如:
Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动.(他们激动,而我却不激动)
3.基数词
【概念】
(1)数词:
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词.数词分为两大类,基数词和序数词.在句中做句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语.
(2)基数词:
描述数目多少的数词叫作基数词,如one,two,three等.
【基数词的构成】
常见的基数词:
1 one 11 eleven 21 twenty﹣one
2 two 12 twelve 22 twenty﹣two
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty
4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty
5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty
6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty
7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy
8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty
9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety
10 ten 20 twenty 100 one hundred
101 one hundred and one
200 two hundred
.
【用法】
①1000以上的基数词的表示方法是:从右向左用分节号","分节,每三个数字为一个节,第一个分节号前用thousand,第二个分节号前用million,第三个分节号前用billion(美)或thousand million(英).
如:2,418,000,000 two billion,four hundred and eighteen million或two thousand,four hundred and eighteen million.
②hundred,thousand,million,billion等用在具体的数字后面时不能加﹣s或of:hundred,thousand,million,billion等前面没有具体的数字时通常加﹣s或of.
如:eight thousand people八千人,
fifty thousand trees五万棵树,
thousands of成千上万的,
millions of数百万.
③"基数词+单数名词"相当于复合形容词,作名词的定语,用于表示时间、距离等.
如:the 100﹣metre race 100米赛跑,
a ten﹣minute walk 10分钟的路程.
④常见的数字符号和等式的读法:=(等于号)读作equals,+(加号)读作 plus或and,﹣(减号)读作minus,×(乘号)读作times 或multiplied by,÷(除号)读作divided by.
如:3+2=5 读作Three plus two equals(或is)five./Three and two is(或equals)five./Three and two makes five.
5﹣3=2读作 Five minus three equals(或is)two.
8×7=56读作Eight times seven equals(或is)fifty﹣six./Eight multiplied by seven is fifty﹣six.
10÷5=2读作Ten divided by five equals(或is)two.
⑤"基数词+more"或"another+基数词"表示"在原来的基础上增加的数量".
如:My grandmother will stay in Shanghai for two more weeks.
=My grandmother will stay in Shanghai for another two weeks.我的奶奶将在上海再待两周.
4.序数词
【概念】
(1)数词:
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词.数词分为两大类,基数词和序数词.在句中做句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语.
(2)序数词:
表示顺序的数词叫作序数词,如first,second,third等.
【序数词的构成】
常见的序数词:
first 1st 第1 twenty﹣first 21st 第21
second 2nd 第2 thirtieth 30th 第30
third 3rd 第3 thirty﹣ninth 39th 第39
fourth 4th 第4 fortieth 40th 第40
fifth 5th 第5 fiftieth 50th 第50
sixth 6th 第6 sixtieth 60th 第60
seventh 7th 第7 seventieth 70th 第70
eighth 8th 第8 eightieth 80th 第80
ninth 9th 第9 ninetieth 90th 第90
tenth 10th 第10 hundredth 100th 第100
eleventh 11th 第11 one hundred and first 101st 第101
twelfth 12th 第12
twentieth 20th 第20
.
【用法】
①序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示"再一""又一".
如:We'll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍.
We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗?
②基数词也可以表示顺序.只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词.如:
the first lesson﹣﹣Lesson One
the fifth page﹣﹣Page 5(Five)
the twenty﹣first room﹣﹣Room 21(Twenty﹣one)
5.倍数表达法
【常见句型】
1."A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B",表示"A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍".如:
This rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳子比那根绳子长两倍(是那根绳子三倍长).
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍(是我们教室的六倍大).
The car runs twice faster than that truck.这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍(是那辆卡车的三倍快).
2."A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B",表示"A正好是B的多少倍".如:
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍.
This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍.
The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍.
3."A+倍数+the size/height/length/width,etc+of+B",表示"A正好是B的多少倍".如:
This street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长.
This hill is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍.
除掌握倍数表达的三个常规句型外,我们更要注意的是其常规句型的变形及其特殊规律.
【常规句型的变形】
1." …times+more+名词(可数或不可数)+than+被比对象".如:
There are five times more books in our library than in yours.我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆多五倍多.
We have produced twice more grain this year than we did last year.我们今年生产的粮食是去年的两倍多.
2." …times as many/much+名词+as+被比对象".如:
There is four times as much water in this pot as in that one.这个壶里装的水是那个壶里的四倍.
There are six times as many students as we expected.学生数量是我们预期的六倍.
3." …times+over+被比对象".如:
The grain output in that village is twice over that of 2002.那个村的粮食产量是2002年的两倍多.
4." …times+that+of+被比对象 ".如:
In this workshop,the output of July was 4.5 times that of January.这个车间7月份的产量是1月份的4.5倍.
5."…times+compared with+被比对象".如:
The number of the students in our school has increased 4 times compared with 1980.我们学校的学生人数比1980年增加了四倍.
6."…times+what+从句".如:
The production is now three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量比十年前增加了三倍.
二.倍数/百分数(percent)+compared with/up on +被比对象.如:
Our factory ' s output of TV sets in the first six months of this year was 10% up compared with last year.今年头六个月我们厂电视机的产量与去年相比增加了10%.
The industrial output of last year in our factory was 35% up on that of 2001.我们厂去年的工业产量比2001年增加了35%.
三.用double表示倍数
1.double用作形容词,表示"两倍的".如:
The production is now double what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的两倍.
2.double用作动词,表示"是……的两倍.如:
The output has been doubled in the past six years.在过去六年中产量已经翻了一番.
This brought a steady rise in the grain yield.In 2002 it nearly doubled that of 1980.这使粮食产量不断增长,到2002年产量已经比1980年将近翻了两番.
6.分数表达法
【分数的表达】
分数由基数词和序数词一起表示.分子须用基数词,分母需用序数词.当分子大于"1"时,分母用复数形式.
7.日期
【书写方面 】
1. 1986 年 10 月 23 日→October 23(rd), 1986
2. 2002 年 1 月 17 日→January 17(th), 2002
从上面的例子可以看出, 英语日期的表达与汉语不同.
英语表达的顺序为\"月、日、年\", 因此 2004 年 11 月 8 日就可写成 November 8th, 2004,还可表示为 November eighth, 2004.
另外,也可写成\"日、月、年\",8th November, 2004 即 the eighth of November, 2004.
【朗读方面】
在朗读时,"月份"一般直接用英语读出;"日"则要读成"the 序数词";年份,一 般分为两个单位来读, 前两个数为一个单位, 后两个数为一个单位. 1982 年读作 nineteen eighty﹣two, 1900 年读作 nineteen hundred.如果是三位数,先读第一位,再把后两个数 合起来读.如:984年可读为 nineeighty﹣four,757 年读成 seven fifty﹣seven. 另外,像 2000 年一般读成 two thousand, 2001 年则读成 two thousand and one,以此类推,2004 年应读成 two thousand and four. January 12th, 1993 读成 January the twelfth, nineteen ninety﹣three.
【易混淆点】
在日期方面,美英的表达方式是有差别的.以日为先,月份为后,此为英国式,美国式则与此相反.如一九九六年三月二日的写法: 2nd March, 1996(英) March 2, 1996(美) 在美式的写法中,1st, 2nd, 3rd 的 st, nd, rd 是不使用的.
由于日期书面表达不同,读法也不一样.如 1987 年 4 月 20 日,英式的写法是 20th April, 1987,读成 the twentieth of April, nineteen eighty﹣seven;美式的表达是 April 20, 1987,则读成 April the twentieth, nineteen eighty﹣seven.同样,全部用数字表达日期时,英美也有差别.
1998 年 5 月 6 日按照英国式应写成 6/5/98,而按照美国式应写成 5/6/98;01.08.1998 是英国式 的 1998 年 8 月 1 日,按照美国的表达方式却是 1998 年 1 月 8 日,美国的 1998 年 8 月 1 日 应写成 08,01,1998.
8.数词的用法
【常用方法】
一、整点法:如果时间是整点,就用"钟点数+o'clock"来表示.o'clock可省略.如:8:00可读作eight o'clock或eight
二、 顺读法:顺读法,也叫直接读法,此方法用于既有钟点数,又有分钟数的时间,通常先读"钟点数",再读分钟数.如:7:20读作seven﹣twenty
三、 倒读法:此方法是"先读分钟数",再读"钟点数",使用此方法要注意两点:
1. 如果分钟数在30以内,就用"分钟数+past+钟点数"表示,介词past意为"过".如:6:10读作ten past six.
2. 当分钟数正好是"三十分钟"时,可用"顺读法"中的"钟点数+thirty",也可用"half+past+钟点数".如:7:30可读作seven thirty 或 half past seven.
3. 如果分钟数超过30,则用"(60﹣分钟数)+ to +(钟点数 + 1)"来表示,介词to 为"差"的意思.如:6:35读作twenty﹣five to seven (差二十五分钟到七点)
在"倒读法"中,当分钟数涉及到"15分钟"时,一般不用fifteen,而用a quarter(一刻钟)来表示.如:10:15读作a quarter past ten (一般不读 fifteen past ten)
9.主谓一致
【概念】
主谓一致:
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则.
①语法一致原则:
指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式.
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生.
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球.
②意义一致:
指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式.
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭.
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了.
③就近一致:
指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语.
例:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球.
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书.
【用法】
①单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式.
The desk is Tom's.这张桌子是汤姆的.
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里.
The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球.
②many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为"许多",但谓语要用单数形式.
Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海.
③more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数.
More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京.
④表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个 整体概念,谓语用单数形式.
Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假.
Twenty pounds isn't so heavy.2 0英镑并不太重.
Ten miles isn't a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离.
Five minus four is one.5减4等于1.
⑤主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数.
Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位.
Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作.
⑥one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了.
⑦动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.
To see is to believe.眼见为实.
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益.
⑧a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数.
A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格.
⑨当主语部分含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like 等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但"名词+as well as+名词"时,谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致.
Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰.
Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球.
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.
⑩由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数.这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物.
The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了.
(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了.
(作家和老师是两个人)
people,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.family,class,group,team等集体名词作 主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式.
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好.
His family isn't large.他家的人不多.
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视.
不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody, everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数.
Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗?
Something is wrong with him.他有毛病.
Nobody was in. 没有人在家.
each, either,neither,another,the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数.
Each of them has an English dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典.
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确.
以﹣s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics等.
No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息.
Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎.
由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式.
Either my wife or I am going.
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
如果主语是由"a series of, a kind of, a portion of+名词"构成时,动词一般用单数形式. 但a variety of,a number of +名词复数,动词要用复数形式;而the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数.
A series of pre﹣recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.
On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.
The number of the students is over eight houndred
以here,there开关的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致
There is a book and three pens on the desk.
Here are some books and paper for you.
the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式.
The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的.
【解题方法点拨】
①先从语法一致,意义一致,就近一致三个方面审题考查什么.
②再根据各用法具体的知识点考虑一些固定用法.
③下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化.
We've had some(money).→ We haven't had any(money).
I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to anyone.
They sometimes visit us. → They rarely (never,seldom)visit us.
He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived yet.
Li is coming too.→ Li isn't coming either.
Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查就近一致,是考查主谓一致的重点
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